scholarly journals Long distance dispersal and pseudo-cryptic species in Gastrotricha: first description of a new species (Chaetonotida, Chaetonotidae, Polymerurus) from an oceanic island with volcanic rocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Magpali ◽  
Danilo R.P. Machado ◽  
Thiago Q. Araújo ◽  
André R.S. Garraffoni
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Connectivity Constraint

The majority of meiofaunal organisms have limited abilities to disperse over long distances, yet they may still have disjointed distributions. Many studies have found evidence of long distance meiofauna dispersal due to passive transport by wind and/or animals that serve as vectors for these widespread distributions. Our research on an archipelago in northeast Brazil uncovered a species of freshwater gastrotrich that at first sight appeared to be a ‘cosmopolitanʼ species that had surpassed the connectivity constraint to occupy an island more than 350 km from the mainland. However, through an integrative approach using molecular sequences and morphology, we have uncovered evidence of a pseudo-cryptic species in this freshwater gastrotrich. Polymerurus insularis sp. nov. closely resembles its congeners and can easily be mistaken for similar species such as P. nodicaudus, a cosmopolitan gastrotrich. Unique to P. insularis sp. nov. are (1) a cuticular armature composed of simple spined scales with polygonal shape (Type 1 scales), (2) a single, spineless dorsal scale with a triangular shape located terminally next to the furca base (Type 2 scale), (3) a spineless zone composed by a patch lacking cuticular ornamentation and flat, rounded or polygonal scales without spines (Type 4 scales) (4) particular sets of terminal spined or keeled scales located both dorsally and ventrally around the furca base (Types 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 scales). The presence of this species on a volcanic island is discussed, as is the relationship between pseudocryptism and dispersal in gastrotrichs and other meiofauna.

Comparing the Arrangements of Governance and Sustainable Development in OECD Countries: Coupled or Decoupled?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
Huh Taewook
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Analysis ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study attempts to analyze to what extent governance and sustainable development (SD) empirically appear compatible in the thirtyfive OECD countries through the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis, and identify which ideal types appear coupled or decoupled, and then reveal which countries belong to the coupled types or to the decoupled types. In short, twenty-two countries (including Sweden (fuzzy score, 0.953), Denmark (0.920), Finland (0.914), Norway (0.911) in Type 1 (G*S, ‘strong G-S coupled countries’); and Turkey (0.906), Greece (0.833), Mexico (0.828) in Type 4 (g*s, ‘lite g-s coupled countries’) are in line with the accepted conventions regarding the compatible relationship between governance and SD. On the other hand, the rest of thirteen countries (including USA (fuzzy score, 0.815), Luxembourg (0.721), Australia (0.660) in Type 2 (G*s, ‘G-s decoupled countries’); and Slovenia (0.728), France (0.644), Czech Rep. (0.625) in Type 3 (g*S, ‘g-S decoupled countries’) may indicate that the relationship of governance and SD is in fact experiencing tensions in the national contexts. These findings are characterized by the substance (of SD) and procedure (of governance) divide. Considering the results, this study focuses on the idea of reflexivity or reflexive capacity.

scholarly journals Prominent interior GE-filters of GE-algebras

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 13432-13447
Author(s):  
Seok-Zun Song ◽  
◽  
Ravikumar Bandaru ◽  
Young Bae Jun ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Relationship

<abstract><p>The concept of a prominent interior GE-filter (of type 1 and type 2) is introduced, and their properties are investigated. The relationship between a prominent GE-filter and a prominent interior GE-filter and the relationship between an interior GE-filter and a prominent interior GE-filter are discussed. Examples to show that any interior GE-filter is not a prominent interior GE-filter and any prominent GE-filter is not a prominent interior GE-filter are provided. Conditions for an interior GE-filter to be a prominent interior GE-filter are given. Also, conditions under which an internal GE-filter larger than a given internal GE filter can become a prominent internal GE-filter are considered, and an example describing it is given. The relationship between a prominent interior GE-filter and a prominent interior GE-filter of type 1 is discussed.</p></abstract>

Characterization of damage and biotic factors associated with the decline of Eucalyptus wandoo in southwest Western Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2589-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J Hooper ◽  
K Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Partial Harvest ◽  
Foliage Density ◽  
Density Ratios ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mixed Age ◽  
Eucalyptus Wandoo

