scholarly journals The Diversity of Endophytic Aspergillus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vo Thi Ngoc My ◽  
Nguyen Van Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Harmful Effects

In plants, endophytic fungi and plant are closely related, endophytic fungi can use substances in plants as nutrients to survive. In return, they bring many benefits to the plant, playing an important role in protecting the host plant against the harmful effects of insects, harmful microorganisms or environmental disadvantages. Recently, secondary fungi metabolites, especially endophytic fungi, are gaining interest because they can produce many bioactive metabolites with antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant properties. Some endophytic fungi are noted as Aspergillus, Penicllium, Fusarium due to the production of many metabolites for biological effects such as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, etc. in which Aspergillus species product many compounds have properties antibacterial such as terrequinon A, terrefuranon, Na-acetyl aszonalemin, etc.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Diversity and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Fungi From Ethno Medicinal Plants & Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Chandra Mishra ◽  
Colin J Barrow ◽  
Neeraj Dwivedi ◽  
Sunil Deshmukh ◽  
Mayurika Goel
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Abstract Endophytic fungi are prolific generators of bioactive metabolites with natural antioxidant properties that have a range of potential uses. In the present work, the antioxidant activity and phylogenetic diversity of endophytic fungi obtained from semi-arid terrestrial plants and the fungi obtained from the mangrove soil samples is investigated. The fungal isolates were identified by employing morphological features and phylogenetic characterization by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Six taxonomic orders of Ascomycota associated with nine genera were identified, these being Diaporthales, Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Onygenales, Pleosporales and Xylariales. The antioxidant activity methanolic extracts of the fungal isolates were determined using modified 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS) methods. Among the fungal isolates, Aspergillus sp. AREF023 and Fusarium sp. AREF014, obtained from different parts of Datura metel, displayed the highest level of radical inhibition (80.76% and 70.62% respectively). GC/-MS analysis of the active isolates confirmed the presence of known antioxidant phenolic compounds, including 2-tert-Butyl-5-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-one and Phenol, 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), in the their crude extracts. Our findings suggest that fungal isolates from D. metel can be a sustainable resource for natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals Potency of endophytic fungi from Nauclea orientalis L. as antioxidant producer

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Elisa Nurnawati ◽  
Hary Widjajanti ◽  
Vivi Hendra Sutandar ◽  
Maulida Harwati ◽  
Eka Amelia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Genetic Transfer ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Agent

Nauclea orientalis L. is widely distributed in Indonesia. Secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and saponins are abundant in the bark of N. orientalis L. These compounds have the potential to act as antioxidants. Endophytic fungi, through genetic transfer and coevolution, can produce the same metabolites as their host plant. As a result, understanding the potential of endophytic fungi from N. orientalis L. to produce antioxidant compounds that can be developed is critical. According to the findings of this study, twelve isolates have the potential to produce secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties. Three isolates had high antioxidant activity: DB2 was identified as Aspergillus minisclerotigenes with an IC50 of 21 g/mL containing tannins, terpenes, and flavonoids, AB3 as Colletotrichum perseae with an IC50 of 31 g/mL containing tannins and terpenoids, and AB1 as Diaporthe tulliensis with an IC50 of 48 g/mL containing tannins. The secondary metabolite group has the potential to be developed into an antioxidant agent

Endophytic Fungi - An Untapped Source of Potential Antioxidants

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 944-964
Author(s):  
Rahul C. Mishra ◽  
Mayurika Goel ◽  
Colin J. Barrow ◽  
Sunil K. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Micro Organisms

Background: Antioxidants are the substances that interact inside and outside of a biological system against the damaging effects of highly reactive free radicals produced during metabolism. Among various natural alternative sources of bioactive metabolites, endophytic fungi have emerged as a significant reservoir of potent antioxidant compounds. These scantly explored micro-organisms are prolific producers of novel compounds and have the capability to produce metabolites that are exclusively isolated from Plantae. A wide array of compounds like nucleobases, polyketides, terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, xanthones, semiquinones, peptides, and phenolic acids have been identified as natural antioxidants produced by these micro-organisms. Methods: A detailed review of the literature published recently was undertaken using bibliographic database like Sci-finder and Google scholar. Questions to be reviewed and criteria for selection as a part of the study were fixed. The key features like information on the structure of isolated metabolites and antioxidant activities were summarised after a critical examination. A skeleton was established which gives insight into the type of novel chemical moieties which can be explored as a future antioxidant (s). Results: The review substantially covers the recently discovered compounds, in the period 2013 – 2018, having potent antioxidant activity, isolated from endophytic fungi colonizing diverse plant types such as terrestrial plants, mangrove plants and marine algae. Among the 96 compounds discussed here, thirtynine are from the first report of their occurrence. The present study reports 96 compounds obtained from 34 endophytic fungi out of which 15 fungi belonging to 13 genera of Ascomycetes produced 44 compounds, 14 fungi belonging to 5 genera of hyphomycetes yielded 33 compounds and 6 fungi belonging to 2 genera of Coelomycetes yielded 19 compounds. : The antioxidant potency of these compounds against different free radicals is briefly described and some details such as host organisms, plant sources, place of collection and the antioxidant properties of these compounds are tabulated in this review. Conclusion: Some of these free radical scavengers have shown wide applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry as potential food preservatives, nutraceuticals, antibacterial, anticancer and antifungal agents. This review aims at highlighting some of the novel compounds isolated recently from endophytic fungi, and their applications as potential antioxidant candidates.

