scholarly journals Definition of the Ethical Values and Ethics Codes for Turkish Midwifery: A Focused Group Study in Kocaeli

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayla Berkiten Ergin ◽  
Müesser Özcan ◽  
Nermin Ersoy ◽  
Zeynep Acar
Criminology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Fletcher

There is no real definition of a “victimless crime” because crimes of this nature do not really exist. There are however a number of statutory offenses that if engaged in, may not have an obvious victim. The dichotomy of these statements is that the word “victimless” can be interpreted as widely or as narrowly as one wishes. The traditional view is that laws are created to protect social standards and are derived from moral and ethical values. Some of these offenses are of a minor nature and impact individuals rather than society in general and include illegal drug taking; prostitution; drunkenness; pornography; gambling; and various sexual acts. There is a debate that argues offenses of this nature are invariably committed by consenting actors; there are no injuries to non-participants; the offense is against the state rather than society; and only police officers make the complaint. While the act may be illegal, there is no obvious victim. In these circumstances it is easy to see how a crime could be considered “victimless.” There are however other circumstances where victims of crime are not aware of their victimhood and their ignorance of the fact is perceived to be an acceptance of their victimhood. The victimlessness in these circumstances therefore lies on the perception of the perpetrator who ignores culpability because of a lack of complaint or where there is a complaint, a denial of the facts. Because the victim is oblivious of these circumstances it is easy to see how such deviant business practices can be accepted as victimless. To counter this perception there is an assumption that corporations act with integrity and do not knowingly provide flawed goods or services, or at the very least will rectify the situation without fuss. However, in the competitive world of business, organizations continually seek ways to maximize profit sometimes at the expense of the oblivious customer. Within the business world, entrepreneurs seek innovative ways to improve their business and increase profit by bending or even breaking rules in a manner that could be considered reckless or even bordering on illegal. A third form of “victimlessness” is the non-payment of taxes, required by the state to support the infrastructures necessary for social welfare, whose lack will negatively impact sections of society.


Author(s):  
Erhan Boğan ◽  
Saadet Zafer Kavacık ◽  
Mehmet Sarıışık

In recent years, corporate social responsibility, which comprises economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities, has become important concept to build good relations between business and stakeholders and to gain competitive advantage over its rivals. Moreover, it has a positive impact on stakeholder’s (for example; employees, customers, investors) attitudes and behaviors toward business. The main aim of this study is to determine opinions and perceptions of students who study management license toward corporate social responsibility. The research data is gathered from final year students of Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Management with a used scale. 251 surveys are used in the research. The findings obtained from research have put forth that management faculty students who are future manager candidates are in opinion and perception of covering respectively economic, philanthropic, legal and ethical responsibilities in their decision-making activities. In addition, the students have listed the company’s four most important stakeholders as community, customers, employees and shareholders. Also corporate social responsibility has been emerged by students as a definition of benefit society, compliance with ethical values, volunteer activities and respect for social values.


Author(s):  
I. Shopina

The article is dedicated to the determination of the peculiarity of stages of legal support of academic virtue in Ukraine.It has been proven that the first stage for development of legal support to academic virtue has started in 2004, when the all-European processes of increasing the role of universities within a society have been initiated as well as the transformation ofrequirements to the participants of educational activity. This stage has been characterized by the acceptance of a Bucharestdeclaration on ethical values and principles of higher education in the European region (2-5 September 2004) and its result has been the establishment of an overall European discourse of academic virtue which included pedagogical, ethical and legalaspects of the phenomenon under research.It has been pointed out, that the third stage of legal support to academic virtue is related with stipulating in 2011 within aNational framework, the qualifications of adherence to proper academic virtue as the one that is considered to be necessary toinitiate, plan, implement and correct the subsequent process of a thorough scientific research of the level of basic skills andabilities. From this moment on there’s an active development of the terminological core dedicated to the issue of academicvirtue, there’s a preparation of suggestions to be implemented to the legislation on education, particularly, by determining thelegal definition of academic virtue, the forms and types of academic responsibility, and also the active reaffirming of ethicalrequirements on the academic virtues of teachers, scientists and individuals obtaining education in the codes of academicvirtues, approved in the course of gatherings of working teams or the scientific councils of universities.


