scholarly journals City Phenomenon between Urban Structure and Composition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Almusaed ◽  
Asaad Almssad
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Main Property ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Cities are not just a sum of buildings, but especially a set of social relations that their inhabitants develop. Cities are characterized by a wide variety of social groups and lifestyles. An urban composition represents a form of the city in which it gets a formal order, so that the shape of any urban ensemble is not linked to a random phenomenon, but to an intervention mastered and understood as such. For the city, the urban composition represents what the architectural composition represents for a building. This concept regarding the composition is common both to the architecture and to the city. The main property of the composition is that it transforms a possibly dispersed ensemble into a whole, resolving the contradictions that arise when the requirements and conditions of the project are numerous. Spatial forms and urban compositions are built over time, longer than that of architectural composition. On the other hand, “design of the urban environment” is understood by us as a complex formation of public spaces of the city, located on the ground floor level of the city building and ensuring the vital activity of the urban community. This chapter will study the city phenomenon on a large scale.

CONCEPT OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF A KEY PUBLIC SPACE (USING THE EXAMPLE OF «ALLEY OF ARCHITECTS», VORONEZH)

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
С. Л. Подвальный ◽  
О. А. Сотникова ◽  
Я. А. Золотухина
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Territory Design ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Intensive Growth

Постановка задачи. В настоящее время формирование современной комфортной городской среды приобретает особое социально-экономическое значение и выдвигается в число приоритетных государственных масштабных программ. В связи с этим необходимо разработать концепцию благоустройства ключевого общественного пространства, а именно: определить основные и сопутствующие функции данной территории, создать эскизное предложение проекта благоустройства с учетом всех необходимых норм и стандартов, внедрить современные технологии. Результаты. Выполнен эскизный дизайн-проект «Аллеи архитекторов» по ул. Орджоникидзе г. Воронеж, включающий в себя основные элементы по зонированию территории, проектированию акцентных объектов и внедрению инновационных технологий «умного города», позволяющих повысить уровень комфорта горожан. Выводы. Благоустройство населенных мест приобретает особое значение в условиях дискомфорта среды. С выполнением комплекса мероприятий, направленных на благоустройство, и с внедрением современных технологий значительно улучшается экологическое состояние, внешний облик города. Оздоровление и модернизация среды, которая окружает человека в городе, благотворно влияет на психофизическое состояние, что особенно важно в период интенсивного роста городов. Statement of the problem. Currently the formation of the modern comfortable urban environment is gaining a special social and economic value and moving forward in the priorities of state large-scale programs. The purpose of development of the concept of improvement of public space is definition of the main and accompanying functions of this territory, design of the outline offer of the project of improvement considering all necessary norms and standards and implementation of modern technologies. Results. The conceptual project of “Alley of Architects” includes the basic elements of territory zoning, design of accent objects and implementation of technologies of a “smart-city”. These elements allow one to increase the level of comfort of inhabitants. Conclusions. Improvement of the inhabited places is of particular importance in the conditions of discomfort of the environment. Carrying out a complex of the actions directed to gardening and improvement, introducing modern technologies, the ecological condition, the physical appearance of the city considerably improves. Improvement and modernization of the environment which surrounds the person in the city influences a psychophysical state well that especially important during intensive growth of the cities.

Narrating The City: spaces Of Urban Change, South London

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Class Culture ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South ◽  
Official Data ◽  
Over Time

This paper explores the documentation of social and spatial transformation in the Walworth area, South London. Spatial narratives are the entry point for my exploration, where official and ‘unofficial’ representations of history are aligned to capture the nature of urban change. Looking at the city from street level provides a worldly view of social encounter and spaces that are expressive of how citizens experience and shape the city. A more distanced view of the city accessed from official data reveals different constructs. In overlaying near and far views and data and experience, correlations and contestations emerge. As a method of research, the narrative is the potential palimpsest, incorporating fragments of the immediate and historic without representing a comprehensive whole. In this paper Walworth is documented as a local and Inner City context where remnants and insertions are juxtaposed, where white working class culture and diverse ethnicities experience difference and change. A primary aim is to consider the diverse experiences of groups and individuals over time, through their relationship with their street, neighbourhood and city. In relating the Walworth area to London I use three spatial narratives to articulate the contemporary and historic relationship of people to place: the other side examines the physical discrimination between north and south London, the other half looks at distinctions of class and race and other histories explores the histories displaced from official accounts.

scholarly journals Gridlocked in the city: kinship and witchcraft among Wayao street vendors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Africa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (S1) ◽  
pp. S51-S71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Malefakis
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heterogeneous Environment ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

