scholarly journals Contribution Factors on Congenital Malformations in Neonates in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevda Riyahifar ◽  
Reza Ali Akbari Khoei ◽  
Kayvan Mirnia
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Education Of Patients ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Hands And Feet

Background: Congenital malformations are one of the most important and common types of anomalies in infants, and they are considered as the leading causes of disability and mortality in children. These malformations impose enormous costs on families and organizations involved in the treatment, maintenance, and education of patients. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors affecting the incidence of congenital anomalies in infants born in Iran. Methods: In this retrospective descriptive-analytical study, we registered various information of all newborns examined and their mothers, including gender, family relationship of parents, type of delivery, types of congenital malformations, anomalies of the hands and feet, and anomalies of the nervous and reproductive systems in the maternity wards of hospitals in Iran. Data were gathered using a checklist. The relationships between different factors were assessed by chi-square test, and the factors influencing congenital malformations were investigated by logistic regression using SPSS-26 software. The significance level of all tests was 0.05. Results: According to the results, 7.5% of newborns had congenital malformations. Eclampsia and diabetes mellitus increased the risk of congenital malformations by 15 and 11%, respectively. The risk of congenital malformations in rural areas was 12% higher than in urban areas. Factors such as consanguineous marriages, history of abortion, and gender also affected the risk of congenital malformations. Conclusions: Necessary measures and plans in the field of premarital counseling, regular pre-pregnancy and post-pregnancy tests and controls, especially in rural and deprived areas, are essential and effective in reducing the incidence of congenital malformations.

scholarly journals SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN HUMANS AND DOGS FROM A SMALL MUNICIPALITY IN PARANA, BRAZIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline do Nascimento Benitez ◽  
Daniela Dib Gonçalves ◽  
Beatriz de Souza Lima Nino ◽  
Eloiza Teles Caldart ◽  
Roberta Lemos Freire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level

Abstract Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis with important public health implications. The aims of this study were to determine and identify factors associated to the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in humans and dogs from Jataizinho, Parana State, Brazil. Serum samples from 280 humans and 766 dogs, from rural and urban areas, were tested by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Positive dilutions were ≥ 1:16. Epidemiological informations were obtained through an individual questionnaire and data tabulation was performed using EpiInfo 3.5.3 (CDC, Atlanta). Statistical significance was evaluated by chi-square (ᵪ2) or Fisher's exact tests with a 5.0 % significance level. The seroprevalence in humans was 70.00% (196/280), as follows: 69.08% (143/207) in rural and 72.60% (53/73) in a slum urban community. The seroprevalence in dogs was 52.35% (401/766), as follows: 71.74% (99/138) in rural and 48.08% (302/628) in urban area. In rural areas, there was no factor associated to risk of infection. In urban slum community, visualizing more than four rats at home was a factor statistically associated to seropositivity for human toxoplamosis. Infection of urban dogs was associated to age, contact with stray dogs or rodents, and free access to street. The results indicated a similar possibility of contact with Toxoplasma gondii between dogs and humans living in rural or slum urban areas of small municipalities.

scholarly journals Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kepemilikan Jamban Sehat di Desa Nambangan Kidul Manguharjo Kota Madiun

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Eny Pemilu Kusparlina
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

ABSTRACT   The World Bank states that the 2018 data 22% of Indonesian people has not had a sanitation facility (latrine). The existence of latrines in Indonesia, according to World Bank data in 2015 about 22% of Indonesia's population does not have latrines. The coverage of national guard to urban areas with 79% and 49% for rural areas. Most of the sludge removal used  the river or dug wells which do not have the requirements of health latrine and contiminate the ground water. Based on the data obtained from the Health Center Community Manguharjo in 2019 of 855 homes were inspected as many as 530 households, households have basic sanitation facilities such as latrines in the Health Center Community Manguharjo downstream for 420 households or 79%. This study aims to determine the relationship between the factors of income, knowledge, and attitude, with the ownership of latrines in Madiun City, Manguharjo. The research method used observational design with cross sectional approach. The sample are mothers who have children under five do not have latrines that 64 respondents. The sampling technique used  random sampling. Statistical analysis used chi square test. Decision of research hypothesis testing based on the significance level of 5% (p = 0.05) and confidence interval (CI) 95%. The result showed that there are relationship between income and the latrine ownership (p = 0.037), knowledge (p = 0.037) and attitude (p = 0.037). The result showed no relationship between education (p = 0196), and the role of health care workers (p = 1.000) with the ownership of latrines in the Madiun City, Manguharjo.   Keywords: Latrine, income, knowledge, attitude.

