Role of Red Palm Oil in Male Obesity and Infertility Prevention

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.5772/intechopen.98393 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Folorunso A. Olabiyi ◽

Yapo G. Aboua ◽

Thomas K. Monsees

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Male Fertility ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Red Palm Oil

The African continent has wide, varied, and rich plant diversity due to its climate. Some of these plants and their products have received tremendous attention due to their benefits in treating and managing ailments that plagues humanity. Red palm oil (RPO) is one of such natural products that have immense nutritional value with ability to ameliorate cardiac- and reproductive-related disorders. In this review article, the current knowledge on the potential of RPO as a phytomedicine to lessen or even prevent the negative impact of obesity on general health status and male fertility was evaluated. This study was done using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Web of Science. The study revealed some controversies and inconsistent reports on the effect of RPO on obesity and male fertility which needs further research using appropriate experimental models of obesity. Obesity is known to disrupt male fertility by causing changes to the hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal axis, thus impairing steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. As spermatozoa are extremely sensitive towards oxidative stress, a carefully balanced daily supplementation of normal diet with antioxidant-rich RPO might be useful to protect spermatozoa and preserving male fertility. RPO was shown to be useful to protect against or ameliorate toxin- or medical condition-induced male infertility. Also, RPO is packed with powerful antioxidants like carotenoids and vitamin E which helps to prevent cell damage. However, its role in obesity prevention remains a debate.

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The Neuroinflammatory Role of Pericytes in Epilepsy

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9070759 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 759

Author(s):

Gaku Yamanaka ◽

Fuyuko Takata ◽

Yasufumi Kataoka ◽

Kanako Kanou ◽

Shinichiro Morichi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Neurovascular Unit ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Intractable Epilepsy ◽

In Vivo Studies

Pericytes are a component of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) neurovascular unit, in which they play a crucial role in BBB integrity and are also implicated in neuroinflammation. The association between pericytes, BBB dysfunction, and the pathophysiology of epilepsy has been investigated, and links between epilepsy and pericytes have been identified. Here, we review current knowledge about the role of pericytes in epilepsy. Clinical evidence has shown an accumulation of pericytes with altered morphology in the cerebral vascular territories of patients with intractable epilepsy. In vitro, proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6, cause morphological changes in human-derived pericytes, where IL-6 leads to cell damage. Experimental studies using epileptic animal models have shown that cerebrovascular pericytes undergo redistribution and remodeling, potentially contributing to BBB permeability. These series of pericyte-related modifications are promoted by proinflammatory cytokines, of which the most pronounced alterations are caused by IL-1β, a cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Furthermore, the pericyte-glial scarring process in leaky capillaries was detected in the hippocampus during seizure progression. In addition, pericytes respond more sensitively to proinflammatory cytokines than microglia and can also activate microglia. Thus, pericytes may function as sensors of the inflammatory response. Finally, both in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the potential of pericytes as a therapeutic target for seizure disorders.

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Pharmacological Rationale for Targeting IL-17 in Asthma

Frontiers in Allergy ◽

10.3389/falgy.2021.694514 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Siti Farah Rahmawati ◽

Maurice te Velde ◽

Huib A. M. Kerstjens ◽

Alexander S. S. Dömling ◽

Matthew Robert Groves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Asthma ◽

Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Airflow Limitation ◽

Interleukin 17 ◽

Asthma Phenotype ◽

T Helper 2 ◽

Bronchial Biopsies

Asthma is a respiratory disease that currently affects around 300 million people worldwide and is defined by coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, mucus overproduction, chest tightness, and expiratory airflow limitation. Increased levels of interleukin 17 (IL-17) have been observed in sputum, nasal and bronchial biopsies, and serum of patients with asthma compared to healthy controls. Patients with higher levels of IL-17 have a more severe asthma phenotype. Biologics are available for T helper 2 (Th2)-high asthmatics, but the Th17-high subpopulation has a relatively low response to these treatments, rendering it a rather severe asthma phenotype to treat. Several experimental models suggest that targeting the IL-17 pathway may be beneficial in asthma. Moreover, as increased activation of the Th17/IL-17 axis is correlated with reduced inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) sensitivity, targeting the IL-17 pathway might reverse ICS unresponsiveness. In this review, we present and discuss the current knowledge on the role of IL-17 in asthma and its interaction with the Th2 pathway, focusing on the rationale for therapeutic targeting of the IL-17 pathway.

