scholarly journals The Revival of Chineseness as a Cultural Identity in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiful Anwar Matondang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
The Government

The revival of ethnic culture in the current globalizing world challenges the anthropologists and sociologists to study the multicultural societies. This phenomenon appears in urban areas of multicultural cities and it makes the ethnic background awareness lead to be a cultural identity remaking. With an ethnohistory approach and ethnographic fieldwork in 2014, this paper provides the cultural identity making and remaking process of Chineseness in Malaysia since 1970. Chineseness has contextualized the cultural process of cultural plurality to a complexity of the multiculturalism in Malaysian society. This research paper presents a history of social process that resulted in the Chinese culture identity revived in Malaysia after the May 13, 1969 riots, and analyzes two important factors; they are Government Policy and Transnational Linkage of Chinese, shaped and illuminated the Chinese cultural identity in Malaysia. The government policy upholds the Ketuanan Melayu (Supremacy of Malay culture with affirmative action) and the Chinese descendants or Peranakan in adapting national situation, then they sought their shared traditions and memories as well as link them to transnational of Chinese culture in Asia Pacific region. The fieldwork data of 2014 show that multicultural society in Malaysia allows the Malaysia Chinese to enact their rituals, festivals, culinary shows and cultural attractions in public spaces and social media with a revival mode in which the reconstruction of ethnic identity represented as cultural productions of multicultural society.

scholarly journals Village Fund Transfer and Rural Poverty in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-334
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir Arham ◽  
Boby Rantow Payu
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

The model of government policy has been somewhat over-oriented to the efficiency (development); this is especially in the urban areas. As a result, rural areas are left behind and the urbanization rates are continuously growing since the life supports in a city are more varied rather than the homogenous supports in a village. This results in inequality and the poverty within the village. To resolve this problem, the government has constituted the Regulation No. 6 of 2014 Considering Rural Areas in advancing the development of rural areas. The objective of this present study is to find out the effectiveness of the transfer of village funds in solving the issue of poverty in all villages within all the provinces in Indonesia during the period of the implementation of the program. Furthermore, this research was conducted by using econometric method through the equation of panel data in 2015 to 2016 in 33 provinces. The result reveals that the transfer of village funds is not significant in alleviating the issue of poverty in rural areas. By that, it is recommended to increase the amount of the fund of the program to reduce the rate of poverty in all villages in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Norwegian policy on sami language learning and preservation

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Olga Shchukina ◽  
Maksim Zadorin ◽  
Ivan Savelev ◽  
Irina Ershova ◽  
Tatiana Konopleva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Current Status ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Inequality Of Educational Opportunities

AbstractThe article discusses the government policy of Norway, one of the countries that has significantly succeeded in solving ethnocultural problem. It introduces the main stages of the Norwegian government policy towards the Sami people. Special atten­tion is given to the problem of preserving the cultural identity of the Sami and the status of the Sami language in Norwegian society. The article presents the problem of learning and preserving the Sami language through the analysis of Norwegian official state legislation which constitutes the methodological basis of the article. It also considers a number of local and international conventions and acts that are designed to protect Sami rights, as well as the effects these conventions and acts have on the status and situation of the Sami language in Norway. The current status of the Sami language and educational perspectives are considered in a comparative and historical framework. The results presented in the article are intended to raise awareness of cultural identity and inequality of educational opportunities based on ethnic minority background.

To the Tap: Public versus Private Water Provision at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Spar ◽  
Krzysztof Bebenek
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Public Versus Private ◽  
Political Demand

This paper uses the examples of three nineteenth-century cities—London, Philadelphia, and New York—to explore both what is permanent about the problem of water provision (that consumers want it clean, accessible, and free) and what is mediated by the forces of government policy and economic constraints. In some cases, municipal authorities first claimed control over water supplies before figuring out how to pay for their works. In others, they calculated that such arrangements were both too expensive and too risky to bear alone. Both approaches were complicated by the high costs of providing water to urban areas and by urban dwellers' belief that water should flow from their taps without charge. The result was, and remains, a market in which price is largely dictated by political demand, set by what the government, rather than the market, will bear.

Islam as the source of inspiration for my art

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Esa
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Religious Perspective ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Cultural Power ◽  
The Government

After six years of formal art training in Europe, I returned home in the late 1960s very much influenced by modern western art and its secular utopian worldview. However, when viewed from a religious perspective, modern art evidenced the process of secularization and humanization. Local scholars lamented such art could led to the gradual loss of the nation's tradition which is steeped in spirituality. To them, Western-trained Malaysian artists’ works are a reflection of a captive mentality glorifying art that is spiritually debilitating, sociologically alienating and psychologically corrupting. Concerned with such phenomenon in Malaysia's post-Independence period, the government convened the National Cultural Congress (1971), to harness the cultural power in fostering unity in her multicultural society. Among the three resolutions recommended, one was Islam, as Malaysia's official religion, it would play a vital role in the formulation of a national cultural identity. In view of this historic event, I made a u-turn denouncing modern art, ingrained in me for decades, and made Islam as the raison d‘être of my art by responding to the challenges of NCC. This paper therefore, will extrapolate my five-decade artistic trajectory from Western-centric art period to Malay-Islamic art from 1970s -2018.

