scholarly journals Cotton as a Model for Polyploidy and Fiber Development Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venera S. Kamburova ◽  
Ilkhom B. Salakhutdinov ◽  
Shukhrat E. Shermatov ◽  
Zabardast T. Buriev ◽  
Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
The World

Cotton is one of the most important crops in the world. The Gossypium genus is represented by 50 species, divided into two levels of ploidy: diploid (2n = 26) and tetraploid (2n = 52). This diversity of Gossypium species provides an ideal model for studying the evolution and domestication of polyploids. In this regard, studies of the origin and evolution of polyploid cotton species are crucial for understanding the ways and mechanisms of gene and genome evolution. In addition, studies of polyploidization of the cotton genome will allow to more accurately determine the localization of QTLs that determine fiber quality. In addition, due to the fact that cotton fibers are single trichomes originating from epidermal cells, they are one of the most favorable model systems for studying the molecular mechanisms of regulation of cell and cell wall elongation, as well as cellulose biosynthesis.

scholarly journals GhGASA10–1 promotes the cell elongation in fiber development through the phytohormones IAA-induced

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojun Chen ◽  
Yaru Sun ◽  
Zailong Tian ◽  
Guoyong Fu ◽  
Xinxin Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fiber Elongation ◽  
Gene Structure And Expression ◽  
Important Cash Crop

Abstract Background Cotton is an important cash crop. The fiber length has always been a hot spot, but multi-factor control of fiber quality makes it complex to understand its genetic basis. Previous reports suggested that OsGASR9 promotes germination, width, and thickness by GAs in rice, while the overexpression of AtGASA10 leads to reduced silique length, which is likely to reduce cell wall expansion. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the function of GhGASA10 in cotton fibers development. Results To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying fiber elongation regulation concerning GhGASA10–1, we revealed an evolutionary basis, gene structure, and expression. Our results emphasized the conservative nature of GASA family with its origin in lower fern plants S. moellendorffii. GhGASA10–1 was localized in the cell membrane, which may synthesize and transport secreted proteins to the cell wall. Besides, GhGASA10–1 promoted seedling germination and root extension in transgenic Arabidopsis, indicating that GhGASA10–1 promotes cell elongation. Interestingly, GhGASA10–1 was upregulated by IAA at fiber elongation stages. Conclusion We propose that GhGASA10–1 may promote fiber elongation by regulating the synthesis of cellulose induced by IAA, to lay the foundation for future research on the regulation networks of GASA10–1 in cotton fiber development.

Strength and Crystalline Structure of Developing Acala Cotton

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-L. Hsieh ◽  
X.-P. Hu ◽  
A. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Fiber Breaking

Single fiber strengths and crystalline structures of greenhouse-grown Maxxa Acala cotton fibers at varying stages of development and at maturity are reported and compared with those of SJ-2 cotton fibers. Single fiber breaking forces of the Maxxa variety increase most significantly during the fourth week of fiber development; these increases correlate to the 60 to 90 mg seed fiber weight range. The forces required to break single fibers are similar for the SJ-2 and Maxxa varieties through the end of the fourth week of development. Beyond 30 dpa, both single fiber breaking forces and tenacities of the Maxxa cotton fibers are higher than those of the SJ-2 cotton fibers. Four waxd peaks located near 2θ angles of 14.7, 16.6, 22.7, and 34.4° are characteristic of the 101, 101, 002, and 040 reflections of cellulose I, respectively. The 002 peak intensity increases greatly during cellulose biosynthesis, indicating improved alignment of the glucosidic rings and improved order of atoms located within the glucosidic rings as the secondary cell wall thickens. The overall crystallinity and apparent crystallite sizes normal to the 101, 101, and 002 planes increase with fiber development for both varieties. Within each variety, the single fiber breaking forces are positively related to both the overall crystallinity and crystallite sizes. Between these two varieties, increasing breaking forces and tenacities appear to be related more to crystallite size than to crystallinity.

