Gift-giving as an Epistemic Virtue

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-174
Author(s):  
Olga V. Popova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Epistemic Virtue ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
Growth Of Knowledge

The article presents a study of gift-giving practices in the context of the development of modern biomedicine and shows their relationship to the realization of epistemic virtues. In biomedicine, the gain and production of knowledge (the gift of knowledge) is often grounded in bodily gift (sacrifice) and donor practices. The latter are associated with a number of mishaps in the history of biomedicine, reflecting the violation of moral norms in the process of obtaining scientific data and demonstrating the need for a clear differentiation of intellectual and moral virtues. An important factor in the formation of the epistemic norms of modern biomedicine has been the transformation of the values of scientific knowledge from practices of coercion to giving. As a result, the involuntary sacrifice of biomaterials to science was replaced by voluntary practices of somatic giving and informational exchange that determine the process of mutual recognition in science. It is shown that gift-giving in science is closely associated with intellectual virtues, with intellectual generosity characterizing the idea of openness in science and scientists’ intention for production and constant growth of knowledge, and can also be related to the idea of altruistic service to science, involving the exchange of received scientific data and access to free information in the network space. A number of examples of the modern digital gift ethos and the implementation of the principles of openness of knowledge and knowledge exchange in the context of the creation of biomedical expert digital platforms, the formation of social scientific networks – platforms with open access to scientific information, the development of the phenomenon of “garage” science and other “zones of exchange” experience are considered.

Medicinal importance, pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of canadine in the medicine: An important phytochemical of Hydrastis canadensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Hydrastis Canadensis ◽  
Biological Importance ◽  
Human Disorders

Background: Natural products and their derived phytochemicals have been used in the medicine and gaining importance in the modern medicine due to their therapeutic potential and health beneficial effect on human disorders. Plenty of herbal drug based products are available in the market and playing an important role in the human health care system due to their health beneficial properties in human being. In the modern age we can find many herbal based products in the market mainly prepared from the natural products and used for the prevention and treatment of various human disorders. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are the important class of alkaloidal compounds and the better example are morphine, codeine, sanguinarine, berberine and canadine which are mainly known for their medicinal value in the medicine. Methods: Hydrastis canadensis is the important medicinal plant found to contain a significant amount of canadine, hydrastine and berberine. In the present investigation, numerous scientific databases such as Google, Pubmed, Science direct etc. have been searched to collect the important scientific information of canadine and analyzed to know the health beneficial aspect of canadine in the medicine. All the collected scientific information data’s were analyzed and have been categorized into mainly pharmacological and analytical aspects. Results: From the analysis of the collected scientific information, it was found that Hydrastis canadensis contain significant amount of canadine with many more phytochemical including canadaline, hydrastidine, isohydrastidine etc. Pharmacological activity data analysis revealed the biological importance of Hydrastis canadensis in the medicine for their traditional uses against gastritis, colitis, duodenal ulcers, loss of appetite, liver disease, bile secretion disorder, snake bites and vaginitis in the medicine. However, scientific data analysis of canadine revealed their effectiveness for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-allergic activity and anti-oxidant activity. Different modern analytical tools have been used in the modern medicine for the isolation and quantification of canadine in the Hydrastis canadensis. Conclusion: Present investigation revealed the medicinal importance and pharmacological activities of a canadine in the medicine for the treatment of numerous human health complications. These scientific data will be helpful to the scientist to know the biological importance of canadine in the medicine against various forms of human complications.

MORAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND SOCIAL NORMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-236
Author(s):  
Chad Van Schoelandt
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Reactive Attitude ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Moral Accountability ◽  
Norm Change ◽  
Moral Demands

Abstract:This essay argues that moral accountability depends upon having a shared system of social norms. In particular, it argues that the Strawsonian reactive attitude of resentment is only fitting when people can reasonably expect a mutual recognition of the justified demands to which they are being held. Though such recognition should not typically be expected of moral demands that are thought to be independent of any social practice, social norms can ground such mutual recognition. On this account, a significant part of a society’s social norms are also properly seen as moral norms. The essay defends this overlap of social and moral norms in contrast to views on which moral norms and social norms are sharply distinguished. Lastly, the essay concludes by addressing challenges for accountability in circumstances of norm change.

