scholarly journals Downflow Hanging Sponge System: A Self-Sustaining Option for Wastewater Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita Maharjan ◽  
Choolaka Hewawasam ◽  
Masashi Hatamoto ◽  
Takashi Yamaguchi ◽  
Hideki Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
System A ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Core Technology ◽  
Major Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Need of self-sustaining wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has become critical to cope up with dynamics of the environmental regulations and rapid advancements in the contemporary technologies. At present there are limited number of self-sustaining WWTPs around the world. The aim of this chapter is to present state -of- art of Downflow Hanging Sponge (DHS) system which was developed as a post treatment unit of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) from sustainability perspective. DHS system is a non-submerged fixed bed trickling filter (TF) that employs a core technology of polyurethane sponges as a media where the microorganisms thrive and major treatment processes take place. This chapter reviews the introduction of DHS system (UASB+DHS) summarizes the quantitative analysis of environmental, economic and social sustainability using indicators. Furthermore, self-sustaining prospects of DHS system are assessed and discussed by comparing with conventional TF (UASB+TF).

Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters with Full-Scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket and Attached Biofilm Reactors

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Collivignarelli ◽  
G. Urbini ◽  
A. Farneti ◽  
A. Bassetti ◽  
U. Barbaresi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewaters ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The results of pilot experiments on municipal wastewater treatment using advanced processes are described. The most important aims of this research were to achieve reductions in energy consumption, environmental impact, quantity of stabilized sludge produced, and area necessary for plant construction. The pilot plant, which was constructed in the environs of the Senigallia (AN, Italy) municipal wastewater treatment plant, had a capacity of 500 to 2500 population equivalents (p.e.). In the most attractive system, municipal wastewaters with a low organic concentration were first treated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) bioreactor with a capacity of 336 m3. Part of the effluent from this process was then conveyed to an anoxic biological fluidized bed (with a volume of 8 m3 filled with 3 m3 of quartzite sand) for pre-denitrification, and then to an aerobic fixed bed (with random plastic media and a volume of 8m3) for nitrification. It was also possible to treat the municipal wastewaters using the anaerobic fluidized bed directly, after microscreening or primary sedimentation. The research undertaken was intended to verify the reliability of these processes at ambient temperatures and with variable wastewater concentrations. The preliminary results obtained for COD, BOD, and N removal from municipal wastewaters indicate that this system is quite an attractive treatment alternative, mainly due to its low sludge production and energy consumption. These results will enable accurate design criteria to be identified for the construction of more economic treatment plants on a larger scale.

Removal Efficiencies of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment Processes

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Hirata ◽  
Kiyoshi Kawamura ◽  
Kazuyoshi Yano ◽  
Mitsumi Kaneko ◽  
Takeo Moniwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Indicator Microorganism ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Microorganism Removal

The removal characteristics of indigenous microorganisms in wastewater treatment unit processes were studied at five operating wastewater treatment plants. The removal efficiencies of the selected microorganisms in each unit process were dependent upon not only the systems but also the kinds of microorganisms. In almost all processes, the removal efficiencies of total coliforms were similar to or higher than those of Clostridium perfringens except for filtration processes. In the additional survey, focussed on the comparison of removal efficiencies of total coliforms, Cl. perfringens and coliphages, little difference was found between CL perfringens and coliphages. From these results, it may be suggested that CL Perfringens is an effective indicator microorganism for evaluating microorganism removal in wastewater treatment processes and systems.