AbstractFor a group of Wayao street vendors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, kinship relations were simultaneously an advantage and a hindrance. Their migration to the city and entry into the urban economy had occurred along ethnic and kinship lines. But, as they perceived the socially heterogeneous environment of the city that potentially offered them opportunities to cooperate with people from different social or ethnic backgrounds, they experienced their continuing dependency on their relatives as a form of confinement. Against the backdrop of the city, the Wayao perceived their social relations as being burdened with an inescapable sameness that made it impossible to trust one another. Mistrust, contempt and mutual suspicion were the flip side of close social relations and culminated in accusations ofuchawi(Swahili: witchcraft). However, these accusations did not have a disintegrative effect; paradoxically, their impact on social relations among the vendors was integrative. On the one hand,uchawiallegations expressed the claustrophobic feeling of stifling relations; on the other, they compelled the accused to adhere to a shared morality of egalitarian relations and exposed the feeling that the accused individual was worthy of scrutiny, indicating that relationships with him were of particular importance to others.

Composition of the City Block and the Cognitive Region of the Resident in the Historical City of Tokyo

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Shichun Zong ◽  
Hirotomo Ohuchi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Perception ◽  
Information Networks ◽  
City Block ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Due to the development of communication information networks in contemporary cities, and without the interconnection of space units, the quality of the overall urban environment is declining. Simultaneously, the awareness of people sharing such an environment is being lost. In this paper, we address Tsukishima, Tsukuda, Higashiueno, and Tsukiji areas in the historical city of Edo-Tokyo. investigate the district blocks and the environmental recognition of the residents to clarify how cognitive region coalesces as space. The results of our analysis show that the cognitive region will shift from the area where residents live due to the passage of time. There is some concern that the awareness of sharing in the area is decreasing. Based on survey data conducted in 1996 and 2011· 2012, the area of Tsukishima, Tsukiji, Tsukuda, and Higashiueno from the analysis of the resident's environmental perception to evaluate the change process over time, and it was possible to clarify the spread and change of the composition of environmental recognition of residents in historical urban areas (Downtown).

The Urban Environment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Hanawalt
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Ceremonial Life ◽  
The City

London’s civic world included the Thames and the city walls, the main market (Cheapside), the Guildhall, major churches, wards, and parishes, the physical features that had a role in the city’s ceremonial life. Social divisions played a crucial role in urban life. To be “free of the city” (citizens or freemen) was a franchise limited to those who completed apprenticeships or bought the right. The number of freemen was a small fraction of the population, and among them, the members of the elite who governed was even smaller. London’s society was hierarchical at every level, with elites taking leadership positions in government and in the gilds. Londoners were loyal and curious about their history. They kept books with stories of its creation and major events and documents. The proximity of the Tower on one side and Westminster on the other were influential in London’s relationship with the crown.

scholarly journals Integrated modelling of overland flows and drainage networks in a urban environment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Courty
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Flows ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Overland Flows ◽  
Developed Surface ◽  
Flood Model ◽  
The City

Flood is already one of the most common disaster at a global scale.With the combined effects of the continuing urbanization and ongoing climate change, the number of both inundation events and affectees is set to increase.Numerical flood simulation is a key tool to be better prepared to tackle those changes, as it allows us to evaluate the impacts of multiple weather and development scenarios at a reduced cost.In the past decades, flood models have become more reliable and accessible, leading them to be now part of the common toolbox of consulting engineers, public authorities and academics.However, correctly model the hydrological processes occurring in a urban environment is a challenging task.A successful urban flood model should be able to resolve the overland flows, the drainage network flows, and the complex interactions that are taking place between those two systems.Furthermore, the combination of the large scale of modern cities and the fine resolution needed to adequately model the overland flows requires large computational resources, and limits the models usefulness for advanced applications, like ensemble analysis.The present describes a new, open-source, coupled flood model that takes advantage of recent advances in urban inundation modelling. The surface model of the developed tool employs a simplified numerical scheme that allows fast simulation at high resolution.The drainage network model is the well known SWMM, developed by the EPA.The simulation of the coupling between the drainage and the surface models is based on the knowledge recently acquired by physical modelling.The developed surface model is first evaluated against a combination of analytic solutions and a well-known similar model.It is then employed to the reproduction of an historical flood in the city of Hull, UK.The coupled surface-drainage model is first compared to similar commercial and academic models.Then, the coupled model is applied to an historical flood in the city of Kolkata, India.In all those tests, the developed software gives adequate results and paves the way to its use for flood risk mapping and drainage network design.