scholarly journals Identification of Candidate Genes Controlling Fiber Quality Traits in Upland Cotton Through Integration of Meta-QTL, Significant SNP and Transcriptomic Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
XU Shudi ◽  
Zhenyuan Pan ◽  
Feifan Yin ◽  
Qingyong Yang ◽  
Zhongxu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Significant Snps ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Fiber Quality Traits

Abstract Background Meta-analysis of quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a computational technique to identify consensus QTL and refine QTL positions on the consensus map from multiple mapping studies. The combination of meta-QTL intervals, significant SNPs and transcriptome analysis has been widely used to identify candidate genes in various plants. Results In our study, 884 QTL associated with cotton fiber quality traits from 12 studies were used for meta-QTL analysis based on reference genome TM-1, as a result, 74 meta-QTL were identified, including 19 meta-QTL for fiber length (FL), 18 meta-QTL for fiber strength (FS), 11 meta-QTL for fiber uniformity (FU), 11 meta-QTL for fiber elongation (FE), and 15 meta-QTL for micronaire (MIC). Combined with 8589 significant SNPs associated with fiber quality traits collected from 15 studies, 297 candidate genes were identified in the meta-QTL intervals, 20 of which showed high expression specifically in the developing fibers. According to the function annotations, some of the 20 key candidate genes are associated with the fiber development. Conclusions This study provides not only stable QTLs used for marker-assisted selection (MAS), but also candidate genes to uncover the molecular mechanisms for cotton fiber development.

scholarly journals Identification of candidate genes controlling fiber quality traits in upland cotton through integration of meta-QTL, significant SNP and transcriptomic data

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shudi XU ◽  
Zhenyuan PAN ◽  
Feifan YIN ◽  
Qingyong YANG ◽  
Zhongxu LIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Fiber Quality Traits

Abstract Background Meta-analysis of quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a computational technique to identify consensus QTL and refine QTL positions on the consensus map from multiple mapping studies. The combination of meta-QTL intervals, significant SNPs and transcriptome analysis has been widely used to identify candidate genes in various plants. Results In our study, 884 QTLs associated with cotton fiber quality traits from 12 studies were used for meta-QTL analysis based on reference genome TM-1, as a result, 74 meta-QTLs were identified, including 19 meta-QTLs for fiber length; 18 meta-QTLs for fiber strength; 11 meta-QTLs for fiber uniformity; 11 meta-QTLs for fiber elongation; and 15 meta-QTLs for micronaire. Combined with 8 589 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with fiber quality traits collected from 15 studies, 297 candidate genes were identified in the meta-QTL intervals, 20 of which showed high expression levels specifically in the developing fibers. According to the function annotations, some of the 20 key candidate genes are associated with the fiber development. Conclusions This study provides not only stable QTLs used for marker-assisted selection, but also candidate genes to uncover the molecular mechanisms for cotton fiber development.

scholarly journals Comparative mapping and correlation analysis revealed differentiation in the genetic basis of stem trichome development between cultivated tetraploid cotton species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Yuan ◽  
Yuefen Cao ◽  
Tengyu Li ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Li Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Tetraploid Cotton ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Morphological Index ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Modern Varieties

Abstract Background: Cotton stem trichomes and seed fibers are each single celled structures formed by protrusions of epidermal cells, and were found sharing the overlapping molecular mechanism . Compared with fibers, cotton stem trichomes are more easily observed, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their development are still poorly understood.Results: In this study, Gossypium hirsutum (Gh ) and G . barbadense ( Gb ) were found to differ greatly in percentages of varieties/accessions with glabrous stems and in trichome density, length, and number per trichopore. Gh varieties normally had long singular and clustered trichomes, while Gb varieties had short clustered trichomes. Genetic mapping using five F2 populations from crosses between glabrous varieties and those with different types of stem trichomes revealed that much variation among stem trichome phenotypes could be accounted for by different combinations of genes/alleles on Chr.06 and Chr.24. The twenty six F1 generations from crosses between varieties with different types of trichomes had varied phenotypes, further suggesting that the trichomes of tetraploid cotton were controlled by different genes/alleles. Compared to modern varieties, a greater proportion of Gh wild accessions were glabrous or had shorter and denser trichomes; whereas a smaller proportion of Gb primitive accessions had glabrous stems. A close correlation between fuzz fiber number and stem trichome density was observed in both Gh and Gb primitive accessions and modern varieties.Conclusion: Based on these findings, we hypothesize that stem trichomes evolved in parallel with seed fibers during the domestication of cultivated tetraploid cotton. In addition, the current results illustrated that stem trichome can be used as a morphological index of fiber quality in cotton conventional breeding.

