Evaluation of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody in Healthcare Professionals Infected with COVID-19

Background: The knowledge of antibody’s significance and frequency in patients cured of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is extremely limited. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Healthcare professionals infected with SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled in this study. The levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were detected 15 days after the onset of symptoms and five months later. Results: A total of 167 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were evaluated, including 119 (71.3%) females and 48 (28.7%) males. Of the 88 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive patients, 55 (62.5%) had IgG-positive antibodies, and of the 79 reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR-negative patients, 12 (16.9%) had IgG-positive antibodies. Out of 23 anosmia cases, 19 (82.6%) had positive antibodies. There was a significant relationship between anosmia and positive antibody (P = 0.001), but there was no correlation between antibody titers and gender and other disease symptoms. Immortally, 63 (94%) cases demonstrated high levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies after five months of infection. Moreover, 6.5% (N = 11) of the total population were re-infected with COVID-19 six months later. Conclusions: Overall, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies detection may be an appropriate method to identify suspected patients with a negative RT-PCR test. Antibodies can remain high in most infected patients for up to five months after infection. Moreover, anosmia seems to be a valuable diagnostic factor, and the healthcare system should implement isolation measures for patients with anosmia.

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COVID-19 convalescent children – outcomes after congenital heart surgery

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951121004509 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Shreedhar S. Joshi ◽

Manaswini Keshava ◽

Keshava S. Murthy ◽

Ganesh Sambandamoorthy ◽

Riyan Shetty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart ◽

Heart Surgery ◽

Congenital Heart Surgery ◽

Postoperative Outcomes ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Symptomatic Infection ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

And Control

Abstract Background – Children with exposure to COVID-19 in recent times (asymptomatic or symptomatic infection) approaching congenital heart surgery (CHS) program are in increasing numbers. Understanding outcomes of such children will help risk-stratify and guide optimization prior to CHS. Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine whether convalescent COVID-19 children undergoing congenital heart surgery have any worse mortality or postoperative outcomes. Design: Consecutive children undergoing CHS from Oct 2020 to May 2021 were enrolled after testing for RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase chain test) or rapid antigen test (RAT) and IgG antibody prior to surgery. Convalescent COVID-19 was defined in any asymptomatic patient positive for IgG antibodies and negative for RT-PCR or RAT anytime 6 weeks prior to surgery. Control patients were negative for any of the three tests. Mortality and postoperative outcomes were compared among the groups. Results: 1129 consecutive CHS were stratified as convalescence and control. COVID-19 Convalescent (n=349) and COVID-19 control (n=780) groups were comparable for all demographic and clinical factors except younger and smaller kids in control. Convalescent children had no higher mortality, ventilation duration, ICU and hospital stay, no higher support with ECMO, HFNC, no higher need for re-intubations, re-admissions, and no higher infections as CLABSI, SSI, and VAP on comparison with COVID-19 control children. Conclusions: Convalescent COVID-19 do not have any unfavorable outcomes as compared to COVID-19 control children. Positive IgG antibody screening prior to surgery is suggestive of convalescence and supports comparable outcomes on par with control peers.

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Can we predict antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2? A cohort analysis

10.1101/2021.03.15.21253267 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mary Gaeddert ◽

Philip Kitchen ◽

Tobias Broger ◽

Stefan Weber ◽

Ralf Bartenschlager ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

High Antibody ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Median Increase ◽