Crown decline of wandoo, Eucalyptus wandoo, in southwest Western Australia has escalated over the last 10 years, so very few unaffected stands remain. To assess the canopy-damage characteristics of trees in decline a destructive, partial-harvest method was used to sample branches in natural mixed-age stands. Necrosis of common cankers was closely associated with type-1 borer damage, characterized by "longitudinal" gallery structure on declining trees only. Cankers were found to be consistently more severe on declining trees, with decay regions affecting a greater proportion of sapwood tissue. Several infestations causing type-1 borer damage that varied in age were found on declining branches, providing evidence of cyclical damage events. Type-2 borer damage characterized by "ring-barking" gallery structure caused extensive damage in canopies, but was not always associated with decline. Interactions between foliage density and canker score showed that 17.8% and 63.1% of the variability in foliage-density ratios was accounted for in declining intermediate-health and unhealthy classes, respectively. The relationship was negligible for the healthy class (9.9%), providing strong evidence that cankers are causing foliage loss in declining canopies. Evidence suggests that an interaction between type-1 borer infestations and decay-causing fungi is responsible for the decline in E. wandoo wandoo canopies.

Cryptic species and their utilization of indigenous and non-indigenous intermediate hosts in the acanthocephalanPolymorphus minutus sensu lato(Polymorphidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (11) ◽  
pp. 1421-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Zittel ◽  
Daniel Grabner ◽  
Andre Wlecklik ◽  
Bernd Sures ◽  
Florian Leese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
East Europe ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Type 3

AbstractThe bird-infecting acanthocephalanPolymorphus minutushas been suggested to comprise different lineages or even cryptic species using different intermediate hosts. To clarify this open question, we investigatedPolymorphuscf.minutuscystacanths originating from amphipod intermediate hosts from 27 sites in Germany and France. Parasites and hosts were identified using integrated datasets (COI and/or morphology for hosts and COI + ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 for parasites).Mitochondrial and nuclear data (ITS1) strongly support the existence of three cryptic species inPolymorphuscf.minutus(type 1-3). These three types reveal a high degree of intermediate host specificity, withPolymorphustype 1 only encountered inGammarus fossarumtype B,Polymorphustype 2 inEchinogammarussp. andEchinogammarus berilloni, andPolymorphustype 3 inGammarus pulexandGammarus roeselii. Our results point to a so far neglected cryptic diversity of the genusPolymorphusin Central Europe. Furthermore,Polymorphustype 2 is most likely a non-native parasite in Germany that co-invaded withE. berillonifrom the Mediterranean area. Potentially, type 3 originates from South-East Europe and migrated to Germany byG. roeselii, where it might have capturedG. pulexas an intermediate host. Therefore, our findings can be seen in the context of ecological globalization in terms of the anthropogenic displacement of intermediate hosts and its impact on the genetic divergence of the parasites.

Pathways to adversity and speaker affectedness: On the emergence of unaccusative ‘give’ constructions in Chinese

Linguistics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weirong Chen ◽  
Foong Ha Yap
Keyword(s):  
General Term ◽  
Southern Min ◽  
Chinese Dialects ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the characteristics of unaccusative ‘give’ constructions in Chinese, and additionally identify the pathways for their emergence in some Chinese dialects, in particular Southern Min and Mandarin varieties.In this paper, the termsdialectandvarietyare sometimes used interchangeably, with the termvarietybeing the more general term that can also include variations within dialects.We distinguish between Type 1 and Type 2 unaccusative ‘give’ constructions, the former involving reversible ‘escape’-type intransitive predicates, and the latter irreversible ‘die’-type intransitive predicates. Type 1 constructions are attested in many Chinese varieties, such as Mandarin, Min, Wu, Hui, Hakka and Cantonese, whereas Type 2 constructions are more rare and thus far are mainly attested in Southern Min and some Mandarin varieties. Two major pathways in the development of unaccusative ‘give’ constructions are identified in this paper, namely, the causative pathway and the passive-mediated pathway. Our analysis also traces how the unaccusative ‘give’ construction develops into a marker of adversity and speaker affectedness. The findings of this study have implications for understanding the relationship between changes in valence (i.e., the number of core arguments that are profiled in a given construction) and speaker’s subjective stance.

The Mamonia Complex (SW Cyprus) revisited: remnant of Late Triassic intra-oceanic volcanism along the Tethyan southwestern passive margin

2006 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. LAPIERRE ◽  
D. BOSCH ◽  
A. NARROS ◽  
G. H. MASCLE ◽  
M. TARDY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Melting ◽  
Oceanic Crust ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
Alkali Basalts ◽  
Enriched Mantle ◽  
Type 3

