scholarly journals Expansion in Cultivating Almond Trees in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Sami Abourayya ◽  
E.K. Nabila
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Monthly Temperature ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Market Needs

Egypt spends a lot of hard currency annually to import nut fruits (almond- walnut and pistachio) to apply market needs of these crops especially in Ramadan month. It is known that there are wide uncultivated areas in Sinai despite of its suitability for cultivation. Cultivating nut trees can share in development of Sinai. There are scarcity of these trees in Egypt in spite of the relevance of environmental conditions for growing almond trees in different regions. Since the last 25 years I and a group of scientists studied the possibility of achieving self sufficiency of almond by cultivating in Sinai Peninsula and different regions after carrying out climatic, economical, water requirements, nutrition and genetic studies. Many fruit trees require cold temperatures during the winter to overcome their seasonal dormancy.() Most fruit species that evolved in temperate or cool subtropical climates have such chilling requirements that need to be fulfilled each winter to achieve homogeneous and simultaneous flowering and regular crop yields. Coldness. (). Monthly historical data of minimum temperature from Central laborator for Agricultural climate of four districts were analyzed in order to determine the changes in minimum temperature from October to February during the period from 2001 to 2010. Understanding monthly temperature changes from October to February during the period 2001–2010 was the first step in carrying out this study. The highest minimum temperature was found during 2010 year during the studied period in the October month for all districts except in November and December, the highest minimum temperature was observed in the year of 2009. Saint Catherine district was the lowest minimum temperature in all months during the studied period. Understanding average monthly temperature trends of the studied time serious from 2001 to 2010 was the second step in carrying out this study. October month was the highest values of minimum temperature and January was the lowest value of minimum temperature at the four districts. The highest and lowest values for temperature were found in Ras Sudr and Saint Catherine respectively. The third step in carrying out this study is to understanding the annual trend of minimum temperature for the period 2001–2010 at the Suez, Ras Sudr, El Tur and Saint Catherine districts. Data shows the average annual minimum temperature at the four districts during the years from 2001 up to 2010 and it can be observed that, Ras Sudr district has the highest average annual minimum temperature while Saint Catherine has the lowest one among the studied districts. It can be concluded that the carried out climatic studies, estimate the irrigation water requirements of almond trees and genetic studies help in solving the problem of achieving self sufficiency of almond fruits through expansion of cultivating almond trees in Egypt.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Evolution of Fractional Vegetation Cover and Its Response to Climate Change Based on MODIS Data in the Subtropical Region of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Hua Liu ◽  
Xuejian Li ◽  
Fangjie Mao ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Di’en Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Fractional Vegetation Cover ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature ◽  
Total Study Area

The subtropical vegetation plays an important role in maintaining the structure and function of global ecosystems, and its contribution to the global carbon balance are receiving increasing attention. The fractional vegetation cover (FVC) as an important indicator for monitoring environment change, is widely used to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of regional and even global vegetation. China is an important distribution area of subtropical vegetation. Therefore, we first used the dimidiate pixel model to extract the subtropical FVC of China during 2001–2018 based on MODIS land surface reflectance data, and then used the linear regression analysis and the variation coefficient to explore its spatiotemporal variations characteristics. Finally, the partial correlation analysis and the partial derivative model were used to analyze the influences and contributions of climate factors on FVC, respectively. The results showed that (1) the subtropical FVC had obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity; the FVC high-coverage and medium-coverage zones were concentratedly and their combined area accounted for more than 70% of the total study area. (2) The interannual variation in the average subtropical FVC from 2001 to 2018 showed a significant growth trend. (3) In 76.28% of the study area, the regional FVC showed an increasing trend, and the remaining regional FVC showed a decreasing trend. However, the overall fluctuations in the FVC (increasing or decreasing) in the region were relatively stable. (4) The influences of climate factors to the FVC exhibited obvious spatial differences. More than half of all pixels exhibited the influence of the average annual minimum temperature and the annual precipitation had positive on FVC, while the average annual maximum temperature had negative on FVC. (5) The contributions of climate changes to FVC had obvious heterogeneity, and the average annual minimum temperature was the main contribution factor affecting the dynamic variations of FVC.

Estimating rice water requirements in the Lis Valley (Portugal) using remote sensing platforms: preliminary results for the 2020 cultivation season

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeu G. Jorge ◽  
Isabel P. de Lima ◽  
João L.M.P. de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Sentinel 2A ◽  
Rice Water

