Self-preservation and the Transformation of Nature

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Dolores Iorizzo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Matter Theory ◽  
Prolongation Of Life

Garber demonstrates the shortcomings of a popular and idealised version of Baconian scientific method set against his close reading of Bacon’s Novum Organum II. The results of Garber’s analysis show that Bacon had not one but two philosophies, both of which were informed by his matter theory and speculative cosmology. This paper draws out the implications of Garber’s reading of Baconian induction in physics transferred to the natural sciences, and draws attention to the ultimate aim of Bacon’s philosophical programme as the prolongation of life.

The influence of Max Weber on the concept of empathic understanding (Verstehen) in the psychopathology of Karl Jaspers

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Aragona
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Karl Jaspers ◽  
Empathic Understanding ◽  
Key Concepts

This paper explores key concepts in the writings of Weber in the years preceding the publication of the first edition of Karl Jaspers’ Allgemeine Psychopathologie, focusing on the concept of understanding ( Verstehen). This is a key hermeneutic concept and is discussed within the larger context of the epistemological and methodological reflections of both authors. They similarly tried to import the understanding within the humanistic disciplines as a rigorous but anti-reductionist scientific method. However, while Weber tried to mix explanation and understanding according to a legal metaphor, Jaspers retained Dilthey’s sharper distinction between explanation in natural sciences and understanding in humanistic sciences. Finally, Jaspers’ understanding is relatively more empathic, while Weber’s understanding is more rationalistic.

scholarly journals ‘I found this written in the other book’: Learning Astronomy in Late Medieval Monasteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Seb Falk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Scientific Skills ◽  
Astronomical Instrument

Recent histories have challenged narratives of a late medieval decline in monastic scholarship. This article extends that work to the natural sciences, showing how monks could learn astronomy and mathematics through their scholarly labour of reading, copying and glossing. Although the processes of learning are often poorly documented, and are often conflated with teaching, it is possible, through close reading of annotations and reconstruction of mathematical processes, to get a glimpse of an individual in the moment of acquiring scientific skills. Focusing on a piece of adaptive copying carried out by an English Benedictine monk c.1380, this article explores the devotional motivations underlying his work, and argues that it was through such copying and compilation that he acquired the expertise necessary to invent an astronomical instrument some years later.

Marxist philosophy of science

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Marxist Philosophy ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Empirical Regularities ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Insight Into

Marx’s approach to science is an intriguing combination of respect for the natural sciences and empirical inquiry, determination to go beyond the description of regularities among observable phenomena, and insistence on the inevitable impact of social circumstances on scientific inquiry. Marx thought that the human sciences and the natural sciences are governed by essentially the same methods, that natural-scientific theories give us enhanced insight into mind-independent reality, and that our most fundamental views are subject to revision through scientific inquiry. Yet Marx rejected the ideal of scientific method according to which rational scientific belief is tied to observational data through a canon of rules as general, timeless and complete as the rules of logical deduction. While traditional empiricists emphasize the economical description of empirical regularities which could, in principle, be used to predict the occurrence of observable phenomena, Marx emphasizes the description of underlying causal structures, employing concepts that are typically irreducible to the vocabulary of mere observation, and causal hypotheses that sometimes do not even sketch means of prediction. Similarly, though Marx shared the optimistic view that science gives rise to long-term improvement in our insight into underlying causes, he disagreed with many epistemic optimists in his insistence that scientific inquiry is inevitably and deeply affected by social interests and relations of social power. Since Marx’s general comments on scientific method are few and scattered, a ‘Marxist philosophy of science’ consists of the further development of this intriguing mixture.

Development Of Reality System Theory

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd H. Stebbins
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
System Theory ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Font Size ◽  
The Social ◽  
Globalized Economy ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Human Reality

<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The emergence of the scientific method evoked many successes in the natural sciences, which inspired a migration of the method to the social sciences. </span><a name="OLE_LINK5"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">As widely applied, the scientific method is analytical (rather than synthetic), positivist, and reductionist. The management literature is replete with the successes of reductionist research. However, it is incomplete because it does not recognize the holistic nature of human systems. </span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">It is timely and largely inescapable in a globalized economy to consider the synergistic and emergent potential of organizations guided by a new management theory that touches all three influences of the human reality (intellectual, emotional, and spiritual).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span></span></p>

The Science of Poetry: Poetic Process as Evolution in Mandel'shtam's “Conversation about Dante”