scholarly journals Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Antia G. Pereira ◽  
Paz Otero ◽  
Javier Echave ◽  
Anxo Carreira-Casais ◽  
Franklin Chamorro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Chlorella Zofingiensis ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Large Groups

Algae are considered pigment-producing organisms. The function of these compounds in algae is to carry out photosynthesis. They have a great variety of pigments, which can be classified into three large groups: chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins. Within the carotenoids are xanthophylls. Xanthophylls (fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) are a type of carotenoids with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, due to their chemical structure rich in double bonds that provides them with antioxidant properties. In this context, xanthophylls can protect other molecules from oxidative stress by turning off singlet oxygen damage through various mechanisms. Based on clinical studies, this review shows the available information concerning the bioactivity and biological effects of the main xanthophylls present in algae. In addition, the algae with the highest production rate of the different compounds of interest were studied. It was observed that fucoxanthin is obtained mainly from the brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum spp., and Fucus spp. The main sources of astaxanthin are the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Chlorococcum sp. Lutein and zeaxanthin are mainly found in algal species such as Scenedesmus spp., Chlorella spp., Rhodophyta spp., or Spirulina spp. However, the extraction and purification processes of xanthophylls from algae need to be standardized to facilitate their commercialization. Finally, we assessed factors that determine the bioavailability and bioaccesibility of these molecules. We also suggested techniques that increase xanthophyll’s bioavailability.

scholarly journals A Cross-Metabolomic Approach Shows that Wheat Interferes with Fluorescent Pseudomonas Physiology through Its Root Metabolites

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Laura Rieusset ◽  
Marjolaine Rey ◽  
Florence Gerin ◽  
Florence Wisniewski-Dyé ◽  
Claire Prigent-Combaret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonas ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Metabolomic Approach

Roots contain a wide variety of secondary metabolites. Some of them are exudated in the rhizosphere, where they are able to attract and/or control a large diversity of microbial species. In return, the rhizomicrobiota can promote plant health and development. Some rhizobacteria belonging to the Pseudomonas genus are known to produce a wide diversity of secondary metabolites that can exert a biological activity on the host plant and on other soil microorganisms. Nevertheless, the impact of the host plant on the production of bioactive metabolites by Pseudomonas is still poorly understood. To characterize the impact of plants on the secondary metabolism of Pseudomonas, a cross-metabolomic approach has been developed. Five different fluorescent Pseudomonas strains were thus cultivated in the presence of a low concentration of wheat root extracts recovered from three wheat genotypes. Analysis of our metabolomic workflow revealed that the production of several Pseudomonas secondary metabolites was significantly modulated when bacteria were cultivated with root extracts, including metabolites involved in plant-beneficial properties.

Plant polyphenols: free radical scavengers or chain-breaking antioxidants?

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Rice-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Peroxyl Radicals ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Chain Breaking ◽  
Lipid Peroxyl Radicals

There is increasing interest in the biological effects of tea- and wine-derived polyphenols and many studies in vitro and in vivo are demonstrating their antioxidant properties. Tea is a major source of dietary polyphenols and an even richer source of the flavanols, the catechins and catechin/gallate esters. Although there are limited studies on the bioavailability of the polyphenols, the absorption of flavanols in humans has been shown. The studies described in this chapter discuss the relative antioxidant potentials of the polyphenolic flavonoids in vitro against radicals generated in the aqueous phase in comparison with their relative effectiveness as antioxidants against propagating lipid peroxyl radicals, and how their activity influences that of α-tocopherol in low-density lipoproteins exposed to oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotection of Mentha aquatica L., Lavandula dentata L. and Leonurus cardiaca L.

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olívia R. Pereira ◽  
Rocio I. R. Macias ◽  
Maria R. M. Domingues ◽  
Jose J. G. Marin ◽  
Susana M. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Mentha Aquatica ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Chemical Models ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Leonurus Cardiaca

The phenolic composition of hydroethanolic extracts of Mentha aquatica L., Lavandula dentata L. and Leonurus cardiaca L., obtained from plants grown under organic cultivation, was determined and their hepatoprotective effects were investigated in vitro. L. cardiaca extract was rich in phenylethenoid glycosides, especially lavandolifolioside (254 ± 36 μg/mg), whereas rosmarinic acid and eriodictyol-O-rutinoside were the major phenolic compounds of L. dentata and M. aquatica extracts, accounting for 68 ± 7 μg/mg and 145 ± 22 μg/mg, respectively. These differential phenolic components presumably account for their dissimilar antioxidant properties. While L. cardiaca extract showed moderate biological effects, M. aquatica extract displayed high antioxidant activity in chemical models, and that of L. dentata was effective in counteracting potassium dichromate-induced ROS generation in human hepatocarcinoma cells. Moreover, M. aquatica extract (50 μg/mL) and its mixture (50%/50%) with L. dentata extract displayed an effective cytoprotective effect.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization and Neuroprotective Activity of Folecitin: An In Vivo Study