Antibody Titers

AbstractBackgroundAfter infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and virus-specific neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) develop. This study describes antibody responses in a cohort of recovered COVID-19 patients to identify predictors.MethodsWe recruited patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from Heidelberg, Germany. Blood samples were collected three weeks after COVID-19 symptoms ended. Participants with high antibody titers were invited for follow-up visits. IgG titers were measured by the Euroimmun Assay, and nAbs titers in a SARS-CoV-2 infection-based assay.Results281 participants were enrolled between April and August 2020 with IgG testing, 145 (51.6%) had nAbs, and 35 (12.5%) had follow-up. The median IgG optical density (OD) ratio was 3.1 (Interquartile range (IQR) 1.6-5.1), and 24.1% (35/145) had a nAb titer>1:80. Higher IgG titers were associated with increased age and more severe disease, and higher nAbs were associated with male gender and CT-value of 25-30 on RT-PCR at diagnosis. The median IgG OD ratio on follow-up was 3.7 (IQR 2.9-5.9), a median increase of 0.5 (IQR −0.3-1.7). Six participants with follow-up nAbs all had titers ≤ 1:80.ConclusionsWhile age and disease severity were correlated with IgG responses, predictive factors for nAbs in convalescent patients remain unclear.

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Hematological values associated to the serological and molecular diagnostic in cats suspected of Ehrlichia canisinfection

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612013000400005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 470-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

ísis Assis Braga ◽

Luana Gabriela Ferreira dos Santos ◽

Andréia Lima Tomé Melo ◽

Felipe Wolf Jaune ◽

Thaysa Felfili Ziliani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Diagnostic ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Pcr Targeting ◽

Veterinary Hospital ◽

Hematological Alterations

The literature contains several studies on feline ehrlichiosis. However, information about the characteristics of Ehrlichiainfection in cats is still scanty. This study evaluated the association between Ehrlichia spp. infection and the hematologic data of 93 cats treated at the Federal University of Mato Grosso Veterinary Hospital in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The presence of or exposure to Ehrlichia spp. infection was evaluated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the dsb and 16S rRNA gene of Ehrlichia, and by detection of anti-Ehrlichia canis IgG antibodies in Indirect Fluorescence Assay (IFA), respectively. Eight (8.6%) cats tested positive by PCR and the partial DNA sequence obtained from PCR products was a 100% match to E. canis. Forty-two (45.1%) cats showed antibody reactivity against Ehrlichia spp. Hematological alterations such as low erythrocyte count, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia and monocytosis were observed in PCR positive cats. Among them, low erythrocyte counts were associated with IgG antibody titers of 40 to 640 and five cats also tested positive by PCR. Furthermore, PCR-positive cats showed a tendency to be lymphopenic. No correlation was found between age and sex, and no ticks were observed in any of the examined cats.

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Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR of Defense-Associated Gene Transcripts of Rhizoctonia solani-Infected Bean Seedlings in Response to Inoculation with a Nonpathogenic Binucleate Rhizoctonia Isolate

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-95-0345 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 345-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Kui Wen ◽

Philippe Seguin ◽

Marc St.-Arnaud ◽

Suha Jabaji-Hare

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽

Gene Activation ◽

Disease Suppression ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Defense Gene ◽

Binucleate Rhizoctonia ◽

Gene Transcripts ◽

Polymerase Chain

Certain isolates of nonpathogenic binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. (np-BNR) are effective biocontrol agents against seedling root rot and damping-off. Inoculation of bean seed with np-BNR strain 232-CG at sowing reduced disease symptoms in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seedlings caused by R. solani. Molecular analyses of the spatial expression of three defense-associated genes were carried out using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) assays. This method allowed accurate quantitative evaluation of transcript levels of pG101 encoding for 1,3-β-D-glucanase, gPAL1 encoding for phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and CHS17 encoding for chalcone synthase in 1- and 2-week-old bean seedlings that were inoculated simultaneously with np-BNR and infected with R. solani, and in seedlings that were singly inoculated with either fungi or not inoculated. In the seedlings that were infected with R. solani only, results revealed that, following infection, activation of all defense-associated gene transcripts was achieved with significant increases ranging from 7- to 40-fold greater than the control, depending on the defense gene and tissue analyzed. Seedlings that were treated with np-BNR and infected with R. solani had expression similar to those that were treated with np-BNR only, but the levels were significantly down-regulated compared with those that were infected with R. solani only. These findings indicate that disease suppression by np-BNR isolate is not correlated to pG101, gPAL1, and CHS17 gene activation.

