scholarly journals Industrial Applications of Cyanobacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Algade Amadu ◽  
Kweku Amoako Atta deGraft-Johnson ◽  
Gabriel Komla Ameka
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
Complex Organic

Cyanobacteria also known as blue-green algae are oxygenic photoautotrophs, which evolved ca. 3.5 billion years ago. Because cyanobacteria are rich sources of bioactive compounds, they have diverse industrial applications such as algaecides, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal agents, hence, their wide use in the agricultural and health sectors. Cyanobacterial secondary metabolites are also important sources of enzymes, toxins, vitamins, and other pharmaceuticals. Polyhydroxy- alkanoates (PHA) which accumulate intracellularly in some cyanobacteria species can be used in the production of bioplastics that have properties comparable to polypropylene and polyethylene. Some cyanobacteria are also employed in bioremediation as they are capable of oxidizing oil components and other complex organic compounds. There are many more possible industrial applications of cyanobacteria such as biofuel, biofertilizer, food, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, the metabolic pathways that lead to the production of important cyanobacterial bioactive compounds are outlined in the chapter along with commercial products currently available on the market.

scholarly journals PHARMACEUTICAL POTENTIAL OF LABORATORY GROWN CULTURES OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND FUTURE POSSIBILITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-571
Author(s):  
Ritu Chauhan ◽  
◽  
Abhishek Chauhan ◽  
Ashutosh Tripathi ◽  
Anuj Ranjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Algal Group ◽  
Diverse Application

COVID-19 pandemic has taught the world researchers the urgent need for new sources and novel pharmaceuticals not only for existing diseases but also for both seasonal epidemics and future pandemics. Pharmaceutical drug discoveries for the past fifty years depended deeply on the procedure of empirical transmission of a huge number of pure bioactive compounds to provide new leads. The screening of extracts or isolating compounds is a common way to discover novel biologically active molecules. Most of the valuable Blue-Green algal metabolites are concentrated in their biomass. For existence in nature, Blue-Green algae (BGA) secrete and contain various organic substances like proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, pigments, primary and secondary metabolites, and these compounds are explored for potential biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral (including the anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19), anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, protease inhibitory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, etc. Due to their diverse application, pharmaceutical companies have shown commercial interest in the Blue-green algal group for the discovery and development of novel molecules to combat deadly diseases for the benefit of society and mankind. The current review paper highlights and discusses the diverse pharmaceutical potential of laboratory-grown cultures of BGA along with comprehensive and current knowledge on bioactive compounds discovered by researchers globally.

Volatile Compounds of the Cyanophyceae – A Review

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P Slater ◽  
Vivian C Blok
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Green Algal

A relationship between blue-green algae and off-flavours in water was reported as early as 1883. Continuing research has shown that two metabolites, geosmin and methylisoborneol are major contributors to unpalatable flavours in water and aquatic organisms. Many instances of the co-occurrence of these two compounds and dense blooms of blue-green algae have been recorded. Cultures of Anabaena, Lyngbya, Osciiiatoria, and Sympioca species have been shown to produce geosmin or methylisoborneol while blooms of Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Microcystis, Oscillatoria, and Gomphosphaeria have been found in water containing geosmin or the odour of this compound. Actinomycetes have also been shown to produce these two compounds. In addition to geosmin and methylisoborneol, there is evidence that several other blue-green algal metabolites contribute to aquatic taste and odour problems. Among them is β-cyclocitral which has a distinctive tobacco flavour. Blue-green algae produce a variety of organic compounds including hydrocarbons, fatty acids, aromatics, ketones, terpenoids, amines and Sulfides which could contribute to the over-all flavour of water and aquatic organisms.

Heterotrophic potential of Phormidium and other blue-green algae

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2369-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Axenic Cultures ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
Olive Green

Several algal types were tested for the ability to assimilate a variety of organic compounds including glucose, sucrose, glycerol, acetate, and a variety of amino acids. Axenic cultures of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Cricosphaera sp., and Dunaliella tertiolecta failed to take up any of the compounds tested. Axenic cultures of the filamentous blue-green algae Phormidium sp. and Lyngbya sp. took up all of the test substrates, as did the "olive-green cells" (a non-bacteria-free sample of marine algal cells described as olive-green cells by other workers). The results of experiments to determine uptake rates over the range 10−7 to 10−3 molar substrate, rates of uptake at 18, 24, and 32C, and rates of uptake in the presence of the metabolic inhibitors dinitrophenol (DNP) and carbanyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) indicated that uptake of the organic compounds tested by the filamentous blue-green algae tested is not by an active transport mechanism.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency of diesel engines in the oil and gas industry when transferred to alternative fuels

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
S. І. Kryshtopa ◽  
L. І. Kryshtopa ◽  
М. М. Hnyp ◽  
І. М. Mykytii
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Blue Green Algae

