scholarly journals Salicylic Acid Sans Aspirin in Animals and Man

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Ronald Lawrence ◽  
Gwendoline Joan Baxter ◽  
John Robert Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
Drug Free

Analyses in non-aspirin takers finding salicylic acid (SA) and hydroxylated metabolites in serum also SA and salicyluric acid (SU) in urine led to a re-evaluation of dietary sources of salicylates. Fruit and vegetable sources explained higher levels found in drug-free vegetarians, which overlapped with those from patients on low dose aspirin. That drug’s chemo-protective action in cancer is, at least partially, attributable to its principal metabolite, SA—which we believe contributes to the benefits of a vegetarian diet. However, diet is unlikely to be the sole source of the circulating salicylate found in aspirin-free animals and man. We adduced evidence for its persistence in prolonged fasting and biosynthesis in vivo from labelled benzoic acid. We review the roles, defined and potential, of SA in the biosphere. Emphasis on the antiplatelet effect of aspirin in man has detracted from the likely pivotal role of SA in many potential areas of bioregulation—probably as important in animals as in plants. In this expanding field, some aspirin effects, mediated by apparently conserved receptors responding to SA, are discussed. The perspectives revealed may lead to re-evaluation of the place of salicylates in therapeutics and potentially improve formulations and drug delivery systems.

Formulation, Development and Characterization of Floating Beads of Diltiazem Hydrochloride

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Saxena Saxena ◽  
Santosh Kitawat ◽  
Kalpesh Gaur ◽  
Virendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Formulation Development

The main goal of any drug delivery system is to achieve desired concentration of the drug in blood or tissue, which is therapeutically effective and nontoxic for a prolonged period. Various attempts have been made to develop gastroretentive delivery systems such as high density system, swelling, floating system. The recent developments of FDDS including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. Gastric emptying is a complex process and makes in vivo performance of the drug delivery systems uncertain. In order to avoid this variability, efforts have been made to increase the retention time of the drug-delivery systems for more than 12 hours. The floating or hydrodynamically controlled drug delivery systems are useful in such application. Background of the research: Diltiazem HCL (DTZ), has short biological half life of 3-4 h, requires rather high frequency of administration. Due to repeated administration there may be chances of patient incompliance and toxicity problems. Objective: The objective of study was to develop sustained release alginate beads of DTZ for reduction in dosing frequency, high bioavailability and better patient compliance. Methodology: Five formulations prepared by using different drug to polymer ratios, were evaluated for relevant parameters and compared. Alginate beads were prepared by ionotropic external gelation technique using CaCl2 as cross linking agent. Prepared beads were evaluated for % yield, entrapment efficiency, swelling index in 0.1N HCL, drug release study and SEM analysis. In order to improve %EE and drug release, LMP and sunflower oil were used as copolymers along with sodium alginate.

Emerging Role of Colloidal Drug Delivery Systems (CDDS) in NSAID Topical Administration

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1847-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Puglia ◽  
Giorgia Tirendi ◽  
Francesco Bonina
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Delivery Systems

Role of novel drug delivery systems in coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19): time to act now

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Mittal ◽  
Varun Garg ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Bhadada ◽  
O. P. Katare
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Novel Drug

: The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has found its roots from Wuhan (China). COVID-19 is caused by a novel corona virus SARS-CoV2, previously named as 2019-nCoV. COVID-19 has spread across the globe and declared as pandemic by World health organization (WHO) on 11th March, 2020. Currently, there is no standard drug or vaccine available for the treatment, so repurposing of existing drugs is the only solution. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) will be boon for the repurposing of drugs. The role of various NDDS in repurposing of existing drugs for treatment of various viral diseases and their relevance in COVID-19 has discussed in this paper. It focuses on the currently ongoing research in the implementation of NDDS in COVID-19. Moreover it describes the role of NDDS in vaccine development for COVID-19. This paper also emphasizes how NDDS will help to develop the improved delivery systems (dosage forms) of existing therapeutic agents and also explore the new insights to find out the void spaces for a potential targeted delivery. So in these tough times, NDDS and nanotechnology can be a safeguard to humanity.