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Seroepidemiological Study of Novel Corona Virus (CoVID-19) in Tehran, Iran

10.1101/2021.01.18.20248911 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zeinab Tabanejad ◽

Sorena Darvish ◽

Zeinab Borjian Boroujeni ◽

Seyed Saeed Asadi ◽

Morteza Mesri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

False Negative ◽

Underlying Disease ◽

Population Based ◽

Immunological Methods ◽

Age Group ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exposed Population

AbstractA novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread to all countries of the world, including Iran. Although new anti-coronavirus antibodies in patients may be identified by immunological methods with sufficient sensitivity and specificity, the conclusive diagnosis of the disease is by the molecular RT-PCR process. We used a population-based seroepidemiological survey to quantify the proportion of the exposed population with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and evaluated whether the antibodies are a marker of total or partial immunity to the proportion of the population that remains susceptible to the virus. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of CoVID-19 in Tehran, the capital of Iran, between April and end of October 2020. Specimens of clotted and heparinized blood (2ml) were collected from the patients. The serum and plasma were separated and stored at − 80LJ°C until use. We examined serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies from 1375 in-patients admitted to our hospitals using ELISA kits. In total, 1375 participants were enrolled in this study, and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected using IgM-IgG antibody assay in 291 patients. Among the seropositive patients studied, 187 were men (64.3%), and 104 were women (35.7%) (P<0.05). The mean age of the patients was 49±8.4 years; the majority (27%) were in age group 31-40 years. Also, the lowest frequency of cases was reported in the age group of 1-10 years (P <0.05). We determined the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 for IgM or IgG antibodies to be 21.2%. Diabetes mellitus was the most common underlying disease among SARS-CoV-2 patients [P=0.05; Odd Ratio=1.61(0.90-2.91)]. Conventional serological assays in SARS-CoV-2 cases, such as the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for specific IgM and IgG antibodies, have a high-throughput advantage and minimize false-negative rates that occur with the RT-PCR method. This study determined the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to be 21%. Control of diabetes among other cases factors shall play important role in management and control of COVID-19.

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Symptoms COVID 19 Positive Vapers Compared to COVID 19 Positive Non-vapers

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health ◽

10.1177/21501319211062672 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 215013192110626

Author(s):

David D. McFadden ◽

Shari L. Bornstein ◽

Robert Vassallo ◽

Bradley R. Salonen ◽

Mohammed Nadir Bhuiyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Symptom Experience ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Robust Variance ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

And Gender ◽

Variance Estimates ◽

The Impact

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess and describe the severity of symptoms reported by Covid-19 positive patients who vaped (smoked e-cigarettes) when compared to those who did not vape or smoke at the time of the diagnosis of Covid-19. Methods: Patients from this study are from a well-characterized patient cohort collected at Mayo Clinic between March 1, 2020 and February 28, 2021; with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis defined as a positive result on reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assays from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Among the 1734 eligible patients, 289 patients reported current vaping. The cohort of vapers (N = 289) was age and gender matched to 1445 covid-19 positive patients who did not vape. The data analyzed included: date of birth, gender, ethnicity, race, marital status, as well as lifestyle history such as vaping and smoking and reported covid-19 symptoms experienced. Results: A logistic regression analysis was performed separately for each symptom using generalized estimating equations (GEE) with robust variance estimates in order to account for the 1:5 age, sex, and race matched set study design. Patients who vaped and developed Covid-19 infection were more likely to have chest pain or tightness (16% vs 10%, vapers vs non vapers, P = .005), chills (25% vs 19%, vapers vs non vapers, P = .0016), myalgia (39% vs 32%, vapers vs non vapers, P = .004), headaches (49% vs 41% vapers vs non vapers, P = .026), anosmia/dysgeusia (37% vs 30%, vapers vs non vapers, P = .009), nausea/vomiting/abdominal pain (16% vs 10%, vapers vs non vapers, P = .003), diarrhea (16% vs 10%, vapers vs non vapers, P = .004), and non-severe light-headedness (16% vs 9%, vapers vs non vapers, P < .001). Conclusion: Vapers experience higher frequency of covid-19 related symptoms when compared with age and gender matched non-vapers. Further work should examine the impact vaping has on post-covid symptom experience.

