Analysis of regional disparities in the Slovak Republic by examining selected indicators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Maroš ◽  
Jarmila Hudáková ◽  
Michal Levický
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

Regional disparities are typical for many countries of the world, as well as for the Slovak Republic. Increasing regional disparities is not in the interest of any country, and is, therefore, a constantly monitored issue. The aim of this article is to analyze the development of regional differences in the Slovak Republic through selected indicators. We performed the analysis at the level of the NUTS III category in the years 1995 to 2018. As selected indicators, we have chosen the development of regional GDP per capita in euros and in purchasing power parity. Several methods can be used to examine the evolution of regional differences. We mainly used the characteristics of variability and also the average growth rate, with which we tried to identify changes in regional differences over time. We found that in the observed period, the differences between the regions of Slovakia increased overall, but the increase in differences prevailed mainly in the pre-crisis years. In recent years, we have seen a slight convergence between the regions. The government in each country always tries to put in place different measures to address this issue, but it does not always succeed. Given the current world situation associated with COVID-19, it is very difficult to predict developments in the coming years.

scholarly journals NEED OF GREEN GROWTH IN INDIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Nancy Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Bric Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

The Economy of India is the seventh largest in the world by nominal GDP and the third largest by purchasing power parity with approximately 7% average growth rate for the last two decades. Although the years 2012-13 and 2013-14 have been disappointing. India needs the path of high economic growth quickly, which is essential because it will generate huge revenue for the government which can be utilized for social welfare and infrastructure program. But rapid growth is not enough, it must be of the environmental friendly nature. Many countries across the world have not taken into account the consequences of some environmental issues such as air and water pollution, climate change, energy use and natural resource depletion. In a recent global assessment approximately 60% of the world’s ecosystem services were found to be degraded or used unsustainably. This is the same case with India. Though its economic performance has brought immense benefits to its citizens as employment opportunities have increased and millions have been allowed to emerge from poverty; India’s remarkable growth record, however has been clouded by a degrading environment and growing scarcity of natural resources. In a recent survey of 178 countries whose environments were surveyed India ranked 155th overall and almost last in air pollution exposure. The survey also concluded that India’s environmental quality is for below all BRIC countries. Also according to another recent WHO survey across   the G-20 economies, 13 out of the 20 most polluted cities are in India. As the population grows and urbanizes and consumption patterns change, pressure on the country’s natural resources air, water, land and forests will steadily increase. In fact, in the coming years, pressure on India’s environment driven by both poverty and prosperity, is projected to become highest in the world. In such scenario, there is a need of such low cost policy options that could significantly curtail environmental damage without compromising growth.

scholarly journals The Big Mac Index And Real-Income Disparity

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Atal
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Income Disparity ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

The Big Mac Index was introduced to (semi-humorously) test the theory of purchasing power parity and measure the disparity in currency values. Instead, in this paper, we consider this index to find out the per capita real-income disparity across 54 countries. We find that the per capita real-income can be very low in some countries even when Big Mac burgers are very cheap, like in India. Among these countries, Hong Kongs per capita Big Mac affordability is the highest with 47 burgers daily whereas Pakistans people could afford just one a day. Additionally, we find that Russia and Chinas Big Mac affordability has been significantly increasing over the last decade, Brazils has remained more or less constant, however USAs Big Mac affordability has been falling, indicating that per capita real-income of Americans has been decreasing over the last decade. Finally, we find that increased role of the government might be negatively correlated to per capita real-income. Czech Republic has been experiencing increased Big Mac affordability as the country has been reducing the governments role; whereas Argentina has been experiencing reduced Big Mac affordability as the country has been moving left and increasing the governments power.

scholarly journals Participation of women in science in the developed and developing worlds: inverted U of feminization of the scientific workforce, gender equity and retention

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobhana Narasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Scientific Workforce

Abstract We consider various factors impacting the participation of women in science throughout the world, with a particular emphasis on developing countries. For the world as a whole, we find that when the percentage of women working in science in a country is plotted vs. the per capita GDP of the country (adjusted for purchasing power parity) the data fall on an inverted U-shaped ‘boomerang’ curve. Thus, as per capita wealth increases, the percentage of women in science first increases and then falls. This is in marked contrast to the (right-side-up) U-shaped curve that is well-established for the participation of women in the labor force as a whole, suggesting that there are factors in the culture of science that result in opposing trends to those observed in the general workforce. This also results in many developing countries having a much higher participation of women in the scientific workforce than is seen in economically developed countries. Contradicting previous reports to the contrary, we find a positive correlation between gender equality in science and the degree of overall gender equity in the country. Thus, we do not find evidence for the claim that greater gender equity results in the manifestation of innate gender differences in preferences for science. We find differing patterns of retention in science for women in developing and developed countries. We also briefly discuss other factors that make it difficult for women in developing countries to follow a scientific career, or to advance in their careers.

scholarly journals An Impact of Modi’s Government on Indian Economy with Special Reference to Selected Governmental Programmes

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Prakasha N
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Investment Rates ◽  
The Impact

<div><p><em>The economy of India is the sixth largest economy in the world measured by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). The country is classified as a newly industrialized country, one of the G-20 major economies, a member of BRICS and a developing economy with an average growth rate of approximately 7 percent over the last two decades. India’s economy became the world fastest growing major economy in the last quarter of 2014, surpassing the People’s Republic of China. The long-term growth perspective of the Indian economy is positive due its young population, corresponding low dependency ratio, healthy saving and investment rates, and increasing integration into the global economy. This paper deals with the impact of Narendra Modi’s Government on various socio economic sectors of Indian economy. This study is trying to analyse the progressively changes in various economic variables through implementing various welfare programmes in present Indian economy and after the Modi came into power. </em></p></div>