Parameters of the development of social and cultural environment of the city (on the issue of social and cultural urbanism specifics)

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Marina I. Dolzhenkova ◽  
Tatyana G. Bortnikova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
The City

The study is devoted to examining the essence of the phenomenon of social and cultural urbanism – an extensive interdisciplinary field of research devoted to cities and the processes of urban lifestyle formation, urban leisure, overcoming depersonalization, asociality and isolation of citizens, their mutual alienation and antipathy. The modern city is considered as a specific, ration-ally organized territory; a special self-developing whole organism, where a uniquely organized so-cial and patial environment arises, the form of existence of a particular society. The problems of social and cultural urbanism are connected with mass urban culture and leisure, within the frame-work of which projects of recreation zones are being developed that positively affect the develop-ment of urban spaces and communities, making them attractive to residents and tourists. In any urban environment, a special way and type of culture develops; in the structure of the settlement functional clusters are formed that integrate the life, work and leisure of citizens. The quality of human life largely depends on the state of the social and cultural environment created in the city (quality of housing, public services, communications, trade, health care, education, etc.). The ur-ban social and cultural environment is positioned as a complex self-organizing subsystem of the urban structure, characterized by a number of quantitative and qualitative indicators. The urban environment through the methods of people interaction forms a unique social and psychological type of personality, which is characterized by rationality, mobility, willingness to change, the sub-ordination of one’s own interests to the needs of others, the ability to overcome the difficulties of reality. Common problems of the urban social and cultural environment are insufficient cultural and leisure infrastructure; low living standards and purchasing power of the population; lack of sustainable cultural and historical traditions; lack of active partnership between organizations of the spheres of culture, leisure and art in solving city problems.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichola Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Engagement ◽  
Political Party ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Commentary ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Academic Study

Nichola Khan provides the introduction to this book, by bringing into conversation some prominent figures, each of whom has been engaged with issues related to violence in Karachi for at least one decade, some many more. The collection addresses some perennial global, national, and city crises which have precipitated waves of violence in Karachi, and it highlights an increase in critical voices and commentary alongside a greater willingness by publishers to take on the controversies these phenomena entail. First, it combines the diverse specialist insights, generated over time, of key academics, publishers, journalists, activists, and writers; thereby it differs from the usual academic “study” of a “type” of violence, group, or political party in the city. A second focus is on personal and professional engagement, and on ways each dimension might inform the other. Third, the book brings these aspects to a public engagement agenda, encouraging a shift outwards from the purely academic realm towards the creation of wider publics and counterpublics engaged in cultural and political commentary, and collective collaborations for change.

Struktura funkcjonalno-przestrzenna wybranych terenów przemysłowych Poznania

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Sylwia Staszewska ◽  
Daria Marcinowicz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Urban Greenery ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

An analysis is provided of the spatial-functional structure of the area of Główna, Zawady, Gdyńska and Bałtycka streets in Poznań. This region of the city is unique. On the one hand, it contains particularly valuable architectural forms, often of historical and cultural merit, and several interesting natural-landscape features passing into historical structural wedges of urban greenery. On the other hand, however, there are also storehouses as well as manufacturing and service shops there, often side by side with residential housing. The area displays a mix of functions and building forms, a deteriorating state of repair of the buildings, a vandalised urban environment, and advancing processes of ageing and depreciation. The paper is concluded with a presentation of the measures devised to transform the area that have been outlined in the Study of determinants and directions of the spatial development of the city of Poznań and the authors’ own observations.

scholarly journals CONCEPT OF IMPROVEMENT (USING THE EXAMPLE OF A KEY PUBLIC SPACE “ALLEY OF ARCHITECTS”, VORONEZH)

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
S. L. Podvalny ◽  
O. A. Sotnikova ◽  
Ia. A. Zolotukhina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Territory Design ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Intensive Growth

Statement of the problem. Now formation of the modern comfortable urban environment gains a special social and economic value, moves forward in number of priority state large-scale programs. The purpose of development of the concept of improvement of public space is definition of the main and accompanying functions of this territory, creation of the outline offer of the project of improvement taking into account all necessary norms and standards and implementation of modern technologies. Results. The conceptual project of «Alley of architectures» includes basic elements on zoning of the territory, design of accent objects and implementation of technologies of the “smart-city”. These elements allow one to increase the level of comfort of inhabitants.Conclusions. Improvement of the inhabited places is of particular importance in the conditions of discomfort of the environment. Carrying out a complex of the actions directed to gardening and improvement, introducing modern technologies, the ecological condition, appearance of the city considerably improves. Improvement and modernization of the environment which surrounds the person in the city influences a psychophysical state well that especially important during intensive growth of the cities.

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