scholarly journals Microbial Hydrolysed Feather Protein as a Source of Amino Acids and Protein in the Diets of Animals Including Poultry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Nutritional Enhancement ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Limited Basis

Feathers are hard waste products, mainly composed of hard β-keratin, and are produced in large quantities in commercial poultry processing plants. Therefore, their industrial utilization is important economically as well as environmentally. Feathers degradation through keratinolytic microorganisms has been considered as an important method for efficient bioconversion, nutritional enhancement and eco-friendliness. The use of crude keratinase significantly increased the amino acid digestibility of raw feathers and commercial feather meal. This enzyme increased the digestibility of commercial feather meal and could replace as much as 7% of the dietary protein for growing chicks. However, feathers are currently utilized on a limited basis as a dietary protein supplement for animal feed because feather meal production is an expensive process, requiring significant amounts of energy. This review paper explains the nutritive value of feathers which makes suitable and inexpensive animal and poultry feed.

scholarly journals Molecular Tracking, through Processing, of Campylobacter Strains Colonizing Broiler Flocks

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (16) ◽  
pp. 5722-5729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen T. Elvers ◽  
Victoria K. Morris ◽  
Diane G. Newell ◽  
Vivien M. Allen
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probe ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Molecular Tracking ◽  
Carcass Contamination

ABSTRACTMany of the poultry flocks produced in the United Kingdom are colonized withCampylobacter, and the intensive nature of poultry processing usually results in contaminated carcasses. In this study, a previously reported molecular oligonucleotide probe method was used to track a specific flock-colonizing strain(s) on broiler carcasses during processing in two United Kingdom commercial poultry processing plants. FiveCampylobacter-positive flocks were sampled at four points along the processing line, postbleed, postpluck, prechill, and postchill, and twoCampylobacter-negative flocks processed immediately after positive flocks were sampled prechill.flaAwas sequenced fromCampylobacterstrains isolated from these flocks, and strain-specific probes were synthesized. Skin and cecal samples were plated onto selective agar to give individual colonies, which were transferred onto membranes. These were then hybridized with the strain- and genus-specific probes. For all the 5 positive flocks, there was a significant reduction in campylobacters postbleed compared to postpluck but no subsequent fall on sampling pre- and postchill, and the strain(s) predominating on the carcasses throughout processing came from the flock being processed. This indicates that strains from the abattoir environment were not a significant cause of carcass contamination in flocks with well-established campylobacter colonization. However, negative flocks that were preceded by positive flocks were contaminated by strains that did not generally originate from the predominating strains recovered from the ceca of the previous positive flocks. This suggests that the abattoir environment has a significant role in the contamination of carcasses from negative but not fully colonized flocks.

Evaluation of the Toxicological Risk Associated with the Use of Poly aery lamides in the Recovery of Nutrients from Food Processing Waste (II)

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
LeeAnn Schechter ◽  
Randy Deskin ◽  
Amy Essenfeld ◽  
Bruce Bernard ◽  
Marvin Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Food Processing Waste

Experiments were conducted using radiolabeled acrylamide and liquid scintillation counting methods to determine how acrylamide monomer would partition during the solid/liquid separation and subsequent rendering of a poultry processing waste. Due to its nutritive value, the rendered solids from such a full-scale food processing waste operation could potentially be used as a component of animal feed. Previous studies were unable to directly measure acrylamide in the solids samples after separation. Based on the analytical data herein, ∼1% of the original radiolabel administered to the waste system was detected in the rendered solids. In a full-scale food processing waste operation, this would represent a maximum level of 0.3 ppb acrylamide in the final animal feed with more typical levels, reflecting industry use, being ∼0.05 ppb. These levels are an order of magnitude less than those calculated in the previous experiment, confirming the associated risk as de minimis.