scholarly journals FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEPEMILIKAN JAMBAN SEHAT DI DESA MALIKIAN, KALIMANTAN BARAT

IKESMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Otik Widyastutik
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

The World Bank states that the 2010 data 22% of Indonesian people has not had a sanitation facility (latrine). The existence of latrines in Indonesia, according to World Bank data in 2010 about 22% of Indonesia's population does not have latrines. The coverage ofnational guard to urban areas with 79% and 49% for rural areas. Most of the sludge removal is using the river or dug wells which do not have the requirements of health latrine and contiminate the ground water. Based on the data obtained from the Health CenterCommunity Mempawah Hilir in 2014 of 855 homes were inspected as many as 530 households, households have basic sanitation facilities such as latrines in the Health Center Community Mempawah downstream for 420 households or 79%. This study aims todetermine the relationship between the factors of income, knowledge, and attitude, with the ownership of latrines in Malikian, Mempawah Hilir. The research method uses observational design with cross sectional approach. The sample in this study are mothers who have children under five do not have latrines that sebayak 64 respondents. The sampling technique using random sampling. Statistical analysis using chi square test. Decision of research hypothesis testing based on the significance level of 5% (p = 0.05) and confidence interval (CI) 95%. The result show that there are relationship between income and the latrine ownership (p = 0.037), knowledge(p = 0.037) and attitude (p = 0.037). The result shows no relationship between education (p = 0196), and the role of health care workers (p =1.000) with the ownership of latrines in the Malikian, Mempawah Hilir. Keywords: Latrine, income, knowledge, attitude. Keberadaan jamban di Indonesia menurut data Bank Dunia tahun 2010 sekitar 22%. Secara nasional, untuk daerah perkotaan yaitu 79 % dan untuk daerah pedesaan 49%. Sebagian besar pembuangan tinja masih dilakukan ke sungai atau mempergunakansumur galian yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan sehingga mencemari air tanah. Berdasarkan data yang di peroleh dari Puskesmas Mempawah Hilir pada tahun 2014 dari 855 rumah yang dilakukan pemeriksaan sebanyak 530 rumah tangga, rumah tangga yangmemiliki sarana sanitasi dasar berupa jamban di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mempawah Hilir sebesar 420 rumah tangga atau 79%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor penghasilan, pengetahuan, dan sikap, dengan kepemilikan jamban di Desa Malikian, Mempawah Hilir, Kalimantan Barat. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah rumah tangga yang memiliki balita yaitu sebanyak 64 responden, di ambil dengan menggunakan random sampling. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan penghasilan terhadap kepemilikan jamban (p = 0.037), pengetahuan (p = 0.037) dan sikap (p = 0.037). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara pendidikan (p = 0.196), dan peran petugas kesehatan (p = 1.000) dengan kepemilikan jamban di Desa Malikian, Mempawah Hilir. Kata kunci : Jamban, penghasilan, pengetahuan, sikap.

scholarly journals Risk factor assessment and screening for diabetes in field practice area of a private medical college in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathish Dev ◽  
Timsi Jain ◽  
Sivaprakasam P. ◽  
Dinesh Raja
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Field Practice

