The First Report of Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Relative Abundance in Obese Iranian Population

Background and Objectives: Obesity is a multifactorial disorder, and gut microbiota has a fundamental role in its pathophysiology. Bacteroides spp. has significant roles in gut microbiota- host interactions that determine health and disease development. Since the gut microbiota pattern changes based on different criteria in each population, we studied the abundance of two important Bacteroides strains, Bacteroides fragilis, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, in Iranian obese and normal-weight subjects for the first time. Methods: In this study, 100 participants were recruited and classified based on their body mass index (BMI). The subjects were divided into normal (average BMI, 22.37 kg/m2) and obese (average BMI, 29.10 kg/m2) groups. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the samples, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was conducted based on 16s rDNA universal primers. Finally, the correlation between bacterial abundance and obesity was investigated. Results: The results of qPCR showed that the relative abundance means of B. fragilis in normal weight and obese subjects was 8.68 × 1012 and 9.27 × 1012 cfu/mL, respectively. Also, the relative abundance mean of B. thetaiotaomicron in normal weight and obese subjects was 2.32 × 1012 and 5.39 × 1012 cfu/mL, respectively. Although obese subjects had more B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron abundance compared to subjects with normal weight, no significant difference was identified between relative abundance of B. fragilis (P = 0.79) and B. thetaiotaomicron (P = 0.18) in the two groups. Conclusions: Although obese subjects had more B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron abundance compared to normal-weight subjects, no significant difference was identified between the two groups. Since Bacteroides spp. have significant role in gut microbiota-host interaction, determination of their abundance in obesity development and targeting restoration of gut microbiota pattern could be valuable in controlling obesity. In this regard, dietary intervention could be based on determination of gut microbiota pattern in certain populations.

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Gut microbiota markers associated with obesity and overweight in Italian adults

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84928-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vanessa Palmas ◽

Silvia Pisanu ◽

Veronica Madau ◽

Emanuela Casula ◽

Andrea Deledda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Smoking Status ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Activity Level ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Illumina Platform ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractIn the present study, we characterized the distinctive signatures of the gut microbiota (GM) from overweight/obese patients (OB), and normal-weight controls (NW), both of Sardinian origin. Fecal bacterial composition of 46 OB patients (BMI = 36.6 ± 6.0; F/M = 40/6) was analyzed and compared to that of 46 NW subjects (BMI = 21.6 ± 2.1; F/M = 41/5), matched for sex, age and smoking status, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on MiSeq Illumina platform. The gut microbial community of OB patients exhibited a significant decrease in the relative abundance of several Bacteroidetes taxa (i.e. Flavobacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Flavobacterium, Rikenella spp., Pedobacter spp., Parabacteroides spp., Bacteroides spp.) when compared to NW; instead, several Firmicutes taxa were significantly increased in the same subjects (Lachnospiraceae, Gemellaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Thermicanaceae, Gemella, Mitsuokella, Streptococcus, Acidaminococcus spp., Eubacterium spp., Ruminococcus spp., Megamonas spp., Streptococcus, Thermicanus, Megasphaera spp. and Veillonella spp.). Correlation analysis indicated that body fatness and waist circumference negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes taxa, while Firmicutes taxa positively correlated with body fat and negatively with muscle mass and/or physical activity level. Furthermore, the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family, known to exhibit endotoxic activity, was increased in the OB group compared to NW. The results extend our knowledge on the GM profiles in Italian OB, identifying novel taxa linking obesity and intestine.

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Salivary Microbiome in Children With Down Syndrome

10.21203/rs.3.rs-927100/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Seiji Morishima ◽

Kaori Takeda ◽

Setsue Greenan ◽

Yoshinobu Maki

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Genetic Disorder ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

16S Sequencing ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Down syndrome (DS), a most frequently occurring genetic disorder, is associated with oral morphological abnormalities and higher incidence rates of oral diseases. Recent studies have analyzed the oral microbiome to elucidate their relationships with oral diseases and general health; however, reports on the oral microbiome in individuals with DS are scarce. This study aimed to characterize the oral microbiome in children with DS. The salivary microbiomes of children with DS (DS) and children without DS (ND) aged 1 to 12 years were compared. Results of culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection tests for cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria showed no significant differences in the detected bacteria between the DS and ND groups, with the exception of a significantly higher detection rate of Candida albicans in children with DS with mixed dentition. A comparison of the salivary microbiomes by 16S sequencing showed no significant difference in α diversity; however, it showed a significant difference in β diversity. Children with DS had a higher relative abundance of Corynebacterium and Cardiobacterium, and lower relative abundance of TM7. This study provided basic data on the salivary microbiome of children with DS and further identified a characteristic microbiological marker of children with DS.