Distribution and Prevalence of Airborne Microorganisms in Three Commercial Poultry Processing Plants

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. WHYTE ◽  
J. D. COLLINS ◽  
K. McGILL ◽  
C. MONAHAN ◽  
H. O'MAHONY
Keyword(s):  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
On Line ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Airborne microbial contaminants and indicator organisms were monitored within three poultry processing plants (plants A, B, and C). In total, 15 cubic feet (c.f.) of air was sampled per location during 15 visits to each plant and quantitatively analyzed for total mesophilic and psychrophilic aerobic counts, thermophilic campylobacters, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacteriaceae. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in air samples was also evaluated. Significant reductions in total aerobic counts were observed between defeathering and evisceration areas of the three plants (P < 0.05). Mesophilic plate counts were highest in the defeathering areas of all plants compared to equivalent psychrophilic plate counts. Enterobacteriaceae counts were highest in the defeathering areas of all three plants with counts of log10 1.63, 1.53, and 1.18 CFU/15 c.f. recovered in plants A, B, and C, respectively. E. coli enumerated from air samples in the defeathering areas exhibited a similar trend to those obtained for Enterobacteriaceae with log10 1.67, 1.58, and 1.18 CFU for plants A, B, and C, respectively. Thermophilic campylobacters were most frequently isolated from samples in the defeathering areas followed by the evisceration areas. The highest mean counts of the organism were observed in plant A at 21 CFU/15 c.f. sample with plants B and C at 9 and 8 CFU/sample, respectively. With the exception of low levels of Enterobacteriaceae recovered from samples in the on-line air chill in plant A, E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, or Campylobacter spp. were not isolated from samples in postevisceration sites in any of the plants examined. Salmonella spp. were not recovered from any samples during the course of the investigation.

scholarly journals The Influence of Welfare Training on Bird Welfare and Carcass Quality in Two Commercial Poultry Primary Processing Plants

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Ellie Wigham ◽  
Andrew Grist ◽  
Siobhan Mullan ◽  
Stephen Wotton ◽  
Andrew Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Welfare Measures

The number of broilers slaughtered globally is increasing. Ensuring acceptable welfare conditions for birds at the time of slaughter is paramount in meeting legislative and retailer specifications, and in producing high quality meat. There is knowledge that welfare training programs for members of the farming and red meat slaughter industry can improve animal welfare measures and product quality, however there is little evidence of the effects of welfare training in poultry processing plants. In our study, a comprehensive welfare training program was introduced to a Costa Rican and a British commercial broiler primary processing plant, both of which slaughter birds by way of neck cut post electrical water bath stunning. The effects of this program on some welfare and product quality measures were investigated, both immediately and six months post training. The welfare measures that showed significant improvements post training included; flapping at shackling, pre-stun shocks, stun parameters and effective neck cut. Product quality measures including broken wings and red pygostyles also improved, however the positive effect of training was not seen in all quality measures. Welfare training does have the potential to improve broiler welfare and product quality at slaughter, and these data could help the development and targeting of future welfare training courses and encourage the uptake of welfare training in the poultry slaughter industry.

scholarly journals Use of Foaming Disinfectants and Cleaners to Reduce Aerobic Bacteria and Salmonella on Poultry Transport Coops

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolee Hinojosa ◽  
David Caldwell ◽  
James Byrd ◽  
Robert Droleskey ◽  
Jason Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressed Air ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Product Application ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Water Rinse

Transport coops are infrequently washed and have been demonstrated to cross-contaminate broiler carcasses. We hypothesized that peracetic acid or a chlorinated cleaner, commonly used within poultry processing plants, can also be used to disinfect transport coops when applied via a compressed air foam system (CAFS). A mixture of fresh layer manure and concentrated Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) was evenly applied to the floors of four pre-cleaned transport coops and allowed to dry for thirty minutes. Treatments consisted of a (1) water rinse only, (2) product application with a water rinse, (3) product application followed by power washing and (4) power washing followed by application of product. Each foaming treatment was applied with a compressed air foam system and allowed 10 min of contact time. Samples were aseptically collected from the transport coops prior to and following treatment using a sterile 2 × 2-inch stainless steel template and a gauze swab pre-enriched with buffered peptone water. The chlorinated cleaner significantly (p < 0.05) reduced aerobic bacteria and ST by 3.18 to 4.84 logs across application methods. The peroxyacetic acid (PAA) disinfectant significantly (p < 0.05) reduced aerobic bacteria and ST by 3.99 to 5.17 logs across application methods. These data indicate that a compressed air foam system may be used in combination with a commercially available cleaner or disinfectant to reduce aerobic bacteria and ST on the surfaces of commercial poultry transport coops.

