scholarly journals Level of Antibody Response against Hepatitis B Virus after Vaccination and Seroprevalence of HBV in Children Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Biazin ◽  
Seifegebriel Teshome
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Health Organization

Approximately 2 billion people worldwide are infected with HBV and more than 240 million are chronic carriers. The World Health Organization officially launched the introduction of the hepatitis B vaccine for children in 1980. Since then, different countries have determined the level of response to the vaccine. Since the introduction of the vaccine in Ethiopia in 2007, there have been few studies evaluating the antibody response to the HBV vaccine. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the HBV antibody response after hepatitis B vaccination and to evaluate the HBV seroprevalence of children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage probability sampling technique. Four hundred and fifty children between the ages of five and eight living in Addis Ababa were enrolled. Socio-demographic characteristics were obtained through a structured questionnaire and three to four ml of blood was collected from each child. ELISA was performed to determine antibody levels against HBV. The average age is seven + one (SD) years. Anti-HBs were detected in 54.3% (208/450) of children, and girls 98 (54.7%) had a slightly higher level of protection than boys 110 did (53.9%). The overall coverage rate of the vaccine in this study was 85.1%. The proportion of children with protective levels (> 10 mIU / ml of anti-HBs antibodies) decreased with increasing age of the children: 5, 6, 7 and 8 years were 52.6%, 60%, 43.5% and 37.1%, respectively. The seroprevalence rate for HBsAg is 0.4% and the seroprevalence rate for anti-HBc is 5.6%. Age and antibody response level were negatively correlated (p = 0.001), while gender and history of HBV infection were not significantly correlated. Age was also significantly correlated with anti-HBc seropositivity (p = 0.003). HBV vaccine coverage for children is high, but the antibody response to the vaccine appears to be low. The seropositivity rate for the virus is also very low. Low levels of response to the vaccine should be a problem. For unresponsive children, revaccination or booster doses should be considered. More research needs to be done.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Patients Visiting Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a major health issue of the developing world, especially in Pakistan. Chronic Hepatitis B leads to an increased risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is a massive burden on the total health expenditure of the nation. However, in our country people lack knowledge regarding the HBV vaccine and its availability and have various other reasons for not getting vaccinated. The purpose of this research was to observe the attitude of patients visiting Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center towards Hepatitis B vaccination as well as the reasons put forward by those who choose not to get vaccinated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and awareness regarding HBV vaccination in patients visiting Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study that was conducted among patients who visited Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center. 300 participants were included. The data collection method was a face-to-face interview. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to recruit patients. We used a self-structured, close-ended questionnaire based on the Urdu language consisting of a total of 40 questions. Prior written consent was taken. Data entry and data analysis were done by using SPSS Version 20. Results: Out of 300 participants, 63.67% of respondents had acquired matriculation or higher education while the rest were either just primary pass or illiterate. 216(72%) of the participants were aware that HBV is highly prevalent in Pakistan. 135(45%) considered alcohol and smoking as a cause of HBV. Only 43(14.3%) participants had knowledge regarding the standard dosing regimen of the vaccine. Participants had awareness about prevention. 250 (83.3%) agreed that Hepatitis B vaccination is an effective method of prevention of Hepatitis B, while 59(19.6%) thought that the vaccine itself can cause Hepatitis infection. 190(63.3%) identified cost as a barrier for vaccination. Conclusion: People in Pakistan don’t have adequate knowledge about the mode of transmission of hepatitis, but they have good knowledge about preventive methods. The prevalent attitude is to not get vaccinated due to various reasons. Hence it is very important to spread awareness among people about HBV vaccination.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice on hepatitis-B infection among infected patients in a Homoeopathy Medical Center in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Sazia Huq ◽  
Sarder Mahmud Hossain ◽  
Syed Mohammad Tanjilul Haque ◽  
Selina Akter
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Viral hepatitis is the commonest liver disease in Bangladesh. About 10 million people in Bangladesh have been suffering from hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is a potentiality life threatening liver infection caused by HBV. It is a major global health problem and the most serious type of viral hepatitis. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice on Hepatitis B Virus infection among the selected patients in Essence Homoeopathy Medical Center, Dhaka. A descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out among 150 samples by using non-randomized purposive sampling technique and by the help of pretested modified questionnaire. Statistical association was calculated by chi-square test and all the Hepatitis B related data were analyzed by the help of SPSS (version 16). The study showed that 73.3% of the respondents’ age ranged from 15-35 years with mean age (32.44±10.54) and of them 96.7% was found to be Muslims. Among injectable drug users (IDUs) (19.3%), 27.6% was sharing same needle. Approximately 5% of the respondents had a history of taking unscreened blood among 28% of the respondents who experienced blood transfusion. Another concerning issue was that 77% of the respondents practiced polygamy sex and among them only 38.8% used protecting device during sexual activity. Majority (70.7%) of the respondents did not take HBV vaccine. Significant statistical association was found between education and vaccination against HBV (p-0.000). To prevent this deadly disease mass awareness has to be created among the people of active age group through media education and policy implementation.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.6(1) 2016: 27-31

