scholarly journals The Role of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Feeding Behavior of European Corn Borer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankica Sarajlić ◽  
Emilija Raspudić ◽  
Zdenko Lončarić ◽  
Marko Josipović ◽  
Ivana Majić
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

European corn borer (ECB) creates tunnels inside the plant stalks, causing damage, which could significantly decrease yield loss. This study aimed to determine the relationship between damage caused by ECB larval feeding and different irrigation and nitrogen fertilization rates on different maize genotypes. We conducted a field experiment in Croatia from 2012 to 2014. Increased plant nitrogen adsorption was observed under irrigation only in drought years, and it was decreased in optimal or extremely wet years. We found a weak or a moderate relationship between ECB damage and nitrogen concentration, but the greatest ECB damage was in all years recorded in treatments with the highest fertilization rates. However, the highest plant nitrogen concentration was observed in the hybrid with the lowest damage from ECB larvae. The maize damage caused by ECB larval feeding was negatively affected by high plant nitrogen concentrations only when plants were under drought stress. Nitrogen uptake was increased in irrigated plots. We did not find a strong relationship between the C/N ratio or irrigation and intensity of ECB damage. In 2012, when the narrowest C/N ratio was calculated, the greatest damage by ECB was measured. Further studies are needed since we detected the significant impact of drought on intensive ECB larval feeding.

scholarly journals Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization of Subirrigated Container-grown Chrysanthemum using a Simulation Model

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 761E-761
Author(s):  
Mark V. Yelanich ◽  
John A. Biernbaum
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Pd Controller ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Fertilization ◽  
Saturated Medium

A model constructed to describe nitrogen dynamics in the root zone of subirrigated container-grown chrysanthemum was used to develop and test nitrogen fertilization strategies. The model predicts the nitrogen concentration in the root zone by numerical integration of the rates of nitrogen applied, plant nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen movement to the medium top layer. The three strategies tested were constant liquid N fertilization, proportional derivative control (PD) based upon weekly saturated medium extraction (SME) tests, or PD control based upon daily SME tests. The optimal concentration of N to apply using a single fertilization concentration was 14 mol·m–3, but resulted in greater quantities of N being applied than if PD controller strategies were used. The PD controllers were better able to maintain the predicted SME concentration within 7 to 14 mol·m–3 optimal range and reduce the overall sample variability over time. Applying 14 mol·m–3 N at every irrigation was found to be an adequate fertilization strategy over a wide range of environmental conditions because N was applied in excess of what was needed by the plant.

Models of growth and development of wheat in relation to plant nitrogen

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Angus ◽  
MW Moncur
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Wheat plants were grown in culture solutions differing in nitrogen concentration and transferred between the solutions at the time of floral initiation. Rates of growth and development were expressed in relation to the nitrogen concentrations of the whole plants. Growth rate increased and developmental rate decreased with increased plant nitrogen concentration, the extent depending on the developmental stage when the nitrogen was supplied, the duration of supply, and the concentration of nitrogen in the solution. Simple dynamic models fitted to the data accounted for 97% of the variation in observed biomass and 93% of the variation in rate of development. The models are based on a concept of relative nitrogen concentration, an expression of the actual nitrogen concentration of the plant in relation to the maximum and minimum possible nitrogen concentrations at a particular developmental stage. The models suggest possibilities for calculating the growth response to nitrogen fertilizer applied at any time during the development of a crop.

Growth and Biomass Partitioning in Eucalyptus grandis Seedlings in Response to Nitrogen Supply

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Cromer ◽  
PG Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis were grown using an aeroponic culture technique in which continuously circulating solution was sprayed over seedling roots. Nutrient solutions, made up so that nitrogen was the element limiting growth, were added hourly at relative addition rates between 0.04 and 0.12 d-1. This technique enabled stable seedling nitrogen concentrations and relative growth rates to be maintained during experimental periods of 40-80 days in most treatments. Once steady state growth was established, allocation of dry matter to stems compared with foliage increased with ontogeny and the allometric relationship was not influenced by plant nitrogen status or genotype. In contast, the intercept of the allometric relationship between root mass and foliage mass was dependent on plant nitrogen concentration, but the slope was equal to unity at all nitrogen concentrations. Our data indicate that nitrogen-induced changes in allocation of dry matter between foliage and root components, together with changes in specific leaf area, had a larger influence on seedling growth rate than did changes in net rate of carbon gain per unit leaf area.

