Models of growth and development of wheat in relation to plant nitrogen

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Angus ◽  
MW Moncur
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Wheat plants were grown in culture solutions differing in nitrogen concentration and transferred between the solutions at the time of floral initiation. Rates of growth and development were expressed in relation to the nitrogen concentrations of the whole plants. Growth rate increased and developmental rate decreased with increased plant nitrogen concentration, the extent depending on the developmental stage when the nitrogen was supplied, the duration of supply, and the concentration of nitrogen in the solution. Simple dynamic models fitted to the data accounted for 97% of the variation in observed biomass and 93% of the variation in rate of development. The models are based on a concept of relative nitrogen concentration, an expression of the actual nitrogen concentration of the plant in relation to the maximum and minimum possible nitrogen concentrations at a particular developmental stage. The models suggest possibilities for calculating the growth response to nitrogen fertilizer applied at any time during the development of a crop.

Growth and Biomass Partitioning in Eucalyptus grandis Seedlings in Response to Nitrogen Supply

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Cromer ◽  
PG Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis were grown using an aeroponic culture technique in which continuously circulating solution was sprayed over seedling roots. Nutrient solutions, made up so that nitrogen was the element limiting growth, were added hourly at relative addition rates between 0.04 and 0.12 d-1. This technique enabled stable seedling nitrogen concentrations and relative growth rates to be maintained during experimental periods of 40-80 days in most treatments. Once steady state growth was established, allocation of dry matter to stems compared with foliage increased with ontogeny and the allometric relationship was not influenced by plant nitrogen status or genotype. In contast, the intercept of the allometric relationship between root mass and foliage mass was dependent on plant nitrogen concentration, but the slope was equal to unity at all nitrogen concentrations. Our data indicate that nitrogen-induced changes in allocation of dry matter between foliage and root components, together with changes in specific leaf area, had a larger influence on seedling growth rate than did changes in net rate of carbon gain per unit leaf area.

Intraseasonal variation in the δ15N signature of taiga trees and shrubs

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Kielland ◽  
Bruce Barnett ◽  
Don Schell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Intraseasonal Variation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Turnover ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

We examined the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen from six dominant taiga species over three distinct phenological periods during the growing season. Temporal changes in the isotopic signature varied among species, but were not consistent within a given growth form. Despite large variation between nitrogen concentrations in new, mature, and senescent foliage, the seasonal fluctuations in δ15N were small with the exception of aspen, a tree species growing on the most fertile sites. In the absence of strong within-season variation in isotope signature, we conclude that this parameter reasonably well integrates the plant-nitrogen relations over the growing season for most species, with the caveat that this parameter may show significant temporal variation in species from high-nitrogen environments. We found a significant, positive relationship between nitrogen concentration and δ15N values in mature and newly flushed foliage, suggesting that plant enrichment in δ15N is associated with increased soil nitrogen turnover.

scholarly journals The Role of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Feeding Behavior of European Corn Borer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankica Sarajlić ◽  
Emilija Raspudić ◽  
Zdenko Lončarić ◽  
Marko Josipović ◽  
Ivana Majić
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

European corn borer (ECB) creates tunnels inside the plant stalks, causing damage, which could significantly decrease yield loss. This study aimed to determine the relationship between damage caused by ECB larval feeding and different irrigation and nitrogen fertilization rates on different maize genotypes. We conducted a field experiment in Croatia from 2012 to 2014. Increased plant nitrogen adsorption was observed under irrigation only in drought years, and it was decreased in optimal or extremely wet years. We found a weak or a moderate relationship between ECB damage and nitrogen concentration, but the greatest ECB damage was in all years recorded in treatments with the highest fertilization rates. However, the highest plant nitrogen concentration was observed in the hybrid with the lowest damage from ECB larvae. The maize damage caused by ECB larval feeding was negatively affected by high plant nitrogen concentrations only when plants were under drought stress. Nitrogen uptake was increased in irrigated plots. We did not find a strong relationship between the C/N ratio or irrigation and intensity of ECB damage. In 2012, when the narrowest C/N ratio was calculated, the greatest damage by ECB was measured. Further studies are needed since we detected the significant impact of drought on intensive ECB larval feeding.