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Corticosteroid injections during the COVID-19 pandemic

Bone & Joint Open ◽

10.1302/2633-1462.19.bjo-2020-0130.r1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (9) ◽

pp. 605-611 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David McKean ◽

Siok Li Chung ◽

Rory Fairhead ◽

Oliver Bannister ◽

Malgorzata Magliano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Antibody Test ◽

British Society ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Antibody Testing ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Thoracic Imaging ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Corticosteroid Injections

Aims To describe the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes related to COVID-19 infection following corticosteroid injections (CSI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. To describe the incidence of positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, positive SARS-COV2 IgG antibody testing or positive imaging findings following CSI at our institution during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A retrospective observational study was undertaken of consecutive patients who had CSI in our local hospitals between 1 February and 30June 2020. Electronic patient medical records (EPR) and radiology information system (RIS) database were reviewed. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, SARS-COV2 IgG antibody testing, radiological investigations, patient management, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Lung findings were categorized according to the British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) guidelines. Reference was made to the incidence of lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases in our region. Results Overall, 1,656 lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified in our upper tier local authority (UTLA), a rate of 306.6 per 100,000, as of 30June 2020. A total of 504 CSI injections were performed on 443 patients between 1 February and 30June 2020. A total of 11 RT-PCR tests were performed on nine patients (2% of those who had CSI), all of which were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and five patients (1.1%) received an SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody test, of which 2 (0.5%) were positive consistent with prior COVID-19 infection, however both patients were asymptomatic. Seven patients (1.6%) had radiological investigations for respiratory symptoms. One patient with indeterminate ground glass change was identified. Conclusion The incidence of positive COVID-19 infection following corticosteroid injections was very low in our cohort and no adverse clinical outcomes related to COVID-19 infection following CSI were identified. Our findings are consistent with CSI likely being low risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this small observational study are supportive of the current multi-society guidelines regarding the judicious use of CSI. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-9:605–611.

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Anti-S. typhi Vi IgG levels in children with and without typhoid vaccinations

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi54.5.2014.284-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 284

Author(s):

Sriandayani Sriandayani ◽

Tonny H. Rampengan ◽

Hesti Lestari ◽

Novie Rampengan

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Protective Antibody ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender ◽

Antibody Levels

Background Typhoid fever is endemic to Indonesia, with an annual incidence of 13/10,000 people. Vaccination has been shown to be an effective method to prevent typhoid fever. Of several vaccine types, the polysaccharide Vi vaccine is the most commonly used typhoid vaccine in developing countries. Results of previous studies remain inconclusive on the necessity of revaccination every 3 years.Objective To compare the mean serum anrioody titers of anti-S. typhi Vi IgG and the proportion of children with protective antibody levels between children with and without typhoid Vi vaccination.Methods We conducted a cross-secrional study at Tuminring District, 11anado from June to September 2012. Data was analyzed using independent T-test and Fisher's test. Serum anti-S. typhi Vi IgG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results Seventy-six subjects were divided into two groups: 38 children who had received the typhoid Vi vaccination more than 3 years prior to this study and 38 children who never had typhoid vaccinations as a control group. No statistically significant difference in age and gender was found between the two groups. The mean serum anti-Vi IgG level was 0.55 ug/mL (SD 0.58; 95%CI 0.36 to 0.74) in the vaccinated group, significantly higher than that of the control group [0.31 ug/mL (SD 0.12); 950/£1 0.17 to 0.44; P􀂥0.0381. The proportion of children with protective antiNi antioody level was higher in the vaccinated group (23.7%) than in the control group (10.5%), howevet; this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.128).Conclusion The mean serum anti-S. typhi Vi IgG antibody level in children who had been vaccinated more than 3 years prior to the study is higher than in children who had never received typhoid vaccinations. Nevertheless, the mean antibody titers are generally non-protective in ooth groups. Also, the proportion of children with protective antibody levels is not significantly different between the two groups.