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Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need in Obese Adolescents

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2015/876931 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Rita Giuca ◽

Marco Pasini ◽

Silvia Caruso ◽

Simona Tecco ◽

Stefano Necozione ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Dental Health ◽

Test Group ◽

Case Control ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment Need ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Obese Subjects

Aim. This case-control retrospective study is aimed at assessing if obese adolescents need more orthodontic treatment in comparison with normal-weight patients of the same age.Methods. The test group included 100 obese subjects (50 males and 50 females; average age: 13.09 ± 1.19 years old) and the control group included 100 normal-weight patients matched for age and sex (50 males and 50 females; average age: 13.07 ± 1.26 years old). Clinical examinations were conducted on dental casts to assess the need of orthodontic treatment, by using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) (DHC, dental health component; AC, aesthetic components).Results. No statistically significant difference (P>0.05) was observed between the two groups with regard to AC. Obese females showed a significant (P<0.05) higher percentage of DHC 3 (32%) in comparison to the normal-weight girls (22%); for the other grades of DHC and for the single kind of malocclusion, no significant difference was found.Conclusions. Obese adolescents showed a similar need for orthodontic treatment compared to normal-weight patients of the same age. However, in obese females, a slightly greater need for orthodontic treatment was observed, compared to normal-weight patients.

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Distortion of body image in the obese: a sensory phenomenon

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329170000831x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 633-641 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Rick M. Gardner ◽

Renée Martinez ◽

Tracy Espinoza ◽

Venice Gallegos

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Clinical Intervention ◽

Normal Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Sensory Sensitivity ◽

Detection Analysis ◽

Body Regions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

And Control

SynopsisBody weight in 42 obese and normal weight subjects was measured using a video TV monitor. Tasks included a continuous task where subjects manipulated the width of their body image on TV, and a discrete task, where they judged the accuracy of their TV image which was presented as either normal, too heavy, or too thin. Subjects rated their full body, body regions which included face, waist, and thighs, and two inanimate control objects. Results from the continuous task revealed that obese subjects overestimated body size more than normals. There was also a significant difference in the ratings of the four body regions, with all regions overestimated. Judgements were more accurate for body regions and control objects on ascending trials where the subjects had to increase the width of the image. No differences were obtained between obese and normals on judgements of the control objects. On the discrete discrimination task, a signal detection analysis revealed sensory sensitivity differences between obese and normal weight subjects. Obese subjects were poorer at detecting size distortions of the body regions. The thin/normal discrimination was more difficult than the heavy/normal discrimination. No response criterion differences were found between obese and control subjects, although subjects adopted a more strict criterion with the thin/normal discriminations. Implications of these findings for clinical intervention in eating disorders are discussed.

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Rotten-skin disease significantly changed giant spiny frog(Paa spinosa) gut microbiota

10.1101/2020.01.13.905588 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tuoyu He ◽

Yun Jiang ◽

Pengpeng Wang ◽

Jianguo Xiang ◽

Wangcheng Pan

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Skin Disease ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Host Health ◽

Host Diet ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractThe composition and abundance of gut microbiota is essential for host health and immunity. Gut microbiota is symbiotic with the host, so changes in the host diet, development, and health will lead to changes in the gut microbiota. Conversely, changes in the gut microbiota also affect the host conditions. In this experiment, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to compare the gut microbiota composition of 5 healthy Paa Spinosa and 6 P. spinosa with rotten-skin disease. Results: the gut microbiota composition was significant difference between diseased P. spinosa and the healthy P. spinosa; LEfSe analysis showed that the relative abundance of Methanocorpusculum, Parabacteroides, AF12, PW3, Epulopiscium, and Oscillospira were significantly higher in the diseased P. spinosa, while the relative abundance of Serratia, Eubacteium, Citrobacter, and Morganella were significantly lower. Conclusion: Rotten-skin disease changed P. spinosa gut microbiota significantly; The relative abundance of Epulopiscium and Oscillospira might be related to the health conditions of the host skin and gallbladder; The relative abundance of Serratia and Eubacteium might be important for maintaining the gut microbiota ecosystem.