scholarly journals Attitude, Practice and Associated Factors Towards Patients With Hepatitis B and C Viruses Among Nurses Working in Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekalign Birlie Amera ◽  
Zeleke Argaw ◽  
Teshome Habtie ◽  
Abraham Tsedalu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: nurses spend much time caring for patients with different diagnosis some of which are potentially infectious. Infectiousness of some diseases may affect nurse’s behavior to care for patients equally and effectively. Hepatitis B and C are infectious global treats responsible for 96% of hepatitis related mortality. Hence, this study aimed to assess attitude, practice and associated factors towards patients with hepatitis B and C viruses among nurses working in governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa.Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in public hospitals in Addis Ababa Ethiopia from April 01 to 30, 2019. A total of 396 nurses were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using a pretested, validated self-administered questionnaire. Epi info version 7.2 and SPSS version 24 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to characterize the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: Among 383 respondents 45.6% and 35.8% reported to have positive attitude and good practice respectively. Receiving training on infection prevention and getting vaccinated against hepatitis B are significantly associated with nurse’s attitude. Nurses who served for more than ten years and those vaccinated against hepatitis B are also found to have good practice.Conclusion: The overall level of nurse’s attitude and practice towards patients with hepatitis B and C viruses is significantly low. Therefor nurses need to get training on infection prevention and hepatitis B vaccine for free. Proper supply of personal protective equipment should also be assured.

scholarly journals Low coverage of hepatitis B vaccine and determinants among health professionals working in Amhara regional state hospitals, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhanu Elfu Feleke
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regional State ◽  
B Virus

More than two billion people have been infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), 360 million have chronic infection and 600,000 die each year from HBV-related liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma. Each year more than 66,000 health professionals are infected by hepatitis b virus and vaccination against hepatitis B saves the life’s of these health professionals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B vaccine coverage in a resource limited settings. A cross sectional study design was conducted. The study was conducted on 1184 health professionals at Amhara national regional state, Ethiopia. Simple random sampling technique was used. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the prevalence while Binary logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of hepatitis B vaccine coverage. The coverage of hepatitis B vaccine was 4%. Vaccination were affected by work load (AOR=0.19, 95%CI= 0.08-0.46; P<0.01), negligence (AOR=0.04, 95%CI=0.01- 0.11: P<0.01), universal precaution training (AOR=14.75, 95%CI=5.66-38.44: P<0.01), perception that they are not at risk of infection (AOR=0.34, 95%CI=0.15-0.79: P=0.01), unaffordable cost (AOR=0.12, 95%CI=0.05-0.28: P<0.01), awareness about the vaccine (AOR=4.55, 95%CI=1.53-13.49: P<0.01), peer pressure (AOR=3.8, 95%CI=1.34-10.74: P=0.01), knowledge about where to get the vaccine (AOR=5.13, 95%CI=1.87-14.11: P=0.02), unavailability of the vaccine (AOR=0.25, 95%CI=0.1-0.63: P=0.03), year of experience (AOR=7.27, 95%CI=2.23-23.72: P<0.01). Low hepatitis B vaccine coverage was observed. The ministry of health should avail the vaccine to all those health professionals, develop awareness on HBV and improve the affordability of the vaccine.

scholarly journals Patient satisfaction and associated factors among psychiatry outpatients of St Paulo’s Hospital, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. e100120
Author(s):  
Kebebew Wogi Goben ◽  
Endalamaw Salelew Abegaz ◽  
Samuel Tolesa Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Sex