scholarly journals Identification of Candidate Genes Controlling Fiber Quality Traits in Upland Cotton through Integration of Meta-QTL, Significant SNP and Transcriptomic Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
XU Shudi ◽  
Zhenyuan Pan ◽  
Feifan Yin ◽  
Qingyong Yang ◽  
Zhongxu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Significant Snps ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Fiber Quality Traits

Abstract Background: Meta-analysis of quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a computational technique to identify consensus QTL and refine QTL positions on the consensus map from multiple mapping studies. The combination of meta-QTL intervals, significant SNPs and transcriptome analysis has been widely used to identify candidate genes in various plants. Results: In our study, 884 QTLs associated with cotton fiber quality traits from 12 studies were used for meta-QTL analysis based on reference genome TM-1, as a result, 74 meta-QTLs were identified, including 19 meta-QTLs for fiber length (FL); 18 meta-QTLs for fiber strength (FS); 11 meta-QTLs for fiber uniformity (FU); 11 meta-QTLs for fiber elongation (FE); and 15 meta-QTLs for micronaire (MIC). Combined with 8,589 significant SNPs associated with fiber quality traits collected from 15 studies, 297 candidate genes were identified in the meta-QTL intervals, 20 of which showed high expression levels specifically in the developing fibers. According to the function annotations, some of the 20 key candidate genes are associated with the fiber development. Conclusions: This study provides not only stable QTLs used for marker-assisted selection (MAS), but also candidate genes to uncover the molecular mechanisms for cotton fiber development.

scholarly journals Multi-responses of O-methyltransferase genes to salt stress and fiber development of Gossypium species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafeez ◽  
Qún Gě ◽  
Qí Zhāng ◽  
Jùnwén Lǐ ◽  
Jǔwǔ Gōng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Quality Formation

Abstract Background: O-methyltransferases (OMTs) are an important group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to their acceptor substrates. OMTs are divided into several groups according to their structural features. In Gossypium species, they are involved in phenolics and flavonoid pathways. Phenolics defend the cellulose fiber from dreadful external conditions of biotic and abiotic stresses, promoting strength and growth of plant cell wall. Results: An OMT gene family, containing a total of 192 members, has been identified and characterized in three main Gossypium species, G. hirsutum, G. arboreum and G. raimondii. Cis-regulatory elements analysis suggested important roles of OMT genes in growth, development, and defense against stresses. Transcriptome data of different fiber developmental stages in Chromosome Substitution Segment Lines (CSSLs), Recombination Inbred Lines (RILs) with excellent fiber quality, and standard genetic cotton cultivar TM-1 demonstrate that up-regulation of OMT genes at different fiber developmental stages, and abiotic stress treatments have some significant correlations with fiber quality formation, and with salt stress response. Quantitative RT-PCR results revealed that GhOMT10_Dt and GhOMT70_At genes had a specific expression in response to salt stress while GhOMT49_At, GhOMT49_Dt, and GhOMT48_At in fiber elongation and secondary cell wall stages. Conclusions: Our results indicate that O-methyltransferase genes have multi-responses to salt stress and fiber development in Gossypium species and that they may contribute to salt tolerance or fiber quality formation in Gossypium.