This article considers usage of blue-green algae as biomaterials for creation of motor biofuels. Proliferation of blue-green algae leads to water rotting, destruction of aquatic ecosystems and destruction of rivers and lakes that is why clearing of water bodies from blue-green algae is an urgent task. The object of the study is effect of blended biodiesel fuels from blue-green algae on the environmental and energy performances for the diesel engine. The purpose of the work is experimental study of changes of power and ecological characteristics of automobile diesel engines using petroleum diesel and their mixtures with biofuels derived from blue-green algae. Methods of research are experimental, laboratory ones. Laboratory researches were carried out on an experimental installation based on the serial diesel engine D21A1. As a result of performed experimental researches dependences of changing of the effective engine power on the use of diesel fuel and a mixture of diesel fuel with the received bioactive supplements based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20 % were established. It has been experimentally established that the effective power of an engine using a mixture of diesel fuel with the derived bioactive compounds based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20 % will decrease by an average of 0,9, 1,8 and 3,5 %. It has been experimentally determined that the content of carbon monoxide in the use of a mixture of diesel fuel with the derived bioactive compounds based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20 % will decrease by an average of 6,5, 13,9 and 28,7 %. The obtained results allow to optimize the choice of fuels for power systems of internal combustion engines and to reduce emissions of harmful substances in exhaust gases of automobile diesel engines.

scholarly journals The Photoassimilation of Organic Compounds by Autotrophic Blue-green Algae

1967 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Hoare ◽  
S. L. Hoare ◽  
R. B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Blue Green Algae

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF DIESEL ENGINE INDICATORS WORKING ON THE MIXTURES OF BIODIESEL FUELS RECEIVED FROM BLUE-GREEN ALGAE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (46) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Kryzhanivskyi Y ◽  
◽  
Kryshtopa S ◽  
Kryshtopa L ◽  
Hnyp M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

This article considers usage of blue-green algae as biomaterials for creation of motor biofuels. The object of the study is effect of blended biodiesel fuels from blue-green algae on the environmental and energy performances for the diesel engine. The purpose of the work is experimental study of changes of power and ecological characteristics of automobile diesel engines using petroleum diesel and their mixtures with biofuels derived from blue-green algae. Methods of research are experimental, laboratory ones. As a result of performed experimental researches dependences of changing of the effective engine power on the use of diesel fuel and a mixture of diesel fuel with the received bioactive supplements based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20% were established. It has been experimentally established that the effective power of an engine using a mixture of diesel fuel with the derived bioactive compounds based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20% will decrease by an average of 0,9, 1,8 and 3,5 %. It has been experimentally determined that the content of carbon monoxide in the use of a mixture of diesel fuel with the derived bioactive compounds based on methyl esters of the lipid fraction of blue-green algae Chroococcfles in the amount of 5, 10 and 20 % will decrease by an average of 6,5, 13,9 and 28,7 %. The obtained results allow to optimize the choice of fuels for power systems of internal combustion engines and to reduce emissions of harmful substances in exhaust gases of automobile diesel engines. KEY WORDS: BIOFUELS, DIESEL ENGINE, ALGAE, POWERFUL CHARACTERISTICS, ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS.

5. Microbial engines of the coral reef

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Charles Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Species Groups

The symbiosis between corals and the dinoflagellates—zooxanthellae—is the key to a tight recycling of nutrients on reefs that generally thrive best in nutrient poor parts of the oceans. But several other mechanisms and species groups aid transmission of organic matter and energy along the numerous food chains of a reef. Viruses, bacteria, and archaea are key to the recycling of carbon and organic compounds, making the ‘microbial loop’, one key but invisible aspect to how the reef functions. Cyanobacteria, formerly blue-green algae, are a major part of the micro-benthos too, and are important primary producers. Protists are also hugely abundant—larger, single-celled organisms which are eukaryotes with cells with nuclei, and this group has species that exist in planktonic and benthic forms. Foraminifera are important protists, being abundant and having calcareous tests, so that they are significant sand producers in some areas. Finally, zooplankton provide food for numerous reef species, and indeed larvae from all species form part of the plankton temporarily too.

Freeze-Fracture Replication in the Ultrastructure of Blue-Green Algae

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
L. V. Leak
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Photosynthetic Membranes ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Cellular Components

Electron microscopic observations of freeze-fracture replicas of Anabaena cells obtained by the procedures described by Bullivant and Ames (J. Cell Biol., 1966) indicate that the frozen cells are fractured in many different planes. This fracturing or cleaving along various planes allows one to gain a three dimensional relation of the cellular components as a result of such a manipulation. When replicas that are obtained by the freeze-fracture method are observed in the electron microscope, cross fractures of the cell wall and membranes that comprise the photosynthetic lamellae are apparent as demonstrated in Figures 1 & 2.A large portion of the Anabaena cell is composed of undulating layers of cytoplasm that are bounded by unit membranes that comprise the photosynthetic membranes. The adjoining layers of cytoplasm are closely apposed to each other to form the photosynthetic lamellae. Occassionally the adjacent layers of cytoplasm are separated by an interspace that may vary in widths of up to several 100 mu to form intralamellar vesicles.

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