Pemodelan Reaktor Hibrid Anaerob Pengolah Molasse Pada Pembebanan Organik Tinggi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede H Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Telah dikembangkan reaktor anaerob kecepatan tinggi (high rate) yang merupakan modifikasi reaktor konvensional. Di antaranya berupa (bio)reaktor pertumbuhan tersuspensi (contoh: UASB, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) dan reaktor pertumbuhan lekat (Fixed Bed atau Biofilter, Fluidized Bed, Expanded Bed, Rotating Biodisc dan Baffled Reactor). Kedua tipe reaktor di atas memiliki sejumlah kelebihan dan kekurangan. Untuk mengoptimalkan nilai positifnya (terutama untuk keperluan desain) maka reaktor tersebut, pada penelitian ini, disusun menjadi satu urutan yang disebut Reaktor Hibrid Anaerob (Rehan) yakni UASB di bawah dan AF di atasnya. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang kinerja Rehan dalam mengolah air limbah (substrat) yang konsentrasi zat organiknya (COD) sangat tinggi dan suatu model matematika yang dapat mewakili reaktor tersebut.

scholarly journals Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Six Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants at the Early Stage of COVID-19 Pandemic in The United States

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Samendra P. Sherchan ◽  
Shalina Shahin ◽  
Jeenal Patel ◽  
Lauren M. Ward ◽  
Sarmila Tandukar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wastewater Samples

In this study, we investigated the occurrence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in primary influent (n = 42), secondary effluent (n = 24) and tertiary treated effluent (n = 34) collected from six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs A–F) in Virginia (WWTP A), Florida (WWTPs B, C, and D), and Georgia (WWTPs E and F) in the United States during April–July 2020. Of the 100 wastewater samples analyzed, eight (19%) untreated wastewater samples collected from the primary influents contained SARS-CoV-2 RNA as measured by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. SARS-CoV-2 RNA were detected in influent wastewater samples collected from WWTP A (Virginia), WWTPs E and F (Georgia) and WWTP D (Florida). Secondary and tertiary effluent samples were not positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA indicating the treatment processes in these WWTPs potentially removed SARS-CoV-2 RNA during the secondary and tertiary treatment processes. However, further studies are needed to understand the log removal values (LRVs) and transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 RNA through analyzing wastewater samples from a wider range of WWTPs.

Performance evaluation of different wastewater treatment technologies operating in a developing country

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia C. Oliveira ◽  
Marcos von Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Uasb Reactors

This article analyses the performance of 166 wastewater treatment plants operating in Brazil, comprising six different treatment processes: septic tank + anaerobic filter, facultative pond, anaerobic pond + facultative pond, activated sludge, UASB reactors alone, UASB reactors followed by post-treatment. The study evaluates and compares the observed effluent quality and the removal efficiencies in terms of BOD, COD, TSS, TN, TP and FC with typical values reported in the technical literature. In view of the large performance variability observed, the existence of a relationship between design/operational parameters and treatment performance was investigated. From the results obtained, no consistent relationship between loading rates and effluent quality was found. The influence of loading rates differed from plant to plant, and the effluent quality was dictated by several combined factors related to design and operation.

scholarly journals Fate of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products after secondary wastewater treatment processes in Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2450-2458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Yu-Chen Lin ◽  
Cheng-Fan Lin ◽  
Yu-Ting Tsai ◽  
Hank Hui-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Matrix Interference ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) constitute a class of chemicals of emerging concern due to the potential risks they pose to organisms and the environment, even at low concentrations (ng/L). Recent studies have found that PPCPs are not efficiently removed in secondary wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study has: (1) simultaneously investigated the occurrence of sixty-one PPCPs using solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, (2) evaluated removal efficiencies of target PPCPs in six WWTPs that discharge effluents into major Taiwanese rivers, and lastly (3) examined matrix interference during analysis of target PPCPs in water samples. The twenty target PPCPs were chosen for their high detection frequencies, high influent concentrations, and stability during wastewater treatment processes. Caffeine and acetaminophen were detected at the highest concentrations (as high as 24,467 and 33,400 ng/L) and were effectively removed (both >96%); other PPCPs were detected in the high ng/L range but were not effectively removed. Matrix interference (by ion suppression or enhancement) during the analysis resulted in underestimation of the removal efficiencies of erythromycin-H2O, cefazolin, clarithromycin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, clofibric acid and gemfibrozil.