Nitrogen cycling in a Venezuelan tropical seasonally flooded forest: soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrios E. ◽  
Herrera R.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Flooded Forest ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Minimum Stress ◽  
Seasonally Flooded

ABSTRACTSeasonally flooded forests represent a transition between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The Mapire river, a tributary of the Orinoco river, floods its surrounding forests during the wet season (May–December). The soils are very acid and the total nitrogen concentration (0.1%) is only half that found in nearby soils flooded by Orinoco waters. Ammonium-nitrogen predominates in the soil during the flooded period while nitrate-nitrogen concentrations are higher in the dry period. Wide fluctuations in the inorganic nitrogen fractions did not considerably affect the annual course of soil nitrogen.The predominance of mineralization versus nitrification (56 and 5 μgsoil month−1respectively) and possibly the synchronization of nitrogen availability with plant demand could be considered as nitrogen conserving mechanisms.In synchrony with the hydrologic cycle, the seasonally flooded forest studied shows a nitrogencycle where inputs and accumulation are maximized when the system is under minimum stress (dry season). During flooding, the system enters a period of dormancy making minimal use of nutrient and energy to avoid or tolerate anaerobiosis.

scholarly journals The Fitness Advantage of Commercial Wine Yeasts in Relation to the Nitrogen Concentration, Temperature, and Ethanol Content under Microvinification Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 704-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estéfani García-Ríos ◽  
Alicia Gutiérrez ◽  
Zoel Salvadó ◽  
Francisco Noé Arroyo-López ◽  
José Manuel Guillamon
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Wine Yeast ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Wine Yeasts ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Industrial Strains ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

ABSTRACTThe effect of the main environmental factors governing wine fermentation on the fitness of industrial yeast strains has barely received attention. In this study, we used the concept of fitness advantage to measure how increasing nitrogen concentrations (0 to 200 mg N/liter), ethanol (0 to 20%), and temperature (4 to 45°C) affects competition among four commercial wine yeast strains (PDM, ARM, RVA, and TTA). We used a mathematical approach to model the hypothetical time needed for the control strain (PDM) to out-compete the other three strains in a theoretical mixed population. The theoretical values obtained were subsequently verified by competitive mixed fermentations in both synthetic and natural musts, which showed a good fit between the theoretical and experimental data. Specifically, the data show that the increase in nitrogen concentration and temperature values improved the fitness advantage of the PDM strain, whereas the presence of ethanol significantly reduced its competitiveness. However, the RVA strain proved to be the most competitive yeast for the three enological parameters assayed. The study of the fitness of these industrial strains is of paramount interest for the wine industry, which uses them as starters of their fermentations. Here, we propose a very simple method to model the fitness advantage, which allows the prediction of the competitiveness of one strain with respect to different abiotic factors.

scholarly journals Nitrogen for growth of stock plants and production of strawberry runner tips

Bragantia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djeimi Isabel Janisch ◽  
Jerônimo Luiz Andriolo ◽  
Vinícius Toso ◽  
Kamila Gabriele Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Jéssica Maronez de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Camino Real ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Crown Roots

The objective of this research was to determine growth and dry matter partitioning among organs of strawberry stock plants under five Nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution and its effects on emission and growth of runner tips. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, from September 2010 to March 2011, in a soilless system with Oso Grande and Camino Real cultivars. Nitrogen concentrations of 5.12, 7.6, 10.12 (control), 12.62 and 15.12 mmol L-1 in the nutrient solution were studied in a 5x2 factorial randomised experimental design. All runner tips bearing at least one expanded leaf (patent requested) were collected weekly and counted during the growth period. The number of leaves, dry matter (DM) of leaves, crown and root, specific leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) was determined at the final harvest. Increasing N concentration in the nutrient solution from 5.12 to 15.12 mmol L-1 reduces growth of crown, roots and LAI of strawberry stock plants but did not affect emission and growth of runner tips. It was concluded that for the commercial production of plug plants the optimal nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution should be 5.12 mmol L-1.