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The role of gambeir filtrate and red palm oil in the formation of canna starch based-functional edible film

Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.5219/1580 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 869-876

Author(s):

Budi Santoso ◽

Doni Andrian Saragih ◽

Gatot Priyanto ◽

Hermanto Hermanto

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Edible Films ◽

Edible Film ◽

Water Vapor Transmission Rate ◽

Red Palm Oil ◽

Water Vapor Transmission ◽

Elongation Percentage

This study aims to analyze the role of gambier filtrate and red palm oil in the formation of functional edible film and to determine whether the gambier filtrate and red palm oil are synergistic or antagonistic in the formation of functional edible films. The study design used a factorial randomized block design with two treatment factors and each treatment consisted of three levels, namely: gambier filtrate concentration (A): 20, 30, and 40% (v/v) as well as red palm oil concentration (B): 1.2 and 3% (v/v). The observed parameters were thickness, elongation percentage, water vapor transmission rate, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity. Gambier filtrate and red palm oil were capable to improve the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of canna starch-based edible film. Gambier filtrate plays a role in increasing the elongation percentage, thickness, and water vapor transmission rate of edible film.

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Role of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in the Pathophysiology of Typical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2007.172 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1155-1164 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Ramón A. Exeni ◽

Gabriela C. Fernández ◽

Marina S. Palermo

Keyword(s):

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Pathogenic Factor ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Uremic Syndrome

Thrombotic microangiopathy and acute renal failure are cardinal features of post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). These conditions are related to endothelial and epithelial cell damage induced by Shiga toxin (Stx), through an interaction with its globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) receptor. Although, Stx is the main pathogenic factor and necessary for HUS development, clinical and experimental evidence suggest that the inflammatory response is able to potentiate Stx toxicity. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and neutrophils (PMN) represent two central components of inflammation during a Gram-negative infection. In this regard, patients with high peripheral PMN counts at presentation have a poor prognosis. In the present review, we discuss the contribution of experimental models and patient's studies in an attempt to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of HUS.

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Nanoparticles—Plant Interaction: What We Know, Where We Are?

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11125473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5473

Author(s):

Ewa Kurczyńska ◽

Kamila Godel-Jędrychowska ◽

Katarzyna Sala ◽

Anna Milewska-Hendel

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Future Studies ◽

Plant Interaction ◽

Plant Body

In recent years; the interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with plants has been intensively studied. Therefore, more and more aspects related to both the positive and negative impact of NP on plants are well described. This article focuses on two aspects of NP interaction with plants. The first is a summary of the current knowledge on NP migration through the roots into the plant body, in particular, the role of the cell wall. The second aspect summarizes the current knowledge of the participation of the symplast, including the plasmodesmata (PD), in the movement of NP within the plant body. We highlight the gaps in our knowledge of the plant–NP interactions; paying attention to the need for future studies to explain the mechanisms that regulate the composition of the cell wall and the functioning of the PD under the influence of NP.