<p>In irrigated agricultural areas, where the availability of water for irrigation does not rely on any water storage, water management requires special attention, in particular under large annual and inter-annual variability in the hydrological regime and the uncertainty of climate change. The inherent increased vulnerability of the agro-ecosystem, makes the monitoring of crop conditions and water requirements a valuable tool for improving water use efficiency and, therefore, crop yields.</p><p>This presentation focus on one such agricultural area, located in the Lis Valley (Centre of Portugal), which is a rather vulnerable area also facing drainage and salinity problems. The study aims at contributing to better characterizing the temporal and spatial distribution of rice water requirements during the growing season. Irrigation water sources are the Lis River and its tributaries, which discharges depend directly from precipitation. The most important problems of water distribution in the Lis Valley irrigation district are water shortage and poor water quality in the dry summer period, aggravated by limitations of the irrigation and drainage systems that date back to the end of the 1950’s.</p><p>We report preliminary results on using remote sensing data to better understand rice cropping local conditions, obtained within project GO Lis (PDR2020-101-030913) and project MEDWATERICE (PRIMA/0006/2018). Rice irrigation is traditionally conducted applying continuous flooding, which requires much more irrigation water than non-ponded crops, and therefore needs special attention. In particular, data obtained from satellite Sentinel-2A land surface imagery are compared with data obtained using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Data for rice cultivated areas during the 2020 cultivation season, together with weather and crop parameters, are used to calculate biophysical indicators and indices of water stress in the vegetation. Actual crop evapotranspiration was appraised with remote sensing based estimates of the crop coefficient (Kc) and used to assess rice water requirements. Procedures and methodologies to estimate Kc were tested, namely those based on vegetation indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Results are discussed bearing in mind the usefulness of the diverse tools, based on different resolution data (Sentinel-2A and UAV), for improving the understanding of the impacts of irrigation practices on crop yield and main challenges of rice production and water management in the Lis Valley irrigation district.</p>

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal analysis of rabies in cattle in central Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Bárcenas-Reyes ◽  
Diana Paulina Nieves-Martínez ◽  
José Quintín Cuador-Gil ◽  
Elizabeth Loza-Rubio ◽  
Sara González-Ruíz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Spatial Epidemiology ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Simple Kriging ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature

Spatial epidemiology of bat-transmitted rabies in cattle has been limited to spatial distribution of cases, an approach that does not identify hidden patterns and the spread resulting in outbreaks in endemic and susceptible areas. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the three variables average annual maximum, annual minimum temperature and precipitation in the region on the one hand, and the spatial distribution of cases on the other, using geographic information systems and co-Kriging considering that these environmental variables condition the existence of the rabies vector Desmodus rotundus. A stationary behaviour between the primary and the secondary variables was verified by basic statistics and moving window statistics. The directions of greater and lesser spatial continuity were determined by experimental cross-semivariograms. It was found that the highest risk for bovine paralytic rabies occurs in areas known as La Huasteca Potosina and La Sierra Gorda that are characterized by a maximum temperature of 29.5 °C, a minimum temperature of 16.5 °C and precipitation of 1200 mm. A risk estimation map was obtained for the presence of rabies with a determination coefficient greater than 95%, and a correlation coefficient greater than 0.95. Our conclusion is that ordinary co- Kriging provides a better estimation of risk and spatial distribution of rabies than simple Kriging, making this the method recommended for risk estimation and regional distribution of rabies.

scholarly journals Potential for Food Self-Sufficiency Improvements through Indoor and Vertical Farming in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Challenges and Opportunities from the Case of Kuwait

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12553
Author(s):  
Meshal J. Abdullah ◽  
Zhengyang Zhang ◽  
Kazuyo Matsubae
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The State Of Kuwait ◽  
Imported Foods

The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are considered food secure due to their ability to import sufficient food to meet their populations’ demand, despite considerable environmental limitations to conventional agriculture. However, over-reliance on externally produced food leaves these countries vulnerable to food shortages during crises that disrupt international production and shipping. Advanced Controlled Environment Agriculture technology has the potential to improve food self-sufficiency by multiplying vegetable crop yields while optimizing efficiency of agricultural inputs and minimizing land requirements. This paper demonstrates how approximately 15 km2 of indoor farms or less than 0.1 km2 of vertical farms could reduce or eliminate the need to import six important vegetable crops in the State of Kuwait. If properly contextualized and supported by clear legislation and well-managed regulatory bodies, indoor agriculture initiatives may provide a pathway for GCC countries to reduce their dependence on imported foods and increase resilience to food supply disruption during disasters or conflict. This case study contextualizes the need for improved food self-sufficiency in light of vulnerabilities from regional and global threats, illuminates unique challenges faced by GCC countries considering adoption of the proposed technologies, and summarizes opportunities inherent in the current legal and policy framework.

scholarly journals TENDÊNCIAS DA TEMPERATURA ANUAL NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-551
Author(s):  
Roberta Araújo Silva ◽  
Eduardo Silva Ries ◽  
Girlene Figueiredo Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The State ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