Slavic Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-493
Author(s):  
Alexander Spektor
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Complex Theory ◽  
Natural Scientists ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates the relationship between the humanities and science by focusing on Osip Mandel'shtam's “Conversation about Dante.” Noting the importance of natural science for Mandel'shtam's treatise, I argue that Mandel'shtam makes use of the methods of the natural sciences in developing a complex theory of the poetic process. He encounters the scientific method of analysis in his reading of the natural scientists, written about in his travelogue “Journey to Armenia,” as well as various shorter pieces accompanying it. Mandel'shtam begins with a proposition of isomorphism between poetry and nature. Ultimately, I argue that the scientific method allows Mandel'shtam to theorize the poetic process as a dialogue between author and reader in which cultural kinship between its participants is established as a break within their individuality and a recognition of the authority of the “poetic impulse” or “instinct.” In turn, envisioning the poetic process as a dialogue that paradoxically suspends and transcends the individuality of its participants allows Mandel'shtam simultaneously to insist on the necessity of submission to the authority of the poetic message and to endow poetry with political autonomy.

scholarly journals Agenda Pengembangan Studi Islam di Perguruan Tinggi ... Wardani 255 AGENDA PENGEMBANGAN STUDI ISLAM DI PERGURUAN TINGGI: Mempertimbangkan Berbagai Tawaran Model Integrasi Ilmu

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wardani Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Law And Ethics ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Cultural Expressions ◽  
Intellectual Crisis

Abstract : Basically, there are two approaches to study Islam either in textualsources (Qur’an and hadith) or in social and cultural expressions. Those arenormative and historical approach. This article suggests that the intensive andconstant “dialogue” between the twoby applying integrated, rich, syntheticIslamic and western approaches is a must to overcome the intellectual crisis inIslamic studies in Indonesia nowdays. In other words, Islam should not beviewed from one approach only, therefore, we need to build “a bridge”between Islamic religious sciences and “secular” ones (natural sciences, socialsciences, and humanities). The bridge should be two-fold, e.g. through“islamization of science” and “scientization of Islam”. The first step meansthat we should make a room for scripture in scientific method, and that sciencesmust be value-laden. The second one means that Islamic religious sciences,such as theology, law, and ethics should be learned in the light of scientificstandard of inquiry.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL OR THEOLOGICAL APPROACH TO INVESTIGATE THE SHROUD IMAGE FORMATION BY UV RADIATION?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Giovanni FAZIO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Corona Discharge ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Image Formation ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Photochemical Processes ◽  
Vacuum Uv Radiation ◽  
Vacuum Uv

In this article, we ask ourselves if it is possible that Corona Discharge or Vacuum UV radiation may have been the tools to produce the Shroud body image. We are convinced that both are not appropriate mechanisms. In fact, the start of these processes is based on inconsistent hypotheses for the natural sciences, although all that follows is rational, reasonable and acceptable. However, the big initial mole remains. The complexity of this situation is such that it seems to be in a world in part Transcendent and in part Immanent. Therefore, independently from the possible results that in a next future could be obtained, due to identified photochemical processes, the Scientific Method cannot accept both the hypotheses and, consequently, the experiments. The same is also for the Theological approach which discards both proposals

The Scientific Method

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Di Ventra
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
School Students ◽  
Personal Reflections ◽  
Colloquial Style ◽  
First Time

Can Science answer all our questions? If not, what knowledge can it provide, and how? Written in a colloquial style, and arguing from well-known and easy-to-follow facts, this book addresses all concepts pertaining to the scientific method and reinforces the inalienable role of experimental evidence in scientific truths. It also clarifies the limits of Science and the errors we make when abusing its method in contexts that are not scientific. Rather than a treatise on epistemology, this book is a collection of personal reflections on the scientific methodology as experienced and used daily by a practitioner. It is ideal for undergraduate students of all Natural Sciences, interested laymen, and quite possibly high school students who are approaching this topic for the first time.

Naturalism Reconsidered

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Weir
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Methodological Naturalism ◽  
Ontological Naturalism ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

This article focuses on naturalism. It makes one terminological distinction: between methodological naturalism and ontological naturalism. The methodological naturalist assumes there is a fairly definite set of rules, maxims, or prescriptions at work in the “natural” sciences, such as physics, chemistry, and molecular biology, this constituting “scientific method.” There is no algorithm which tells one in all cases how to apply this method; nonetheless, there is a body of workers—the scientific community—who generally agree on whether the method is applied correctly or not. Whatever the method is, exactly—such virtues as simplicity, elegance, familiarity, scope, and fecundity appear in many accounts—it centrally involves an appeal to observation and experiment. Correct applications of the method have enormously increased our knowledge, understanding, and control of the world around us to an extent which would scarcely be imaginable to generations living prior to the age of modern science.

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