Background: Diabetes, which was known to be an epidemic in the urban areas, has been found to be increasing rapidly in the rural areas too as a result of the socioeconomic transitions. Diabetes is no longer only a disease of the elderly but is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality affecting youth and middle aged people.Methods: Screening camp for diabetes was conducted by the Department of Community Medicine in three different areas in the field practice area of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital viz. Thirumazhisai, Kuthambakkam and Velavedu in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu on 7th April 2016 as a part of World Health Day 2016 celebration. Data was collected using a predesigned interview schedule. Descriptive statistics was calculated using rates, ratios & proportions. Univariate analysis was done using Chi square test to find the association between various factors and diabetes status. A parsimonious regression model was developed to find the predictor variables for diabetes.Results: A total of 188 people aged above 18 years attended the screening camps. Majority of the camp attendees were females (62.2%). Proportion of people having diabetes (already diagnosed plus newly screened) was found to be 18.1% out of which 3.2% were screened positive for diabetes. On regression analysis, Intake of alcohol and perceived stress were found to be significantly associated with diabetes (p<0.05).Conclusions: This study highlights a significant burden of undiagnosed cases of diabetes in the community. This indicates the need for systematic screening and awareness programs to identify the undiagnosed cases in the community and offer early life style modifications, treatment and regular follow up to such individuals.

scholarly journals Characterization of Child Maltreatment Cases Identified in Health Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi Manzini Macedo ◽  
Priscila Lawrenz ◽  
Jean Von Hohendorff ◽  
Clarissa Pinto Pizarro Freitas ◽  
Silvia Helena Koller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Child maltreatment is a severe Public Health issue. To understand its associated factors, our study analyzed 14.564 cases of child maltreatment recorded in the state of Rio Grande do Sul between 2010 and 2014. In our study, we analyzed immediate contextual aspects (child’s gender and developmental stage, perpetrator’s gender, family relationship between the victim and the perpetrator) and intermediate aspects (health professionals’ response). Chi-square analysis showed that girls were more likely to be vulnerable to sexual and psychological abuse, especially in middle childhood. Boys, on the other hand, were more likely to experience neglect in infancy and physical abuse in middle childhood. Males were the main perpetrators. Our results are discussed, based on a theoretical review of the sociocultural conceptions of child developmental characteristics, parenting practices, and gender roles. We suggest changes in the notification process and case referral.

Evaluation of access to electricity and the socioeconomic effects in rural and urban expanses of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toluwalope Ogunro ◽  
Luqman Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government ◽  
Electricity Access

PurposeRecently, multidimensional aspects of poverty has been increasingly focused on which includes education, economy and health, while access to modern energy such as stable electricity is also one of the possible solution; thus, this article aims to divulge the relation between access to electricity and progression in socioeconomic status in urban and rural areas of Nigeria in an attempt to propose a sustainable framework for access to electricity.Design/methodology/approachDemographic and health survey data are collected using four categories of model of questionnaires. A standard questionnaire was designed to gather information on features of the household's dwelling element and attributes of visitors and usual residents between the 2018 period. Biomarker questionnaire was used to gather biomarker data on men, women and children. Logistic model estimation technique was employed to estimate the socioeconomic factors affecting access to electricity in Nigeria.FindingsThese studies discovered that there are diverse set of factors affecting access to electricity in Nigeria especially in the rural areas. However, respondent residing in rural areas are still largely deprived access to electricity; most importantly, households with no access to electricity are more likely to use self-generating sets as revealed. Additionally, empirical findings indicated that the higher the level of your education and wealth, the higher the likelihood of having access to electricity in Nigeria. These factors included political will to connect the rural areas to the national grid, development of other infrastructures in those deprived areas and others.Practical implicationsThe problem confronting access to electricity in Nigeria has three components. The first is the significance of those deprived access to electricity in the rural areas and the physical resources needed to connect them to the national grid. The second is the political willingness of the government to have equitable distribution of public goods evenly between rural and urban areas especially on electricity access which will go a long way in reducing poverty in Nigeria. The third is lack of robust national development plans and strategy to tackle the problems facing electricity access in Nigeria.Social implicationsAs the rate of socioeconomic status/development increases, access to electricity is anticipated to rise up in Nigeria.Originality/valueThe findings can be used by the policy makers to address problems facing access to electricity in Nigeria.