2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Rossouw

Abstract:The detrimental impact of fraud on organisations, the economy, and society makes the fight against it imperative. The objective of this article is to show that a proper understanding of the phenomenon of fraud is required in order to be able to undermine it. Such an understanding required firstly a sufficient definition of fraud that can distinguish it clearly from the related phenomenon of corruption. Secondly, a theoretical framework for understanding and explaining fraud is needed. After providing both such a definition and a theoretical framework, the latter is then used in the analysis of interviews conducted with persons who were convicted on charges of fraud in South Africa. The findings of this analysis are thenused to suggest various avenues for fighting fraud. Among these suggestions are proposals indicating the role that ethical values can play in undermining fraud.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 4622-4642
Author(s):  
Jesús Miguel Flores-Vivar ◽  
Ana María Zaharía

RESUMEN El presente trabajo analiza los aspectos formativos que tienen las facultades de comunicación, las tendencias y las iniciativas que algunos centros están desarrollando como parte experimental del ecosistema del periodismo en Internet, cada vez más consolidado aunque con incertidumbres en sus modelos de negocio, narrativos e informativos. Fomenta el desarrollo de la investigación aplicada, a través de medialabs, de nuevos modelos periodísticos -sin menoscabo de los valores éticos y de la calidad en la redacción-, en las ilustraciones, correcciones y producción de materiales en plataformas digitales y multimedia. Propone una reflexión del periodismo, no sólo como profesión, sino, fundamentalmente, como disciplina científica, avalada y justificada su enseñanza en las Facultades de Comunicación. En este contexto, las facultades con estudios de periodismo asumen un papel fundamental y de vital importancia en la formación de periodistas de nuevo perfil, con un tipo de conocimientos que obliga a una revisión permanente de los planes de estudio. La metodología para realizar este estudio se basa en la revisión bibliográfica, informes y estudios sobre la formación periodística en donde impera lo multimedia, lo digital y lo online. Se complementa con un estudio Delphi, realizado a profesores-investigadores y profesionales de periodismo. Con los resultados obtenidos se pretende ofrecer algunas reflexiones sobre la formación periodística más experimental para estudiantes que deberán atender las necesidades informativas de una nueva “Sociedad red” (Castells, 2006), en donde los ciudadanos atienden a una definición distinta del acceso a la información y a su derecho a estar informados con contenidos de calidad, lo que consolida nuevas vivencias como algo especialmente nuevo, conocido ya como los “New, new media” (Levinson, 2012).   ABSTRACT his paper analyzes the educational aspects of communication faculties, trends and initiatives that some centers are developing as an experimental part of the ecosystem of journalism on the Internet, increasingly consolidated although with uncertainties in their business, narrative and informative models . It encourages the development of applied research, through medialabs, of new journalistic models - without prejudice to ethical values ​​and quality in writing - in illustrations, corrections and production of materials on digital and multimedia platforms. It proposes a reflection of journalism, not only as a profession, but, fundamentally, as a scientific discipline, endorsed and justified by its teaching in the Faculties of Communication. In this context, the faculties with journalism studies assume a fundamental and vital role in the training of new profile journalists, with a type of knowledge that requires a permanent review of the study plans. The methodology to carry out this study is based on the bibliographic review, reports and studies on journalistic training where multimedia, digital and online prevail. It is complemented by a Delphi study, carried betwin professors-researchers and journalism professionals. With the results obtained, it is intended to offer some reflections on the more experimental journalistic training for students who will have to attend to the informational needs of a new "Network Society" (Castells, 2006), where citizens attend to a different definition of access to information and their right to be informed with quality content, which consolidates new experiences as something especially new, known as the “New, new media” (Levinson, 2012).  


2020 ◽  
pp. 095394682096532
Author(s):  
Vasil Gluchman

This article analyses and assesses the arguments opposing capital punishment put forward by Ján Kollár (1793–1852), a representative of Central European Evangelical/Lutheran Enlightenment rationalism, using the definition of criminal practice in Europe at the turn of the nineteenth century as the basis. Consequently, the author pays attention to the movement for reform in criminal law and practices, initiated in Europe in the second half of the eighteenth century by Cesare Beccaria, including his argumentation against capital punishment. In this context, the author presents and investigates 13 arguments against capital punishment defined by Kollár in his 1815 diary. The author came to the conclusion that Kollár, in his arguments against capital punishment, followed, to a certain extent, the views of Beccaria and eighteenth -century adherents of the French Enlightenment; however, Kollár’s actual argumentation is rationalistically based on ethical values of humanity and justice with significant space also dedicated to utilitarian aspects of rejecting capital punishment adopted from reformists of criminal law.