Nanostructured Ketorolac-Tromethamine/MCF: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Drug Release System

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana M. Juarez ◽  
Jorgelina Cussa ◽  
Marcos B. Gomez Costa ◽  
Oscar A. Anunziata
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Ketorolac Tromethamine

Background: Controlled drug delivery systems can maintain the concentration of drugs in the exact sites of the body within the optimum range and below the toxicity threshold, improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity. Mesostructured Cellular Foam (MCF) material is a new promising host for drug delivery systems due to high biocompatibility, in vivo biodegradability and low toxicity. Methods: Ketorolac-Tromethamine/MCF composite was synthesized. The material synthesis and loading of ketorolac-tromethamine into MCF pores were successful as shown by XRD, FTIR, TGA, TEM and textural analyses. Results: We obtained promising results for controlled drug release using the novel MCF material. The application of these materials in KETO release is innovative, achieving an initial high release rate and then maintaining a constant rate at high times. This allows keeping drug concentration within the range of therapeutic efficacy, being highly applicable for the treatment of diseases that need a rapid response. The release of KETO/MCF was compared with other containers of KETO (KETO/SBA-15) and commercial tablets. Conclusion: The best model to fit experimental data was Ritger-Peppas equation. Other models used in this work could not properly explain the controlled drug release of this material. The predominant release of KETO from MCF was non-Fickian diffusion.

scholarly journals Mechanisms and Pharmaceutical Action of Lipid Nanoformulation of Natural Bioactive Compounds as Efficient Delivery Systems in the Therapy of Osteoarthritis

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Oana Craciunescu ◽  
Madalina Icriverzi ◽  
Paula Ecaterina Florian ◽  
Anca Roseanu ◽  
Mihaela Trif
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Immune System Activation

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease. An objective of the nanomedicine and drug delivery systems field is to design suitable pharmaceutical nanocarriers with controllable properties for drug delivery and site-specific targeting, in order to achieve greater efficacy and minimal toxicity, compared to the conventional drugs. The aim of this review is to present recent data on natural bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory properties and efficacy in the treatment of OA, their formulation in lipid nanostructured carriers, mainly liposomes, as controlled release systems and the possibility to be intra-articularly (IA) administered. The literature regarding glycosaminoglycans, proteins, polyphenols and their ability to modify the cell response and mechanisms of action in different models of inflammation are reviewed. The advantages and limits of using lipid nanoformulations as drug delivery systems in OA treatment and the suitable route of administration are also discussed. Liposomes containing glycosaminoglycans presented good biocompatibility, lack of immune system activation, targeted delivery of bioactive compounds to the site of action, protection and efficiency of the encapsulated material, and prolonged duration of action, being highly recommended as controlled delivery systems in OA therapy through IA administration. Lipid nanoformulations of polyphenols were tested both in vivo and in vitro models that mimic OA conditions after IA or other routes of administration, recommending their clinical application.

Self-assembled drug delivery systems. Part 6: In vitro/in vivo studies of anticancer N-octadecanoyl gemcitabine nanoassemblies

2012 ◽  
Vol 430 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiguang Jin ◽  
Yanju Lian ◽  
Lina Du ◽  
Shuangmiao Wang ◽  
Chang Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Self Assembled

scholarly journals Polymer-Based Smart Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Application and Demonstration of Stimuli-Responsiveness

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Louise Van Gheluwe ◽  
Igor Chourpa ◽  
Coline Gaigne ◽  
Emilie Munnier
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Smart Drug ◽  
Smart Drug Delivery

Progress in recent years in the field of stimuli-responsive polymers, whose properties change depending on the intensity of a signal, permitted an increase in smart drug delivery systems (SDDS). SDDS have attracted the attention of the scientific community because they can help meet two current challenges of the pharmaceutical industry: targeted drug delivery and personalized medicine. Controlled release of the active ingredient can be achieved through various stimuli, among which are temperature, pH, redox potential or even enzymes. SDDS, hitherto explored mainly in oncology, are now developed in the fields of dermatology and cosmetics. They are mostly hydrogels or nanosystems, and the most-used stimuli are pH and temperature. This review offers an overview of polymer-based SDDS developed to trigger the release of active ingredients intended to treat skin conditions or pathologies. The methods used to attest to stimuli-responsiveness in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo are discussed.

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