Reasons for the Onset of the Uniat Clergy’s Movement Towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the Beginning of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 293-317
Author(s):  
Protopriest Alexander Romanchuk
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Latin Church ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Church Service ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article studies the system of pre-conditions that caused the onset of the uniat clergy’s movement towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the beginning of the 19th century. The author comes to the conclusion that the tendency of the uniat clergy going back to Orthodoxy was the result of certain historic conditions, such as: 1) constant changes in the government policy during the reign of Emperor Pavel I and Emperor Alexander I; 2) increasing latinization of the uniat church service after 1797 and Latin proselytism that were the result of the distrust of the uniats on the part of Roman curia and representatives of Polish Catholic Church of Latin church service; 3) ecclesiastical contradictions made at the Brest Church Union conclusion; 4) division of the uniat clergy into discordant groups and the increase of their opposition to each other on the issue of latinization in the first decades of the 19th century. The combination of those conditions was a unique phenomenon that never repeated itself anywhere.

PEMETAAN TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI KELAPA SAWIT NASIONAL DAN KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGANNYA

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subiyanto Subiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Missing Value ◽  
Technology Capability ◽  
The Government

Palm oil industry in Indonesia has been growing rapidly. But, unfortunately the growth is only effective on upstream industry with low value products, such that potential downstream value added are not explored proportionally. The government is therefore in the process of developing an appropriate policy to strengthen the national palm oil downstream industry. This paper proposes that an approriate policy for developing palm oil downstream industry could be derived from the maps of value chain and existing technology capability of the industry. The result recommends that government policy should emphasize on the supply of raw materials, infrastructure and utilities, as well as developing the missing value chain industry, especially ethoxylation and sulfonation.

DAYA SAING DAN PERAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING KOMODITI KAKAO DI SULAWESI TENGAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-96
Author(s):  
Siti Yuliaty Chansa Arfah ◽  
Harianto . ◽  
Suharno .
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Policy Analysis Matrix

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji daya saing komoditi kakao di Sulawesi Tengah dan melihat peran pemerintah dalam meningkatkan daya saing komoditi kakao. Data primer berasal dari observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner, sementara data sekunder berasal dari instansi terkait. Metode analisis menggunakan Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) dan analisis sensitivitas. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa nilai PCR Kabupaten Parigi Moutong 0,589 dan Kabupaten Sigi 0,396. Sedangkan nilai DRC Kabupaten Parigi Moutong 0,387 dan Kabupaten Sigi 0,319. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa usahatani komoditi kakao di Sulawesi Tengah memiliki daya saing, namun tidak menguntungkan secara ekonomi karena Sulawesi Tengah menghasilkan biji kakao yang tidak difermentasi akibatnya petani menerima harga rendah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, pemerintah belum memberikan proteksi terhadap harga biji kakao dalam negeri melalui harga referensi biji kakao sehingga harga biji kakao didaerah penelitian masih tergolong rendah jika dibandingkan dengan harga di pasar internasional. Sementara terhadap input, pemerintah telah memberikan kebijakan subsidi kepada petani, namun implementasinya masih perlu perbaikan terutama terkait penyaluran dan pengelolaan bantuan agar merata. Kajian ini merekomendasikan masih diperlukan kebijakan pemerintah baik terhadap input maupun output untuk meningkatkan produktivitas, menurunkan biaya produksi dan menaikkan harga jual biji kakao, sehingga dapat meningkatkan daya saing biji kakao. The purpose of this study is to assess the competitiveness of cocoa in Central Sulawesi and to investigate the role of government in improving the competitiveness of cocoa. The primary data were generated through observation, interviews and some questionnaires. The secondary data were obtained from the agency or the institution related to the research. This study uses the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) and sensitivity analysis. The study found that the PCR value for Parigi Moutong district was 0.589 and Sigi district was 0.396. While, the DRC value for Parigi Moutong district was 0.387 and Sigi district was 0.319. This indicates that cocoa beans farming in Central Sulawesi has competitiveness, but not economically beneficial because Central Sulawesi produces unfermented cocoa beans consequently farmers receive low prices. Based on the results of the government's impact on output analysis, the government did not provide protection for domestic cocoa seed prices through the reference price of cocoa beans, consequently the price of domestic cocoa beans, particularly in the research area, was relatively low compared to the price of cocoa beans at the international market. Seen from the government policy on inputs, the government have provided subsidies to farmers but they need to improve the distribution and management of aid to be evenly distributed. It is necessary to set up good government policy on inputs and outputs in order to increase cocoa seed productivity, decrease production cost and increase the price which simultaneously can improve its competitiveness in the research location.

FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS AMONG THE RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN BANGLADESH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalowar Hossan
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Government

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the entrepreneurial success of rural women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Non-probability sampling specifically convenience sampling is used to draw the sample and data is collected using the self-administered survey. Regression analysis and descriptive statistics are used to analyze the data. The study discloses that motivational factors, government policy and financial support have significant influence on the rural women entrepreneurial success in Bangladesh. Due to lack of suitable training and proper development as well as ICT knowledge, the rural women of Bangladesh could not accomplish the achievement. Half of the total populations of Bangladesh are female and most of them live in rural areas. Therefore, the government and the policymakers in Bangladesh should develop the potential of rural women entrepreneurs by providing development facilities, proper training, and ICT knowledge.

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