2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICHOLAS GARNHAM

The definition of the term culture has become so vague as to be almost synonymous with human life; as an analytic term it has become nearly valueless. Of course, it can be used as a description of artistic activity, but this also becomes dubious when applied to popular mass culture. Culture often carries a sense of superior ethical values, but this too declines into confusion when multiculturism is opposed to culture as a whole.


Author(s):  
Carole Sinclair

Behaving ethically is at the core of what it means to be a professional. It is central to the contract that all professions have with the persons they serve and with the societies in which they function. This sense of ethical responsibility, and the practice of articulating the underlying values, principles, and behavioral manifestations of such a responsibility, both have a long history. By outlining the history of ethical values and codes, and the meaning of “profession,” from ancient times to the present, this chapter explores several major components involved in psychotherapists’ efforts to be ethical practitioners. This includes attention to the roles of ethics codes, ethical values and principles, moral theory, ethical reasoning, and moral character. Although there is sometimes a tendency to treat these components as separate entities (even in competition with each other as explanatory concepts), the emphasis in this chapter is on how history teaches us that they need to be seen and treated as an integrated whole in our efforts to be ethical practitioners.


Author(s):  
Thomas Baldwin

G.E. Moore was one of the most influential British philosophers of the twentieth century. His early writings are renowned for his rejection of idealist metaphysics and his insistence upon the irreducibility of ethical values, and his later work is equally famous for his defence of common sense and his conception of philosophical analysis. He spent most of his career in Cambridge, where he was a friend and colleague of Russell, Ramsey and Wittgenstein. The best-known thesis of Moore’s early treatise on ethics,Principia Ethica (1903), is that there is a fallacy – the ‘naturalistic fallacy’ – in almost all previous ethical theories. The fallacy is supposed to arise from any attempt to provide a definition of ethical values. The validity of Moore’s arguments is much disputed, but many philosophers still hold that Moore was right to reject the possibility of a reductive definition of ethical values. The book is also renowned for Moore’s affirmation of the pre-eminence of the values of Art and Love. Moore’s later writings concern the nature of the external world and the extent of our knowledge of it. In opposition to idealist doubts about its reality and sceptical doubts concerning our knowledge of it, Moore defends ‘common sense’ by emphasizing the depth of our commitment to our familiar beliefs and criticizing the arguments of those who question them. But although he insists upon the truth of our familiar beliefs, he is remarkably open-minded concerning their ‘analysis’, which is intended to clarify the facts in which their truth consists.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-340
Author(s):  
Wang Shih-Pe ◽  
Erxin Wang

Abstract Through detailed analysis of several case studies, this essay investigates a special form of sanqu 散曲 song, namely, songs that embed references to dramas (quzhong daixi 曲中帶戲). A long song suite (changtao 長套) by Yuan author Sun Jichang 孫季昌 (fl. 14th century) is the best-known example of a pastiche of zaju play titles and dramatic protagonists intended to stimulate and guide readers' imagination. When late Ming dramatist Shen Jing 沈璟 (1553–1610) imitated Sun's pastiche song suite, he painstakingly sought to disrupt the obvious association between lyric and invoked play in an appeal to the literati aesthetic of lyrical indirection. Another, shorter song suite from the Ming, this one by an anonymous author, incorporates chuanqi play titles with little literary embellishment, catering to popular tastes. Finally, set to the tunes “Pipo yu” 劈破玉 and “Gua zhen'er” 掛真兒, popular songs featuring chuanqi play titles appear in three late Ming miscellanies. As these songs describe their source play's main protagonists and plot elements, they may be seen as expressing the voice of commoners and at the same time promoting ethical values. Taken together, these examples illustrate that it was not unusual for sanqu songs to incorporate dramatic references. This blending of song and drama can be traced to the arbitrary Yuan dynasty definition of yuefu 樂府 (literally, “Music Bureau songs”) and its relationship with sanqu songs. Thus the heterogeneous and inclusive nature characteristic of sanqu songs can be viewed in a new light.


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