Utilization of Turkey Feather Fibers in Erosion Control Materials

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. George ◽  
Anne Bockarie ◽  
Holly McBride
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Feather Fibers ◽  
Poultry Processing

Currently, between two and four billion pounds of feathers are produced annually by the poultry processing industry. These feathers are usually converted to animal feed in an attempt to recycle it rather than dispose of them in landfills. However, this method can result in diseases being passed along to the ingestors of this feather meal. Until recently there was no method of removing the quill from feather, but a method of effectively stripping the feather fibers from the quill without damaging the fibers has been patented, and as a result research is being conducted to determine uses for these fibers. Current research has focused on creating nonwoven latex bonded fabrics containing turkey feather fibers for utilization as erosion control fabrics. These fabrics have been compared with currently available erosion control fabrics to determine their suitability for this particular purpose.

scholarly journals Genotypic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella spp. Strains from Three Poultry Processing Plants in Colombia

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Alejandra Ramirez-Hernandez ◽  
Ana K. Carrascal-Camacho ◽  
Andrea Varón-García ◽  
Mindy M. Brashears ◽  
Marcos X. Sanchez-Plata
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sequence Types

The poultry industry in Colombia has implemented several changes and measures in chicken processing to improve sanitary operations and control pathogens’ prevalence. However, there is no official in-plant microbial profile reference data currently available throughout the processing value chains. Hence, this research aimed to study the microbial profiles and the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in three plants. In total, 300 samples were collected in seven processing sites. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. and levels of Enterobacteriaceae were assessed. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing was conducted to characterize the isolated strains genotypically. Overall, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in each establishment was 77%, 58% and 80% for plant A, B, and C. The mean levels of Enterobacteriaceae in the chicken rinsates were 5.03, 5.74, and 6.41 log CFU/mL for plant A, B, and C. Significant reductions were identified in the counts of post-chilling rinsate samples; however, increased levels were found in chicken parts. There were six distinct Salmonella spp. clusters with the predominant sequence types ST32 and ST28. The serotypes Infantis (54%) and Paratyphi B (25%) were the most commonly identified within the processing plants with a high abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes.

Selective pre-enrichment method to lessen time needed to recover Salmonella from commercial poultry processing samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 103818
Author(s):  
Surendra Rasamsetti ◽  
Mark Berrang ◽  
Nelson A. Cox ◽  
Nikki W. Shariat
Keyword(s):  
Enrichment Method ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Commercial Poultry

Feasibility of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Wagner ◽  
S. Ramaswamy ◽  
U. Tschirner
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
On Farm ◽  
And Storage

AbstractA pre-economic feasibility study was undertaken to determine the potential of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota. Specifically, utilizing straw for pulp and paper manufacture was of interest. The availability of cereal straw fiber supplies at various locations across the state of Minnesota, along with pre-processing issues such as transportation, harvesting, handling, and storage, are discussed and priced. The greatest economic advantage of straw for industrial use appears to be the low cost of the raw material compared to traditional raw materials. This also provides an excellent opportunity for additional income for farmers. The methodology and information provided here should be helpful in evaluating the feasibility of utilizing straw for other industrial purposes in other parts of the world. However, in some Third World countries, long-standing on-farm, traditional uses of cereal straws for fuel, fiber, and animal feed may limit their availability for industrial utilization.

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