Ecological Governance and the Sustainability of Rural Household Water Conservation Systems in the Savannah Region of Ghana

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Prosper Bazaanah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Inclusion ◽  
Ecological Governance ◽  
And Gender

This chapter examined the link between ecological governance and water conservation as sustainable pathways for enhancing rural livelihoods in the Savannah Region. Designs adopted were post-positivist and cross-sectional. Probability sampling techniques were used to sample 450 household and official respondents. Questionnaires were administered, while descriptive statistics and chi-square test were utilised to analyse the data. Findings showed significant relationship between conservation initiatives, finance, rehabilitation/maintenance, and gender inclusion and domestic water conservation. Therefore, with commitment to maintenance, funding, and gender inclusion in water decisions, there is the likely for water to be locally sustainable in rural communities of the region. Democratic, decentralised, and participatory approaches to ecological governance and empowerment of the local communities are recommended as essential preconditions for achieving ecologically self-governing communities and sustaining domestic water systems in the rural areas of the region.

scholarly journals Association between congenital malformation and neonatal and maternal variables in neonatal units of a Northeast Brazilian city

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola Chaves Fontoura ◽  
Maria Vera Lúcia Moreira Leitão Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformation ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Neonatal Nursing ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Musculoskeletal Systems

Congenital malformations occur due to genetic, environmental, and mixed factors or unknown causes. This study aimed to investigate the existence of a relationship between the type of congenital malformation and maternal and neonatal variables. This prospective, quantitative study was conducted in three public neonatal units in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Data were collected from the medical records of 159 malformed neonates and analyzed using the Chi-square test (χ2), significance level of 5% (p<0.05). The majority of the newborns were male, 85 (53%), 91 (57%) born full-term, and 82 (52%) weighed between 2500g and 3999g. Malformations of the central nervous and musculoskeletal systems exceeded the other categories. Variables such as gender, gestational age, birth weight, drug use, maternal age, family income, education level, and number of children showed statistically significant associations with the categories of malformations (p<0.05). Maternal and neonatal factors have close relationships with the type of malformation, with these data providing support for neonatal nursing care.

scholarly journals How does household characteristics influence their waste management?

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 06005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwini Handayani ◽  
Beta Yulianita Gitaharie ◽  
Restananda Nabilla Yussac ◽  
Rian Sabrina Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Management Behaviour ◽  
And Gender

The amount of waste generated is ever-increasing due to population growth, however adequate waste management has never been a focus in everyday life. The action of the household as the beginning stage of waste management is also crucial. How households manage their waste is also influenced by their socio-economic characteristics. This study aims to investigate household characteristics that influence their waste management. This study employed the Indonesian Family Life Survey 2014 data using probit regression method. The result shows that location significantly affect waste management behaviour which households in urban areas hold higher probability to manage their waste compared to those in rural areas. The level of education and knowledge also have positive impact on household’s waste management. The level of income also positively affect waste management behaviour of households. Demographic variables such as age and gender are significant and indicate that women and older people have better waste management compared to men and younger people. These results support the hypothesis that household’s waste management behaviour is significantly influenced by their characteristics.

Demographic and socioeconomic factors affecting infant mortality in Egypt

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Y. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Reduce Infant Mortality ◽  
Nationally Representative

SummaryThis paper analyses the relative importance of demographic and socioeconomic factors with respect to their role in reducing infant mortality in Egypt.Logit analyses of data from a nationally representative sample of Egyptian households, and for urban and rural households separately, indicate that demographic factors have more effect on infant mortality than socioeconomic factors. The results also show the need to improve housing in urban areas and sewerage systems in rural areas in order to reduce infant mortality. One of the most important policy conclusions, however, concerns the importance of providing a vigorous educational campaign to enlighten mothers and prospective mothers in both rural and urban areas on the positive effects of breast-feeding, longer birth intervals, and fewer children on the survival of infants.

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