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Faecalibacterium prausnitzii increases following fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249861 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0249861

Author(s):

Olle Björkqvist ◽

Ignacio Rangel ◽

Lena Serrander ◽

Cecilia Magnusson ◽

Jonas Halfvarson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Active Role ◽

Common Species ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Predictive Capacity ◽

Clostridioides Difficile ◽

Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii ◽

Significant Difference

Objective Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). However, the fecal transplant’s causal components translating into clearance of the CDI are yet to be identified. The commensal bacteria Faecalibacterium prausnitzii may be of great interest in this context, since it is one of the most common species of the healthy gut microbiota and produces metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties. Although there is mounting evidence that F. prausnitzii is an important regulator of intestinal homeostasis, data about its role in CDI and FMT are relatively scarce. Methods Stool samples from patients with recurrent CDI were collected to investigate the relative abundance of F. prausnitzii before and after FMT. Twenty-one patients provided fecal samples before the FMT procedure, at 2 weeks post-FMT, and at 2–4 months post-FMT. The relative abundance of F. prausnitzii was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results The abundance of F. prausnitzii was elevated in samples (N = 9) from donors compared to pre-FMT samples (N = 15) from patients (adjusted P<0.001). No significant difference in the abundance of F. prausnitzii between responders (N = 11) and non-responders (N = 4) was found before FMT (P = 0.85). In patients with CDI, the abundance of F. prausnitzii significantly increased in the 2 weeks post-FMT samples (N = 14) compared to the pre-FMT samples (N = 15, adjusted P<0.001). The increase persisted 2–4 months post-FMT (N = 15) compared to pre-FMT samples (N = 15) (adjusted P<0.001). Conclusions FMT increases the relative abundance of F. prausnitzii in patients with recurrent CDI, and this microbial shift remains several months later. The baseline abundance of F. prausnitzii in donors or recipients was not associated with future treatment response, although a true predictive capacity cannot be excluded because of the limited sample size. Further studies are needed to discern whether F. prausnitzii plays an active role in the resolution of CDI.

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Effects of Regular Kefir Consumption on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Parallel-Group, Randomized, Controlled Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092089 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2089 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ezgi BELLIKCI-KOYU ◽

Banu Pınar SARER-YUREKLI ◽

Yakut AKYON ◽

Fadime AYDIN-KOSE ◽

Cem KARAGOZLU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Parallel Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Several health-promoting effects of kefir have been suggested, however, there is limited evidence for its potential effect on gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular kefir consumption on gut microbiota composition, and their relation with the components of metabolic syndrome. In a parallel-group, randomized, controlled clinical trial setting, patients with metabolic syndrome were randomized to receive 180 mL/day kefir (n = 12) or unfermented milk (n = 10) for 12 weeks. Anthropometrical measurements, blood samples, blood pressure measurements, and fecal samples were taken at the beginning and end of the study. Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a significant decrease by the intervention of kefir (p ≤ 0.05, for each). However, no significant difference was obtained between the kefir and unfermented milk groups (p > 0.05 for each). Gut microbiota analysis showed that regular kefir consumption resulted in a significant increase only in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria (p = 0.023). No significant change in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria or Verrucomicrobia by kefir consumption was obtained. Furthermore, the changes in the relative abundance of sub-phylum bacterial populations did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0.05, for each). Kefir supplementation had favorable effects on some of the metabolic syndrome parameters, however, further investigation is needed to understand its effect on gut microbiota composition.

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Signal-Detection Analysis of Recognition Memory of Obese Subjects

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1986.63.1.227 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 227-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rick M. Gardner ◽

Yvonne Sandoval ◽

Beth Reyes

Keyword(s):

Recognition Memory ◽

Signal Detection ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Detection Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Main Effect ◽

Signal Detection Analysis ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

And Control

Obese and normal-weight subjects were run on a series of recognition-memory tasks with low and high meaningful CVC trigrams. Subjects received feedback or no feedback regarding the appropriateness of their answers during testing for recognition memory. A signal-detection analysis was used to examine a relatively pure index of memory ( d') as compared to response-bias factors [Ln (β)]. No significant main effect on memory of obese and control subjects was noted although a significant interaction indicated that obese subjects' memory increases over trials in a differential fashion from normal-weight individuals with poorer performance among the obese after 3 trials. Feedback facilitated memory for both groups. Analysis of response criteria [Ln (β)] showed no significant difference between groups. Highly meaningful trigrams had a significantly lower response criterion than low meaningful trigrams and there was a significant interaction of meaningfulness by trials. An interaction of feedback by meaningfulness was also present. Advantages of using a signal-detection analysis in memory studies comparing obese and normal weight subjects are discussed. Ramifications of the present data for the internality/externality hypothesis of obesity are also discussed.