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Umar Farooq ◽  
Taous Khan ◽  
Shahid Ali Shah ◽  
Md. Sanower Hossain ◽  
Yousaf Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Rat Pups

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) extend the global health burden. Consumption of alcohol as well as maternal exposure to ethanol can damage several neuronal functions and cause cognition and behavioral abnormalities. Ethanol induces oxidative stress that is linked to the development of NDs. Treatment options for NDs are yet scarce, and natural product-based treatments could facilitate ND management since plants possess plenty of bioactive metabolites, including flavonoids, which typically demonstrate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Hypericum oblongifolium is an important traditional medicinal plant used for hepatitis, gastric ulcer, external wounds, and other gastrointestinal disorders. However, it also possesses multiple bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties, but the evaluation of isolated pure compounds for neuroprotective efficacy has not been done yet. Therefore, in the current study, we aim to isolate and characterize the bioactive flavonoid folecitin and evaluate its neuroprotective activity against ethanol-induced oxidative-stress-mediated neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of postnatal day 7 (PND-7) rat pups. A single dose of ethanol (5 g/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally administered after the birth of rat pups on PND-7. This caused oxidative stress accompanied by the activation of phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and cysteine-aspartic acid protease-1 (caspase-1) proteins to form a complex called the NLRP3-inflammasome, which converts pro-interleukin 1 beta (IL-1B) to activate IL-1B and induce widespread neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In contrast, co-administration of folecitin (30 mg/kg body weight) reduced ethanol-induced oxidative stress, inhibited p-JNK, and deactivated the NLRP3-inflammasome complex. Furthermore, folecitin administration reduced neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative protein markers, including decreased caspase-3, BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX), B cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) expression in the immature rat brain. These findings conclude that folecitin is a flavone compound, and it might be a novel, natural and safe agent to curb oxidative stress and its downstream harmful effects, including inflammasome activation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Further evaluation in a dose-dependent manner would be worth it in order to find a suitable dose regimen for NDs.

scholarly journals Isolation of Endophytic Fungi QPS 05 from Quercus phillyraeoides A. Gray and Its Potential for α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anastasia Wheni Indrianingsih ◽  
Amalia Indah Prihantini ◽  
Sanro Tachibana
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Quercus Phillyraeoides ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Harmful Effects

AbstractEndophytic fungi are the microorganisms that spend all or part of their life cycles within plant tissue without causing harmful effects on the plant. In this study, 14 endophytic fungus from Quercus phillyraeoides A. Gray were isolated. Alternaria sp. QPS 05, an endophytic fungi which was isolated from the stem of Q. phillyraeoides A. Gray showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Further separation of ethyl acetate extract from the fungus led to the isolation of active substance from hexane-soluble fraction which give fatty acids mixture consist of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (1) strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. Isolated fatty acids (1) had inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 12.10 μg/mL. The results of the present study showed that endophytic fungus from Alternaria sp. QPS 05 potentially contained a rich source of natural antidiabetic medicine.

scholarly journals Biological Effects of Atmospheric Fields and Radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10S2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Line Radiation ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Geomagnetic Fields ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation ◽  
Harmful Effects

Our atmosphere is full of electromagnetic fields emitted from wireless communication transmitters. At the same time the bio-systems (including humans, animals & birds and vegetation as well) are complex electrical systems. Naturally therefore, they are likely to have interaction and to be affected in some way or the other. Research into this field started with the knowledge about pleasing presence of negative charges and unpleasant presence of positive charges around us, concentrating effects of static or pulsating fields. Also came the explanation (and experimental verification) of Hindu mythological effects of geomagnetic fields coupled with solar activity. The effects of power line radiation and radiation from video game TV sets, microwave oven and other domestic instruments like electric blankets also figured in the research. At last the fastest emerging mobile telephony overpowered all others. Though the results of researches into possible harmful effects of mobile phone radiation and those of radiation from base station towers remain inconclusive partly because of influencing pressure from manufacturing and service providing companies, some of the researchers conclusively assert the harmfulness of the radiation at some level of field intensity present near the tower or the handset relating it to the specific absorption ratio (SAR) value. Recent increased observation of infertility among young couples is also attributed by some researchers to the effect of radiation from mobile kept in pantaloons pockets which becomes near their genitals affecting sperm or ovum. This review explains all these researches into bio-effects of electromagnetic fields and concludes that there is certainly some possible harmfulness of radiation above some level of intensity of fields.

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