BackgroundPatient satisfaction with mental healthcare service is recognised as an important integral part of measuring the outcomes and performance of clinical service delivery. It is not well studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, it is essential to improve service in the future.AimsTo assess patient satisfaction and associated factors among psychiatry outpatients at St. Paulo’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted with consecutive sampling technique from May to June 2018. Data were collected using a Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). Both bivariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses were used. Variables with p value <0.05 at multivariate analysis were considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 589 participants were enrolled with a response rate of 98.2%. In regard to the magnitude of patient satisfaction, 50.3% (95% CI 46.0 to 54.2) were highly satisfied, 31.0% (95% CI 27.2 to 34.8) were satisfied, and 18.7% (95% CI 15.4 to 22.1) were dissatisfied. Male sex (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.30, 95% CI 1.57 to 3.36), inability to read and write (AOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.66), being unemployed (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.47), obtaining services for free (AOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.22), and availability of medication (AOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.23) were significantly associated with patient satisfaction.ConclusionsThe study showed that further improvements in patient satisfaction are required. Male sex, inability to read and write, being unemployed, obtaining services free of charge, and availability of medication were significantly associated with patient satisfaction. More than half of the participants were dissatisfied with the waiting time to receive services. The provision of services within a reasonable timeframe and meeting patient expectations are helpful for good health outcomes.

scholarly journals The Impact of Universal Infant Hepatitis B Immunization on Reducing the Hepatitis B Carrier Rate in Pregnant Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 220 (7) ◽  
pp. 1118-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ju Su ◽  
Shu-Fong Chen ◽  
Chin-Hui Yang ◽  
Pei-Hung Chuang ◽  
Hsiu-Fang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Universal Infant

Abstract Background The hepatitis B virus (HBV) status of pregnant women affects HBV vaccine failure in their offspring. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of the universal infant HBV vaccination program on the long-term hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rate in pregnant women. Methods Using the National Immunization Information System, we examined a 32-year period of cross-sectional data on a maternal HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) screening program launched in July 1984. An age-period-cohort model analysis of 940 180 pregnant women screened for July 1996–June 1997 and the years 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 was applied. Results The annual HBsAg- and HBeAg-seropositive rates decreased from 13.4% and 6.4%, respectively, for the period 1984–1985 to 5.9% and 1.0% in 2016 (P for both trends < .0001). Pregnant women with birth years after July 1986 (the HBV vaccination cohort) had the lowest relative risk (0.27 [95% confidence interval, .26–.28]) of HBsAg positivity compared with birth years before June 1984. Conclusions The birth cohort effect in relation to the universal infant HBV immunization program has effectively reduced the HBV carrier rate in pregnant women and the burden of perinatal HBV infection on the next generation.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERSEPSI IBU DENGAN STATUS IMUNISASI DASAR DI WONOKUSUMO

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Tri Anisca Dillyana
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Village ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
To Receive

Background: Basic immunization is the first immunization that should be given to everyone, especially infants and children from birth to protect lifes from dangerous diseases. The immunization program in Indonesia requires every infant (0-11 months) to receive complete basic immunization consist of 1 dose of Hepatitis B, 1 dose of BCG, 3 doses of DPT-HB-Hib, 4 doses of polio, and 1 dose of measles. Basic Immunization in RW 8 Wonokusumo Urban Village in 2017 has not reached the target. Only 73 infants (67%) of 108 have received complete basic immunization which the target of Puskesmas is 95%. This study aims to know the correlation of knowledge, attitude and mother perception with the basic immunization status in Wonokusumo. This study is an observational analytic research with quantitative approach. The study was cross sectional with a sample of 39 respondents. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Respondents in this study are mothers who have children under three and have KMS in RW 8 Wonokusumo Urban Village. Primary data collection techniques obtained from questionnaires while secondary data obtained from Wonokusumo Puskesmas and Surabaya City Health Office reports .The result of bivariate statistic test shows that there is correlation between knowledge, attitude, and mother perception with the immunization status of children under three with p = 0,001 (p < 0,05). Conclusion: There is correlation between knowledge, attitude, and mother perception with the basic immunization status in RW 8, Wonokusumo Village.