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Study on the Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Damp Heat Syndrome and Liver Depression and Spleen Deficiency Syndrome

10.21203/rs.3.rs-65426/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kaiping Jiang ◽

Qunfang Jiang ◽

Xiaoai Mo ◽

Jianhong Li ◽

Hongtao Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

16S Rdna ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Spleen Deficiency ◽

Rdna Sequencing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Heat Syndrome ◽

Spleen Deficiency Syndrome

Abstract Background: To explore the potential biological characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndromes in CHB patients is of great significance to improve the level of TCM treatment.This study was designed to explore the characteristics of gut microbiota in CHB patients with two most common TCM Syndromes.Methods: According to the diagnostic criteria of Western medicine, TCM and screening exclusion criteria, 65 cases of CHB patients with damp heat syndrome and 28 cases of CHB patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome were finally included in the study. All the basic information was gathered and the fresh fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. 16S rDNA of gut microbiota was sequenced using Illumina hiseq 2500 high-throughput sequencing platform.Based on the optimized sequence, OTU clustering analysis and taxonomic annotation were carried out. Results: The difference in relative abundance of gut microbiota was significant between damp heat syndrome and liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome in CHB patients. Cyanobacteria was only found in damp heat syndrome.The relative abundance of Erysipelotrichia and Subdoligranulum were higher in liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome,while the relative abundance of Rhodospirillales, Alphaproteobacteria,and Lachnospira were higher in the damp heat syndrome.LEfSe analysis showed that Lachnospira,Olsenella and Subdoligranulum had significant difference in species among the two TCM syndromes.Conclusions: The different characteristics of gut microbiota in the two TCM syndromes of CHB patients may play an important role in syndrome formation of TCM,which provides a new field of vision for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of TCM.

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Effects of Eubiotic Lignocellulose on the Gut Microbiota and Metabolism of Chickens

10.21203/rs.3.rs-49629/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Baosheng Sun ◽

Linyue Hou ◽

Yu Yang

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Liver Glycogen ◽

Bacteroides Thetaiotaomicron ◽

Relative Expression ◽

Fiber Degradation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Performance Development

Abstract Background: Dietary fiber is an important factor shaping the gut microbiota. Eubiotic lignocellulose is a useful source of dietary fiber for chickens; however, research on its effects on the gut microbiota and metabolism of chickens is limited. Moreover, the gut microbiota regulates the host metabolism, which generally depend on microbiotal metabolites—short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the SCFA receptors; however, related research reports on the SCFA receptors of chickens are lacking. Given this, we added three different levels of eubiotic lignocellulose (0%, 1%, and 2%) to the feed of ISA brown hens (IBH) for 0–8 weeks, with the aim of observing the effects of added eubiotic lignocellulose on the gut microbiota, SCFAs and its receptors and metabolism of chickens. Results: The results showed that the addition of eubiotic lignocellulose showed no significant difference among groups in terms of the growth performance, development of the cecum and microbial diversity of IBH (P > 0.05), but significantly (P < 0.05) increased the relative abundance of the excellent fiber-degradation bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, the acetate-producing bacterium Sutterella and fiber digestibility. The addition of 1% eubiotic lignocellulose significantly (P < 0.05) increased the lactate-producing bacterium Lactobacillus panis, the butyrate-producing bacterium Oscillospira and the concentration of SCFAs in the cecum chyme. The addition of eubiotic lignocellulose had no significant effect on the relative expression of the SCFA receptor–G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) mRNA in the liver and cecum (P > 0.05), resulting in there being no significant difference (P > 0.05) among groups in the metabolism of chickens, including gastrointestinal hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine–tyrosine (PYY), blood glucose and liver glycogen. Conclusions: The addition of eubiotic lignocellulose can increase the abundance of the fiber-degradation bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and the fiber digestion of chickens at 8 weeks. The addition of 1% eubiotic lignocellulose is more conducive to the fiber-degradation bacteria and the SCFA-producing bacteria, resulting in increasing of the production of SCFAs. However, because the difference of the concentration of SCFAs was not great among groups, there was no significant change in the growth performance of chickens, the development of the cecum and the relative expression of GPR43 mRNA, resulting in slight effects on the metabolism, including GLP-1 and PYY and the blood glucose and liver glycogen of chickens. Increasing our understanding of this would be beneficial to providing a theoretical basis for the application of eubiotic lignocellulose and improve the growth performance and health of chickens.

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