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Protection against ischaemia/reperfusion: role of the farnesol and red palm oil

10.14232/phd.1992 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Gergő Szűcs

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Red Palm Oil ◽

Ischaemia Reperfusion

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Role of toll-like receptors in systemic sclerosis

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1017/erm.2013.10 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Marzena Ciechomska ◽

Rachel Cant ◽

James Finnigan ◽

Jacob M. van Laar ◽

Steven O'Reilly

Keyword(s):

Systemic Sclerosis ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Gene Signature ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Toll Like Receptors ◽

Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Intracellular Signalling Pathways

Accumulative evidence demonstrates the crucial role of evolutionary conserved Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in identifying microbial or viral compounds. TLRs are also able to recognise endogenous molecules which are released upon cell damage or stress and have been shown to play a key role in numerous autoimmune diseases including systemic sclerosis (SSc). A classic feature of SSc, is vascular injury manifested as Raynaud's phenomenon and ischaemia of the skin, resulting in the release of endogenous TLR ligands during inflammation and local tissue damage. These locally released TLR ligands bind TLRs possibly complexed to autoantibodies, and initiate intracellular signalling pathways and may be one of the mechanisms that initiate and drive autoimmunity and subsequent fibrosis. Activation of the immune system results in interferon (IFN) sensitive gene transcription. There is also an IFN gene signature in SSc peripheral blood. TLRs may represent the link between immune activation, common in SSc, and tissue fibrosis. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms of TLR-mediated pathogenesis and therapies targeting individual TLRs, may provide a more specific approach of treating multi-systemic autoimmune diseases. This review aims to integrate the current knowledge of TLR function in the autoimmune disorders with particular emphasis on SSc. We suggest the TLR system as a new therapeutic target.

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Herbal Medicines for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Current Scenario and Future Prospects

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/648308 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Ravirajsinh Jadeja ◽

Ranjitsinh V. Devkar ◽

Srinivas Nammi

Keyword(s):

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Treatment Schedule ◽

Herbal Extracts ◽

Current Scenario

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a multifactorial disease and has close correlations with other metabolic disorders. This makes its treatment difficult using a single pharmacological drug. Use of plant extract/decoction or polyherbal formulation to treat various liver diseases is very well mentioned in various traditional systems of medicine (Ayurveda, Japanese or traditional Chinese Medicine, and Kampo medicine). Medicinal herbs are known for their multifaceted implications and thus can form an effective treatment schedule against NASH. Till date, several plant extracts, polyherbal formulations, and phytochemicals have been evaluated for their possible therapeutic potential in preventing onset and progression of NASH in experimental models, but clinical studies using the same are sparse. Herbal extracts with antioxidants, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic properties have been shown to ameliorate symptoms of NASH. This review article is a meticulous compilation of our current knowledge on the role of natural products in alleviating NASH and possible lacunae in research that needs to be addressed.

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Translating Recent Microbiome Insights in Otitis Media into Probiotic Strategies

Clinical Microbiology Reviews ◽

10.1128/cmr.00010-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marianne F. L. van den Broek ◽

Ilke De Boeck ◽

Filip Kiekens ◽

An Boudewyns ◽

Olivier M. Vanderveken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Content Type ◽

Beneficial Action ◽

Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽

Clinical Potential

SUMMARYThe microbiota of the upper respiratory tract (URT) protects the host from bacterial pathogenic colonization by competing for adherence to epithelial cells and by immune response regulation that includes the activation of antimicrobial and (anti-)inflammatory components. However, environmental or host factors can modify the microbiota to an unstable community that predisposes the host to infection or inflammation. One of the URT diseases most often encountered in children is otitis media (OM). The role of pathogenic bacteria likeStreptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae, andMoraxella catarrhalisin the pathogenesis of OM is well documented. Results from next-generation-sequencing (NGS) studies reveal other bacterial taxa involved in OM, such asTuricellaandAlloiococcus. Such studies can also identify bacterial taxa that are potentially protective against URT infections, whose beneficial action needs to be substantiated in relevant experimental models and clinical trials. Of note, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are members of the URT microbiota and associated with a URT ecosystem that is deemed healthy, based on NGS and some experimental and clinical studies. These observations have formed the basis of this review, in which we describe the current knowledge of the molecular and clinical potential of LAB in the URT, which is currently underexplored in microbiome and probiotic research.

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