scholarly journals Comparative study on lesions of reproductive disorders of cows and female dromedary camels slaughtered at Addis Ababa, Adama and Akaki abbatoirs with bacterial isolation and characterization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynalem Mandefro ◽  
Tilaye Demissie Ayana ◽  
Gemechu Chala Hunderra ◽  
Tadesse Gidey Gebrezihar ◽  
Bulto Giro Boru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Abstract Background: Reproduction is a basic prerequisite to efficient livestock production. Reproductive performance depends upon the normal structure and function of genital organs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017 to identify and compare the frequency of pathological lesions in the reproductive tract and to isolate bacteria associated to uterine lesions in female dromedary camels and cows slaughtered at Akaki camel slaughter house and Addis Ababa and Adama municipal abattoirs. Abattoirs were visited once per week for 28 weeks during which three to seven animals on average were slaughtered per day. A purposive sampling technique was employed to examine reproductive tracts of all slaughtered animals (280; 140 cows and 140 camels). Following gross inspection at abattoirs, tissue samples with lesion were collected for histopathological and bacteriological investigation. Result: Various pathological lesions with different degrees of severity were observed in 48 (34.2%) and 51 (36.4%) of dromedary camels and cows, respectively. Uterine lesions were the most prevalent 21.4% lesions observed in dromedary camels followed by ovarian lesions 7.14%; while in cows, ovarian lesions were the major prevalent 16.4% lesions followed by uterine lesion 14.2%. The result showed that there were 56 bacteria isolated from cows uterine lesion with Staphylococcus species 28.5%, Streptococci species 19.6%, Coynebacterium species 8.9%, Escherichia coli 26.78%, Salmonella species 10.7% and Klebsiella species 5.35% being the prominent isolates; while in camels, there were 45 bacteria isolated with Escherichia coli 35.5%, Staphylococcus species 26.6%, Streptococcus species 13.3%, Pseudomonas species 6.6 %, Proteus species 4.4%, Salmonella species 8.8% and Klebsiella species 4.4% being the most frequently isolated. The result showed that the major isolates were similar with slightly higher in cows. Histopathologically, endometrial glands degeneration, sloughing of epithelium, peri-glandular cuffing and infiltrations of inflammatory cell were some of characteristic changes observed in uterus. Conclusions: Pathological lesions in reproductive organs in female dromedary camels and cows showed great prevalence, with similarity in bacterial isolates between the two species. The role of each reproductive lesions and bacterial isolates incriminated as causes of reproductive failures in this livestock species needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Blood donation practice and associated factors among health professionals working at heath centers in Nefas Silk Lafto sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Mentamir Abe ◽  
Mesafint Abeje Tiruneh ◽  
Kidanemariam Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Cross Sectional

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Accessibility of a safe and adequate blood transfusion is a challenge worldwide and even more critical in Africa. Even though blood donation is lifesaving practice, current blood supply is far less compared to the demand in Ethiopia. However, there is limited information in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess blood donation practice and associated factors among health professionals working at heath center in Nefas Silk Lafto sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among health professionals working at health centers in Nefas Silk Lafto sub city, Addis Ababa from 23 August 2019 to 20 September 2019. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected used self-administered structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis was used for data analysis.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 459 health professionals were included in the study with a response rate of 98.4%. Only 157 (34.2%) of them donated blood in the last five years. Age (AOR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.79), blood collection site (AOR=3.46, 95% CI: 2.03, 5.89), blood collection working (AOR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.16, 3.44) and knowledge (AOR=0.32, 95% CL: 0.14, 0.76) were significantly associated with blood donation practice.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Blood donation practice was low. Age of health professionals, blood collection site, blood collection working hour and knowledge were significantly associated with blood donation practice. Therefore, establish fixed and mobile collection site and convenient time for blood donors and awareness creation is crucial.</p>

scholarly journals Magnitude of infertility and associated factors among women attending selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekdes Akalewold ◽  
Getachew W. Yohannes ◽  
Ziyad Ahmed Abdo ◽  
Yonas Hailu ◽  
Aynye Negesse
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Introduction The World Health Organization estimated that approximately 48 million couples and 186 million people are infertile worldwide. Although the problem of infertility is increasing worldwide, as well as in Ethiopia, there are limited studies done. Therefore, this study aims to determine the magnitude of infertility and the major risk factors in three governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the study. The participants were selected by using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected through an interview using a structured questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify the predictor variables. Statistical significance was considered at a P < 0.05 with an adjusted odds ratio calculated at 95% CI. Result The overall prevalence of infertility was 27.6% (95%CI = 23.2, 32.0). Of these, 14.4% had primary infertility, and 13.2% had secondary infertility. Those whose duration of marriage was less than 60 months [AOR = 3.85; 95%CI 1.39, 10.64], had a history of fallopian tube obstructions [AOR = 8.27; 95%CI 2.36, 28.91], had irregular frequency of coitus [AOR = 37.4; 95%CI 11.29, 124.114], had more than one sex partner [AOR = 3.51; 95%CI 1.64, 7.54], had an abortion greater than 3 times [AOR = 6.89; 95%CI 1.28, 37.09], and had partners who currently consumed alcohol [AOR = 1.31; 95%CI 1.11, 1.86] were more likely to be infertile than their counterparts. Conclusion According to the results of this study, the prevalence of infertility was high compared to the global estimate of the World Health Organization. The government, health care providers, and researchers should emphasize developing appropriate strategies, research, education, and awareness creation of infertility and its potential causes.

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