Seasonal fluctuations in river bacteria as measured by multivariate statistical analysis of continuous cultures

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 959-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R. Bell ◽  
Maxine A. Holder-Franklin ◽  
Mervyn Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Continuous Cultures ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Forty-eight continuous culture enrichments were performed on summer and winter water samples from two contrasting rivers. The cell output from each chemostat was dependant on the temperature and nitrogen concentration of each enrichment. The diversity of the populations from the continuous cultures, as assessed by species diversity analysis, was always greater than populations obtained on agar plates. However, the species isolated exclusively by continuous culture in these experiments were not unique to the chemostat. All of these species had been isolated at some time on plates directly. High nitrogen concentrations were found to decrease diversity. Populations sampled during the winter were influenced primarily by the concentration of nitrogen. Summer isolates were affected mainly by the temperature of the culture medium. The nutritional versatility of the population was not affected by enrichment of the continuous culture.

scholarly journals Comparison of the nest materials of Polistes Gallicus (L.), Polistes dominulus (Christ) and Polistes nimpha (Christ) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nil Bagriaçik
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Polistes Dominulus ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Nest Materials ◽  
Physical Features

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the nest materials and some physical features and elemental composition of the nests of Polistes gallicus (L.), Polistes dominulus (Christ) and Polistes nimpha (Christ) collected in similar ecological conditions. The nest architectures of the three species were similar. In the P. gallicus nest, the average thickness of the fibers was 5.73 ?m, the nitrogen concentration was 26.14%, and percentages of the fibers and saliva were 77% and 23%, respectively. In the P. dominulus nest, the average thickness of the fibers was 8.7 ?m, and the nitrogen concentration was 27.42%; the percentages of fiber and saliva were 78% and 22%, respectively. In the P. nimpha nest, the average thickness of the fibers was 9.04 ?m, the nitrogen concentration was 25.82%, and the percentages of the fiber and saliva were 42% and 58%, respectively. There were differences in the amount of saliva and nitrogen concentrations.

scholarly journals Mycelial biomass cultivation of Lentinus crinitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itaruã Machri Colla ◽  
Olavo Bilac Quaresma de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Janyeli Dorini Silva de Freitas ◽  
Míria Benetati Delgado Bertéli ◽  
Giani Andrea Linde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Mycelial Biomass ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Lentinus crinitus is a medicinal basidiomycete, little studied regarding the basic cultivation conditions, which is used in bioremediation and consumed by native Indians from the Brazilian Amazon. Also, it produces a fungal secondary metabolite panepoxydone that has been described as an essential regulator of the inflammatory and immune response. This study aimed to evaluate basic conditions of temperature, pH, and nitrogen concentration and source in the cultivation of L. crinitus mycelial biomass. In order to evaluate fungal growth temperature, 2% malt extract agar (MEA) medium, pH 5.5, was utilized from 19 to 40 °C. For pH, MEA had pH adjusted from 2 to 11 and cultivated at 28 °C. Urea or soybean meal was added to MEA to obtain final concentration from 0.5 and 16 g/L of nitrogen, pH of 5.5, cultivated at 28 °C. The best temperature growth varies from 31 to 34 ºC and the optimal one is 32.7º C, and the best pH ranges from 4.5 to 6.5 and the optimal one is 6.1. Protein or non-protein nitrogen concentration is inversely proportional to the mycelial biomass growth. Nitrogen concentrations of 2.0 g/L soybean meal and urea inhibit mycelial biomass growth in 11% and 12%, respectively, but high concentrations of 16.0 g/L nitrogen inhibit the growth in 46% and 95%, respectively. The fungus is robust and grows under extreme conditions of temperature and pH, but smaller adaptation with increasing nitrogen concentrations in the cultivation medium, mainly non-protein nitrogen.

Effects of Submergence and Nitrogen Concentration on the Resources Utilization of Alternanthera philoxeroides

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Wen Juan Ding ◽  
Hua Yong Zhang ◽  
Fang Juan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

This study examined the effects of submergence and nitrogen concentration on biomass allocation and nutrients utilization of an invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides. In the experiment, A. philoxeroides was applied to two water level treatments (0 and 25cm above the surface) across with two nitrogen concentrations (0 and 10 mg/l N). The results showed that submergence decreased leaf fraction and increased stem fraction, but high N changed this situation. In submergence, high N increased leaf fraction but decreased stem fraction due to leaves survival and maintenance. Submergence decreased root fraction and the content of soluble sugar in stem. The results suggested that high N concentration could counteract the negative effects of submergence. Therefore, the risk of A. philoxeroides invasion might be enhanced by nitrogen pollution in fluctuating water bodies, and should be attention intensely.

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