Microbiological participants in the etiopathogenesis of otitis in dogs and cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
N. V. Pimenov ◽  
◽  
E. A. Pustovit ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Colonization Ability

The problem of otitis in small pets is widespread and requires improvement of therapeutic approaches based on modern scientific data and research achievements. This article presents an overview of current sources of primary scientific information on the field of microbiology in inflammatory diseases of the ear in small domestic animals – dogs and cats. Information about microbiom (involved in the pathogenesis of otitis), ability of microorganisms to biofilm formation and resistance to antimicrobial drugs is presented. The associativity of the bacterial component, its colonization ability and these characteristics actualize the problem of improving antibacterial treatment, prevention tactics and scientific research in this matter.

Moral Judgments, Moral Virtues, and Moral Norms

Human Affairs ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Popper
Keyword(s):  
Social Trust ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ethical Systems ◽  
Ways Of Life

Moral Judgments, Moral Virtues, and Moral NormsThe paper consists of two basic parts. In the first, contemporary approaches to moral judgments and their relations with moral virtues and moral norms are analyzed. The focus is on comparing the role of the emotions and reason, and conscious and unconscious processes in forming and/or justifying moral judgments. The second part examines views on the current broader socio-political situation in Western countries and points to the growing feelings of insecurity among people mainly due to the fact that traditional ways of life have been losing solid ground, settled (social) norms and ethical systems are weakening and at the same time the social trust in various state institutions and bureaucratic structures involved in power is decreasing. In conclusion the author argues for the potential of the ethic of autonomy that would lead to still greater cooperation in globalized ethic, primarily thanks to our moral emotions and moral judgments.

SWERTO: a Regional Space Weather Service

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S335) ◽  
pp. 348-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Berrilli ◽  
Marco Casolino ◽  
Dario Del Moro ◽  
Roberta Forte ◽  
Luca Giovannelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Solar Energetic Particle ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Solar Photosphere ◽  
Weather Effects ◽  
Physics Department ◽  
University Of Rome ◽  
Weather Service

AbstractThe Space WEeatherR TOr vergata university (SWERTO) service is an operational Space Weather service based on multi-instrument data from space-based (PAMELA, ALTEA) and ground-based (IBIS, MOTHII) instruments. The service (spaceweather.roma2.infn.it) is located at the Physics Department of the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy (UTOV) and will allow registered users to access scientific data from instrumentation available to UTOV researchers through national and international collaborations. It will provide intuitive software for the selection and visualization of such data and results from prototype forecasting codes for flare probability and Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) fluxes. The service is designed to promote access to technical and scientific information by the regional industries which employ technologies vulnerable to Space Weather effects. Basically, SWERTO aims to: i) design and construct a data-base with particle fluxes recorded by space missions and spectro-polarimetric measurements of the solar photosphere; ii) allow an Open Access to the data-base and to prototype forecasts to regional industries involved and exposed to Space Weather effects; iii) implement a tutorial and a FAQ section to help decision makers to became aware of and evaluate the risks from Space Weather events; iv) outreach and customer products. SWERTO has been financed by the Regione Lazio FILAS-RU-2014-1028 grant.

The Arts and Humanities in Climate Change Engagement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia B. Corbett ◽  
Brett Clark
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
The Arts

The communication strategy of simply sharing more scientific information has not effectively engaged and connected people to climate change in ways that facilitate understanding and encourage action. In part, this is because climate change is a so-called wicked problem, given that it is socially complex, has many interdependencies, and lacks simple solutions. For many people, climate change is generally seen as something abstract and distant—something that they know about, but do not “feel.” The arts and humanities can play an important role in disrupting the social and cultural worldviews that filter climate information and separate the public from the reality of climate change. Whether it is the visual arts, dance, theater, literature, comedy, or film, the arts and humanities present engaging stories, corporally sensed and felt experiences, awareness of interdependency with the world, emotional meanings, and connection with place. Climate stories, especially those based on lived experiences, offer distinct ways to engage a variety of senses. They allow the “invisibility” of climate change to be seen, felt, and imagined in the past, present, and future. They connect global issues to conditions close to home and create space to grieve and experience loss. They encourage critical reflection of existing social structures and cultural and moral norms, thus facilitating engagement beyond the individual level. The arts and humanities hold great potential to help spur necessary social and cultural change, but research is needed on their reach and efficacy.