BRICS and emerging economies

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-60
Author(s):  
P. B. Anand ◽  
Flavio Comim ◽  
Shailaja Fennell
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Wealth Inequalities

The aim of this chapter is a comprehensive analysis of various aspects of the emergence of BRICS. We begin with an examination of the emergence of BRICS showing that BRICS have been members of the top fifteen largest economies in the world since 1960. In purchasing power parity terms, by 2015, BRICS equalled G7 countries in terms of share of global output. Various possible explanatory factors of their growth are examined. Though BRICS account for nearly half of global output growth, in terms of real per capita income they still have a long way to go. There are many challenges to BRICS in terms of levels of income and wealth inequalities, the educational inequalities as measured in terms of education-Gini, and the quality of their infrastructure, notwithstanding that the massive investment being made remains inadequate. The chapter ends with an analysis of global governance issues and four possible future scenarios for BRICS.

scholarly journals Digitization of India - Impact on the BOP Sector

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Keerthan Raj ◽  
P. S. Aithal
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Major Step ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
The Government

India is the fastest growing economy in the world. It is also the seventh largest economy in the world by GDP measure and the second largest in terms of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). The digital Indian plan was a major step by the government in India to bring all segments into purview. It has a three pronged agenda of providing infrastructure, governance and digital empowerment to every citizen. This initiative will transform the economy of the nation and make it among the top seven countries globally to go completely digital. But, inherently this exercise was a critical need to get the vast population and the informal sector into the folds of accountability and get statistics on the informal economy in India. Although, there is no accurate figure defined as BOP for the Indian sector by the government statistical organizations, the below poverty line statistics published by the government look at people living on even less than $ 0.45 per day. Such being the socio economic situation with the thrust on a lot of developmental measures and poverty alleviation methods, there has been a significant improvement in employment opportunities and as per some statistics we have seen a large number of households moving out of dire poverty. The importance of these digitization efforts is planned economic and societal growth triggered by a massive adoption of digital technologies. This paper studies the various action plans in digitization and their impact on the BOP sector in India.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL DIFFERENCES OF SLOVAK HIGHER TERRITORIAL UNITS IN YEARS 2009-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristína Jánošková ◽  
◽  
Barbora Jánošková ◽  
Dagmar Petrušová ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita

The establishment of the regional level in Slovakia was one of the conditions for our accession to the European Union. Its real creation took place in the Slovak Republic two years before the accession to the European Community. Despite the efforts of the Cohesion Policy of the European Union to reduce regional disparities across the member states of the EU, at the regional level of the Slovak Republic, it is possible to constantly monitor differences in the development of the regions. Their elimination is the main objective of Slovak regional policy. The representatives of the national level use the European Union’s support policy to gradually reduce or eliminate the regional disparities. This policy offers the possibility of drawing financial resources from several funds. The indicator of differences in regional development is the regional gross domestic product per capita. By monitoring and analysing its evolution over several years, it is possible to see whether disparities at the regional level are being reduced or, on the contrary, are deepening. In the following article, to determine the current state of regional differences, we present the development of regional disparities of Slovak higher territorial units in 2009-2018 through monitored data on regional gross domestic product per capita at current prices.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
K. L. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

India, after seven decades of independence, found itself in the position of the fifth-largest economy in the world, with nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of USD 2.94 trillion in 2019. It is also the fastest-growing trillion-dollar economy in the world. India’s rank would have been third if GDP across the countries was compared in terms of purchasing power parity. But, in per capita terms, India falls way behind most of the member countries of the World Bank. However, this should not negate the expansion of the Indian economy that has taken place since Independence....

Chile: Christian Democracy to Marxism

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-341
Author(s):  
Michael J. Francis ◽  
Hernan Vera-Godoy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Political System ◽  
Christian Democracy ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Basic Alternative

Increasingly alone as a stable republican nation in Latin America, Chile has long been a favorite subject for North American scholars and journalists. Every six years, as it faces a presidential election, the world press breathlessly rediscovers that this long slim country confronts its public problems within the framework of a developed, democratic political system. When in 1964 Chile placed a young idealistic party in power behind Eduardo Frei, an unquestionably intelligent figure of austere but charismatic bearing, this country became a favorite model for the advocates of democratic reformism in Latin America and soon was receiving the highest United States foreign aid per capita in Latin America. Thus it came as a shock that the Chilean electorate could turn its back on Frei's administration in 1970 by favoring the rightist and Marxist candidates. For those who saw in the government of Frei a basic alternative to Marxist models for Latin America, the free election of an avowed Marxist as the President of Chile presents additional problems.

Program Against Cancer in Eritrea

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
El Hadji Mbaye
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
National Income ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
The World

Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase new cancer cases per year by 2035 in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of lives could be saved each year if countries made use of existing knowledge and the best cost-effective methods to prevent and treat cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate a provisional budget against cancer in low and middle incomes countries, according the GNI-PPP, the cancer incidence and the number of population. Economically country classification is determining with the Gross national income (GNI), per capita, Purchasing power parity (PPP), according the administrations of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Cancer incidence data presented are based on the most recent data available at IARC. However, population compares estimates from the US Bureau of the Census. The provisional budget is establishing among the guidelines developed by WHO for regional and national cancer control programs according to national economic development. Provisional budget against cancer is estimated to 12,782.535 (thousands of U.S $) for a population of 5,918,919 persons in Eritrea.

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