Neste trabalho foram investigadas as tendências anuais de temperatura absoluta do ar máxima e mínima de seis estações meteorológicas convencionais do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia – INMET, localizadas no estado do Tocantins, para o período de 1961 a 2017. A análise de tendência foi realizada aplicando o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Kendall. Os resultados indicam tendência significativa de aumento da temperatura máxima anual em todas as estações. A temperatura mínima anual também apresentou tendência positiva, porém com significância estatística apenas para as estações de Porto Nacional, Palmas e Taguatinga. Embora haja diferenças nas tendências entre as estações, verificou-se um aumento sistemático da temperatura máxima e mínima, especialmente a partir da década de 90. A maior taxa de crescimento da temperatura foi registrada na estação de Palmas, de 4,14 °C para a mínima e de 3,68 °C para a máxima, em um período de 23 anos. O aumento da temperatura mínima encontrados nesse trabalho evidencia que essas cidades estão passando por um processo de maior retenção de energia na forma de calor sensível durante a noite, possivelmente devido a substituição da cobertura da superfície terrestre, devido a maior dificuldade da troca de energia entre a superfície e a atmosfera. Palavras-chave: Mann-Kendall; detecção de tendências; mudanças climáticas.   ANNUAL TEMPERATURE TRENDS IN THE STATE OF TOCANTINS ABSTRACT: In this work, the annual trends in absolute and maximum air temperature of six conventional meteorological stations of the National Institute of Meteorology - INMET, located in the state of Tocantins, for the period from 1961 to 2017 were investigated. The trend analysis was performed using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test. The results indicate a significant trend of increasing the maximum annual temperature in all seasons. The annual minimum temperature also showed a positive trend, but with statistical significance only for the Porto Nacional, Palmas and Taguatinga stations. Although there are differences in trends between seasons, there was a systematic increase in maximum and minimum temperature, especially from the 90s. The highest rate of temperature growth was registered at Palmas station, from 4.14° C to the minimum and 3.68° C for the maximum, over a period of 23 years. The increase in the minimum temperature found in this work shows that these cities are going through a process of greater energy retention in the form of sensitive heat during the night, possibly due to the replacement of the Earth's surface coverage, due to the greater difficulty in exchanging energy between the surface and the atmosphere. Keywords: Mann-Kendall; trend detection; climate changes.

scholarly journals Assessing Crop Water Requirements and a Case for Renewable-Energy-Powered Pumping System for Wheat, Cotton, and Sorghum Crops in Sudan

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8133
Author(s):  
Zafar A. Khan ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Jamal Umer ◽  
Saeed Ahmed ◽  
Ogheneruona E. Diemuodeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Crop Water Requirements

Climate change is changing global weather patterns, with an increase in droughts expected to impact crop yields due to water scarcity. Crops can be provided with water via underground pumping systems to mitigate water shortages. However, the energy required to pump water tends to be expensive and hazardous to the environment. This paper explores different sites in Sudan to assess the crop water requirements as the first stage of developing renewable energy sources based on water pumping systems. The crop water requirements are calculated for different crops using the CROPWAT and CLIMWAT simulation tools from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. Further, the crop water requirements are translated into electrical energy requirements. Accurate calculations of the energy needed will help in developing cost-effective energy systems that can help in improving yields and reducing carbon emissions. The results suggest that the northern regions tend to have higher energy demands and that the potential for renewable energy should be explored in these regions, which are more susceptible to drought and where crops tend to be under higher stress due to adverse climate conditions.

scholarly journals Long term monthly and inter-seasonal weather variability analysis for the lower Shivalik foothills of Punjab

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
NAVNEET KAUR ◽  
M.J. SINGH ◽  
SUKHJEET KAUR
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature ◽  
Weather Parameters

This paper aims to study the long-term trends in different weather parameters, i.e., temperature, rainfall, rainy days, sunshine hours, evaporation, relative humidity and temperature over Lower Shivalik foothills of Punjab. The daily weather data of about 35 years from agrometeorological observatory of Regional Research Station Ballowal Saunkhri representing Lower Shivalik foothills had been used for trend analysis for kharif (May - October), rabi (November - April), winter (January - February), pre-monsoon (March - May), monsoon (June - September) and post monsoon (October - December) season. The linear regression method has been used to estimate the magnitude of change per year and its coefficient of determination, whose statistical significance was checked by the F test. The annual maximum temperature, morning and evening relative humidity has increased whereas rainfall, evaporation sunshine hours and wind speed has decreased significantly at this region. No significant change in annual minimum temperature and diurnal range has been observed. Monthly maximum temperature revealed significant increase except January, June and December, whereas, monthly minimum temperature increased significantly for February, March and October and decreased for June. Among different seasons, maximum temperature increased significantly for all seasons except winter season, whereas, minimum temperature increased significantly for kharif and post monsoon season only. The evaporation, sunshine hours and wind speed have also decreased and relative humidity decreased significantly at this region. Significant reduction in kharif, monsoon and post monsoon rainfall has been observed at Lower Shivalik foothills. As the region lacks assured irrigation facilities so decreasing rainfall and change in the other weather parameters will have profound effects on the agriculture in this region so there is need to develop climate resilient agricultural technologies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document