scholarly journals La Communication Dans un Centre de Formation Pedopsychiatrique

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-411
Author(s):  
Laurent Houde
Keyword(s):  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Clinical Teaching ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Clinical Services ◽  
Hospital Department ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
Community Teaching

This paper indicates the special needs for communication of information in a Hospital Department of Child Psychiatry, where the main activities are: clinical services, consultation with the community, teaching, training and research. In the organization of information three areas must be considered: orientations and policies of the Department, the community and its facilities and the scientific data necessary for clinical teaching and research activities. The importance for scientific information being made easily available to users is stressed, as well as the necessity to develop motivation for an active search for information. Emphasis is also placed on the quality which must determine the choice of technical means to deal with this information. Finally, certain specialized means of information in the Department of Psychiatry of Hôpital Sainte-Justine are briefly described.

scholarly journals Scientific data dissemination a data catalogue to assist research organizations

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Eduardo Batista de Moraes Barbosa ◽  
Galeno de Sena
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Geospatial Metadata ◽  
And Storage

The constant scientific production in the universities and in the research centers makes these organizations produce and acquire a great amount of data in a short period of time. Due to the big quantity of data, the research organizations become potentially vulnerable to the impacts on information booms that may cause a chaos as far as information management is concerned. In this context, the development of data catalogues comes up as one possible solution to the problems such as (I) the organization and (II) the data management. In the scientific scope, the data catalogues are implemented with the standard for digital and geospatial metadata and are broadly utilized in the process of producing a catalogue of scientific information. The aim of this work is to present the characteristics of access and storage of metadata in databank systems in order to improve the description and dissemination of scientific data. Relevant aspects will be considered and they should be analyzed during the stage of planning, once they can determine the success of implementation. The use of data catalogues by research organizations may be a way to promote and facilitate the dissemination of scientific data, avoid the repetition of efforts while being executed, as well as incentivate the use of collected, processed an also stored.

scholarly journals Developing an App for Cardiovascular Prevention and Scientific Data Collection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Marie Reimer ◽  
Fabian Starnecker ◽  
Heribert Schunkert ◽  
Stephan Jonas
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
User Data ◽  
Cvd Prevention ◽  
Acceptance Rates ◽  
The Individual

Background: Mobile apps may encourage a lifestyle that avoids unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking or poor nutrition, which promotes cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Yet, little data is available on the utilization, perception, and long-term effects of such apps to prevent CVD. Objectives: To develop a mobile app concept to reduce the individual CVD risk and collect information addressing research questions on CVD prevention while preserving data privacy and security. Methods: To validate the concept, a prototype will be built, and usability studies will be performed. Results: We expect to determine whether it is possible to reach a broad user base and to collect scientific information while protecting user data sufficiently. Conclusion: To address CVD prevention, we propose a mobile coaching app. We expect high acceptance rates in validation studies.

scholarly journals Flash Flood warning in context: combining local knowledge and large-scale hydro-meteorological patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agathe Bucherie ◽  
Micha Werner ◽  
Marc van den Homberg ◽  
Simon Tembo
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Global Datasets

Abstract. The small spatial and temporal scales at which flash floods occur make predicting events challenging, particularly in data-poor environments where high-resolution weather models may not be available. Additionally, the uptake of warnings may be hampered by difficulties in translating the scientific information to the local context and experiences. Here we use social science methods to characterise local knowledge of flash flooding among vulnerable communities along the flat Lake Malawi shoreline in the district of Karonga, northern Malawi. This is then used to guide a scientific analysis of the factors that contribute to flash floods in the area using contemporary global datasets; including geomorphology, soil and land-use characteristics, and hydro- meteorological conditions. Our results show that communities interviewed have detailed knowledge of the impacts and drivers of flash floods (deforestation, sedimentation), early warning signs (changes in clouds, wind direction and rainfall patterns), and distinct hydro-meteorological processes that lead to flash flood events at the beginning and end of the wet season. Our analysis shows that the scientific data corroborates this knowledge, and that combining local and scientific knowledge provides improved understanding of flash flood processes within the local context. We highlight the potential in linking large-scale global datasets with local knowledge to improve the usability of flash flood warnings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document