scholarly journals Differentiation in the genetic basis of stem trichome development between cultivated tetraploid cotton species

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Yuan ◽  
Yuefen Cao ◽  
Tengyu Li ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Li Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Tetraploid Cotton ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Morphological Index ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Modern Varieties

AbstractBackgroundCotton stem trichomes and seed fibers are each single celled structures formed by protrusions of epidermal cells, and were found sharing the overlapping molecular mechanism. Compared with fibers, cotton stem trichomes are more easily observed, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their development are still poorly understood.ResultsIn this study,Gossypium hirsutum(Gh) andG. barbadense(Gb)were found to differ greatly in percentages of varieties/accessions with glabrous stems and in trichome density, length, and number per trichopore.Ghvarieties normally had long singular and clustered trichomes, whileGbvarieties had short clustered trichomes. Genetic mapping using five F2populations from crosses between glabrous varieties and those with different types of stem trichomes revealed that much variation among stem trichome phenotypes could be accounted for by different combinations of genes/alleles on Chr. 06 and Chr. 24. The twenty- six F1generations from crosses between varieties with different types of trichomes had varied phenotypes, further suggesting that the trichomes of tetraploid cotton were controlled by different genes/alleles. Compared to modern varieties, a greater proportion ofGhwild accessions were glabrous or had shorter and denser trichomes; whereas a smaller proportion ofGbprimitive accessions had glabrous stems. A close correlation between fuzz fiber number and stem trichome density was observed in bothGhandGbprimitive accessions and modern varieties.ConclusionBased on these findings, we hypothesize that stem trichomes evolved in parallel with seed fibers during the domestication of cultivated tetraploid cotton. In addition, the current results illustrated that stem trichome can be used as a morphological index of fiber quality in cotton conventional breeding.

scholarly journals Transcript Profiling During Fiber Development Identifies Pathways in Secondary Metabolism and Cell Wall Structure That May Contribute to Cotton Fiber Quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1364-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Al-Ghazi ◽  
Stéphane Bourot ◽  
Tony Arioli ◽  
Elizabeth S. Dennis ◽  
Danny J. Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Transcript Profiling ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Cotton Fiber Quality

scholarly journals Comparative mapping and correlation analysis revealed differentiation in the genetic basis of stem trichome development between cultivated tetraploid cotton species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Yuan ◽  
Yuefen Cao ◽  
Tengyu Li ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Li Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Tetraploid Cotton ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Morphological Index ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Modern Varieties

Abstract Background: Cotton stem trichomes and seed fibers are each single celled structures formed by protrusions of epidermal cells, and were found sharing the overlapping molecular mechanism . Compared with fibers, cotton stem trichomes are more easily observed, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their development are still poorly understood.Results: In this study, Gossypium hirsutum (Gh ) and G . barbadense ( Gb ) were found to differ greatly in percentages of varieties/accessions with glabrous stems and in trichome density, length, and number per trichopore. Gh varieties normally had long singular and clustered trichomes, while Gb varieties had short clustered trichomes. Genetic mapping using five F2 populations from crosses between glabrous varieties and those with different types of stem trichomes revealed that much variation among stem trichome phenotypes could be accounted for by different combinations of genes/alleles on Chr.06 and Chr.24. The twenty six F1 generations from crosses between varieties with different types of trichomes had varied phenotypes, further suggesting that the trichomes of tetraploid cotton were controlled by different genes/alleles. Compared to modern varieties, a greater proportion of Gh wild accessions were glabrous or had shorter and denser trichomes; whereas a smaller proportion of Gb primitive accessions had glabrous stems. A close correlation between fuzz fiber number and stem trichome density was observed in both Gh and Gb primitive accessions and modern varieties.Conclusion: Based on these findings, we hypothesize that stem trichomes evolved in parallel with seed fibers during the domestication of cultivated tetraploid cotton. In addition, the current results illustrated that stem trichome can be used as a morphological index of fiber quality in cotton conventional breeding.

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