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Serum IgG Antibodies against Periodontal Microbes and Cancer Mortality

JDR Clinical & Translational Research ◽

10.1177/2380084419859484 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 166-175

Author(s):

Z. Zhong ◽

Q. Jin ◽

J. Zhang ◽

Y.M. Park ◽

D. Shrestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Actinomyces Naeslundii ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽

Yellow Orange ◽

Z Scores ◽

Antibody Titers

Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition initiated by microorganisms and is positively linked to systemic conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. Objectives: To prospectively investigate associations between empirically derived clusters of IgG antibodies against 19 selected periodontal microorganisms and cancer mortality in a representative sample of the US population. Methods: We evaluated 6,491 participants aged ≥40 y from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1994), who had complete data on IgG antibody titers against 19 selected periodontal microorganisms and were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer. In a prior study, antibodies were categorized into 4 mutually exclusive groups via cluster analysis: red-green, orange-red, yellow-orange, and orange-blue. Cluster scores were estimated by summing z scores of the antibody titers making up each cluster. Participants were followed up to death until December 31, 2011. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for all-cancer mortality by tertiles of cluster scores. Results: During follow-up for a median of 15.9 y, there were 2,702 deaths (31.3%), including 631 cancer-related deaths (8.1%). After adjusting for multiple confounders, the orange-blue cluster was inversely associated with cancer mortality (tertile 2 vs. tertile 1: HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.84; tertile 3 vs tertile 1: HR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.46 to 0.84). The association between the yellow-orange cluster and all-cancer mortality was also inverse but not significant, and the orange-red cluster and the red-green cluster were not associated with all-cancer mortality. Conclusions: Antibodies against Eubacterium nodatum and Actinomyces naeslundii may be novel predictors of cancer mortality. If further studies establish a causal relationship between these antibodies and cancer mortality, they could be targets to prevent possible systemic effects of periodontal disease with potential interventions to raise their levels. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Periodontal antibodies against Eubacterium nodatum and Actinomyces naeslundii were inversely associated with cancer mortality among adults followed up for an average of 16 y. Periodontal antibodies may predict cancer mortality.

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Potential Use of Antigen-Based Rapid Test for SARS-CoV-2 in Respiratory Specimens in Low-Resource Settings in Egypt for Symptomatic Patients and High-Risk Contacts

Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1093/labmed/lmaa104 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abeer Mohamed Abdelrazik ◽

Shahira Morsy Elshafie ◽

Hossam M Abdelaziz

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Rapid Test ◽

University Hospital ◽

Antigen Test ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Viral Transport Medium ◽

Public Health Challenges ◽

Polymerase Chain

Abstract Objective Because of the rapidly emerging SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and its wide public health challenges, rapid diagnosis is essential to decrease the spread. Antigen-based rapid detection tests are available; however, insufficient data about their performance are available. Methods The lateral-flow immunochromatographic BIOCREDIT COVID-19 antigen test was evaluated using nasopharyngeal swabs in a viral transport medium from patients with confirmed infection, contacts, and exposed healthcare professionals at Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt. Test performance was determined in comparison to the SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Results Three hundred ten specimens from 3 categories—patients with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19, contacts, and exposed healthcare professionals—were included; 188 specimens were RT-PCR-positive, from which 81 were detected by rapid antigen test. Overall sensitivity was 43.1%. Sensitivity was significantly higher in specimens with high viral loads. Conclusion Poor sensitivity of the BIOCREDIT COVID-19 test does not permit its use for diagnosis, and it can only be used in conjunction with RT-PCR for screening.

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