Intraseasonal variation in the δ15N signature of taiga trees and shrubs

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Kielland ◽  
Bruce Barnett ◽  
Don Schell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Intraseasonal Variation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Turnover ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

We examined the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen from six dominant taiga species over three distinct phenological periods during the growing season. Temporal changes in the isotopic signature varied among species, but were not consistent within a given growth form. Despite large variation between nitrogen concentrations in new, mature, and senescent foliage, the seasonal fluctuations in δ15N were small with the exception of aspen, a tree species growing on the most fertile sites. In the absence of strong within-season variation in isotope signature, we conclude that this parameter reasonably well integrates the plant-nitrogen relations over the growing season for most species, with the caveat that this parameter may show significant temporal variation in species from high-nitrogen environments. We found a significant, positive relationship between nitrogen concentration and δ15N values in mature and newly flushed foliage, suggesting that plant enrichment in δ15N is associated with increased soil nitrogen turnover.

scholarly journals Comparative data concerning aflatoxin contents in Bt maize and non-Bt isogenic maize in relation to human and animal health – a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Ostrý ◽  
František Malíř ◽  
Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Bt Toxin

Transgenic Bt maize is a potentially important tool against insect pest in the EU and other countries. Bt maize (e.g. MON 810, Bt 11) which carries the Bt gene is highly resistant to larval feeding of European corn borer, stalk borer, and Southwestern corn borer, depending on Bt toxin (δ toxin) production. Effective measures used to fight pests may often have positive side-effects in that they may also contribute to reducing mycotoxin concentrations. A systematic review has been used for the purposes of evaluating the studies on the reduction of aflatoxins in Bt maize. According to five studies, Bt maize has significantly lower concentrations of aflatoxins than non-Bt maize hybrids, only one study has shown no significant effect of Bt maize. Other studies have shown mixed results (four studies). The results of these studies were influenced by the year of sampling or by using maize breeding lines selected for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation.

scholarly journals Optimum Timing of an Application of Corn Oil and Bacillus thuringiensis to Control Lepidopteran Pests in Sweet Corn

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Cook ◽  
Anne Carter ◽  
Pamela Westgate ◽  
Ruth Hazzard
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
All Treatment

Corn oil and Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki (Bt) applied directly into the silk channel of a corn ear has been shown to be an effective pesticide against corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (CEW), and european corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (ECB). Field studies were conducted in 2000 and 2001 to determine the influence of application timing on ear quality at harvest. Two blocks of corn were planted during each year to observe treatment effects under varying populations of the two insect species. The treatment consisted of 0.5 mL (0.017 floz) of food grade corn oil containing a suspension of Bt at 0.08 g (0.003 oz) a.i. per ear applied directly into the silk channel at the husk opening. One treatment application was made on each silk day 3 through 11 from first silk; silk day 1 was the first day that 50% or more of ears had 2.5 cm (1 inch) of silk protruding from the husk. One treatment did not receive the oil + Bt suspension. All ears were harvested at milk stage, on silk day 25. The number of CEW larvae in treated ears increased with later application days in 2000, but not in 2001. Damage from larval feeding was mainly found near the tip of the ear, and damage ratings were lower compared to untreated ears for all treatment days for both plantings in 2000, and through application day 8 in the late planting of 2001. ECB larvae were reduced for all treatment days in both plantings in 2000 and the late planting of 2001. The percentage of ears rated as marketable (i.e., free of feeding damage) ranged from 71% to 100% in treated plots compared to 30% to 77% in the untreated plots. There was a linear decrease in marketability with later application days in two of the four plantings. The greatest decrease in marketability was after application day 7. Because the oil application affects kernel development at the tip, the length of ear with under-developed kernels, or cone tip, was measured. The number of ears with cone tip decreased linearly with the later application days in all plantings. There was 10% conetip or less after day 7 in 2000 and day 6 in 2001. The best combination of effective insect control resulting in the highest rates of marketable ears with the least degree of cone tip was achieved in this experiment by application of oil + Bt suspension on day 7. Year to year variation in the environment would suggest a range from day 6 to 8.

Nature and Distribution of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larval Feeding Damage to Cotton in North Carolina

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Savinelli ◽  
Jack S. Bacheler ◽  
Julius R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CHRYSANTHEMUM CULTIVARS TO EUROPEAN CORN BORER

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Schultz ◽  
M. A. Coffelt
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
West Point ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Laboratory Screening ◽  
Comparative Susceptibility

Susceptibility between chrysanthemum varieties to the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) was evaluated in both field and laboratory studies. Field studies showed significant differences with the varieties Debonair and West Point being the most heavily infested, and Grenadine, Patriot, Baby Tears, and Revere showing no larval feeding. Laboratory methods utilizing unrooted cuttings yielded inconsistent results. Laboratory screening with the use of stem sections was relatively consistent with Debonair and West Point being the most heavily infested while Revere and Pancho the least infested. A positive correlation between infestation levels and stem diameters indicated stem thickness may be a factor in expression of susceptibility. Debonair and West Point, the most susceptible varieties, had significantly larger stem diameters than the less susceptible varieties, Revere and Pancho.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document