scholarly journals Sewer Mining as a Distributed Intervention for Water-Energy-Materials in the Circular Economy Suitable for Dense Urban Environments: A Real World Demonstration in the City of Athens

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2764
Author(s):  
Argyro Plevri ◽  
Klio Monokrousou ◽  
Christos Makropoulos ◽  
Christos Lioumis ◽  
Nikolaos Tazes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Plant Nursery

Water reuse and recycling is gaining momentum as a way to improve the circularity of cities, while recognizing the central role of water within a circular economy (CE) context. However, such interventions often depend on the location of wastewater treatment plants and the treatment technologies installed in their premises, while relying on an expensive piped network to ensure that treated wastewater gets transported from the treatment plant to the point of demand. Thus, the penetration level of treated wastewater as a source of non-potable supply in dense urban environments is limited. This paper focuses on the demonstration of a sewer mining (SM) unit as a source of treated wastewater, as part of a larger and more holistic configuration that examines all three ‘streams’ associated with water in CE: water, energy and materials. The application area is the Athens Plant Nursery, in the (water stressed) city of Athens, Greece. SM technology is in fact a mobile wastewater treatment unit in containers able to extract wastewater from local sewers, treat it directly and reuse at the point of demand even in urban environments with limited space. The unit consists of a membrane bioreactor unit (MBR) and a UV disinfection unit and produces high quality reclaimed water for irrigation and also for aquifer recharge during the winter. Furthermore, a short overview of the integrated nutrient and energy recovery subsystem is presented in order to conceptualise the holistic approach and circularity of the whole configuration. The SM technology demonstrates flexibility, scalability and replicability, which are important characteristics for innovation uptake within the emerging CE context and market.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Removal of Veterinary Antibiotics in Livestock Wastewater Treatment Plants, South Korea

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Pil Kim ◽  
Dal Rae Jin ◽  
Wonseok Lee ◽  
Minhee Chae ◽  
Junwon Park
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
Livestock Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
A2o Process

In this study, livestock wastewater treatment plants in South Korea were monitored to determine the characteristics of influent and effluent wastewater, containing four types of veterinary antibiotics (sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline), and the removal efficiencies of different treatment processes. Chlortetracycline had the highest average influent concentration (483.7 μg/L), followed by sulfamethazine (251.2 μg/L), sulfathiazole (230.8 μg/L) and oxytetracycline (25.7 μg/L), at five livestock wastewater treatment plants. Sulfathiazole had the highest average effluent concentration (28.2 μg/L), followed by sulfamethazine (20.8 μg/L) and chlortetracycline (11.5 μg/L), while no oxytetracycline was detected. For veterinary antibiotics in the wastewater, a removal efficiency of at least 90% was observed with five types of treatment processes, including a bio-ceramic sequencing batch reactor, liquid-phase flotation, membrane bioreactor, bioreactor plus ultrafiltration (BIOSUF) and bio best bacillus systems. Moreover, this study evaluated the removal efficiency via laboratory-scale experiments on the conventional contaminants, such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and veterinary antibiotics. This was done using the hydraulic retention time (HRT), under three temporal conditions (14 h, 18 h, 27 h), using the anaerobic–anoxic–oxic (A2O) process, in an attempt to assess the combined livestock wastewater treatment process where the livestock wastewater is treated until certain levels of water quality are achieved, and then the effluent is discharged to nearby sewage treatment plants for further treatment. The removal efficiencies of veterinary antibiotics, especially oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline, were 86.5–88.8% and 87.9–90.8%, respectively, exhibiting no significant differences under various HRT conditions. The removal efficiency of sulfamethazine was at least 20% higher at HRT = 27 h than at HRT = 14 h, indicating that sulfamethazine was efficiently removed in the A2O process with increased HRT. This study is expected to promote a comprehensive understanding of the behavior and removal of veterinary antibiotics in the livestock wastewater treatment plants of South Korea.

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