Upper Triassic volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Mamonia Complex in southwestern Cyprus are exposed in erosional windows through the post-Cretaceous cover, where the Mamonia Complex is tectonically imbricated with the Troodos and Akamas ophiolitic suites. Most of these Upper Triassic volcanic rocks have been considered to represent remnants of Triassic oceanic crust and its associated seamounts. New Nd and Pb isotopic data show that the whole Mamonia volcanic suite exhibits features of oceanic island basalts (OIB). Four rock types have been distinguished on the basis of the petrology and chemistry of the rocks. Volcanism began with the eruption of depleted olivine tholeiites (Type 1) and oceanic island tholeiites (Type 2) associated with deep basin siliceous and/or calcareous sediments. The tholeiites were followed by highly phyric alkali basalts (Type 3) interbedded with pelagic Halobia-bearing limestones or white reefal limestones. Strongly LREE-enriched trachytes (Type 4) were emplaced during the final stage of volcanic activity. Nd and Pb isotopic ratios suggest that tholeiites and mildly alkali basalts derived from partial melting of heterogeneous enriched mantle sources. Fractional crystallization alone cannot account for the derivation of trachytes from alkaline basalts. The trachytes could have been derived from the partial melting at depth of mafic material which shares with the alkali basalts similar trace element and isotopic compositions. This is corroborated by the rather similar isotopic compositions of the alkali basalts and trachytes. The correlations observed between incompatible elements (Nb, Th) and εNd and Pb isotopic initial ratios suggest that the Mamonia suite was derived from the mixing of a depleted mantle (DMM) and an enriched component of High μ (μ = 238U/204Pb, HIMU) type. Models using both Nd and Pb isotopic initial ratios suggest that the depleted tholeiites (Type 1) derived from a DMM source contaminated by an Enriched Mantle Type 2 component (EM2), and that the oceanic tholeiites (Type 2), alkali basalts (Type 3) and trachytes (Type 4) were derived from the mixing of the enriched mantle source of the depleted tholeiites with a HIMU component. None of the Mamonia volcanic rocks show evidence of crustal contamination. The Upper Triassic within-plate volcanism likely erupted in a small southerly Neotethyan basin, located north of the Eratosthenes seamount and likely floored by oceanic crust.

Lipopolysaccharide glycotyping of clarithromycin-resistant and clarithromycin-susceptible Canadian isolates ofHelicobacter pylori

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Altman ◽  
Blair A. Harrison ◽  
Vandana Chandan ◽  
Robert Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sugar Analysis ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Caga Status ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Relationship

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Helicobacter pylori exhibits several unique structures, such as Lewis (Le) antigens, α-1,6-glucan, and dd-heptan. To investigate the relationship between LPS structure and resistance to clarithromycin, 41 Canadian isolates of H. pylori were characterized by whole-cell ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), sugar analysis, immunoblotting, and indirect immunofluorescence. The expression of type 2 Lewis X and (or) Lewis Y antigens was detected in 22 of 23 (95.7%) clarithromycin-resistant and in 14 of 18 (77.7%) clarithromycin-susceptible H. pylori strains (P < 0.05), and 8 isolates co-expressed type 1 and type 2 Le antigens (8/41, 19.5%). A significantly higher frequency of α-1,6-glucan (P < 0.01) was detected in clarithromycin-resistant strains than in clarithromycin-susceptible strains (19/23 (82.6%) versus 11/18 (61.1%)). Sugar analysis of selected α-1,6-glucan-positive H. pylori strains confirmed that they frequently contained elevated amounts of dd-heptose. Clarithromycin-resistant isolates were also characterized by low expression levels or absence of CagA (17/23, 73.9%). Indirect immunofluorescence studies carried out on selected H. pylori strains with rabbit immune sera specific for α-1,6-glucan confirmed broad recognition of α-1,6-glucan epitope. The binding was not affected by LPS glycotype of H. pylori isolates examined nor by their CagA status or resistance to clarithromycin. These findings suggest α-1,6-glucan as a potential vaccine target, especially in an era of increasing clarithromycin resistance in H. pylori.

scholarly journals A Case Report of Congenital Fiber Type Disproportion with an Increased Level of Anti-ACh Receptor Antibodies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Shigemi Kimura ◽  
Shiro Ozasa ◽  
Keiko Nomura ◽  
Hirofumi Kosuge ◽  
Kowasi Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Achr Antibody ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Muscle Hypotonia ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Receptor Antibodies

Congenital fiber type disproportion (CFTD) is a form of congenital myopathy, which is defined by type 1 myofibers that are 12% smaller than type 2 myofibers, as well as a general predominance of type 1 myofibers. Conversely, myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired immune-mediated disease, in which the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) of the neuromuscular junction is blocked by antibodies. Thus, the anti-AChR antibody is nearly specific to MG. Herein, we report on a case of CFTD with increased anti-AChR antibody levels. A 23-month-old boy exhibited muscle hypotonia and weakness. Although he could walk by himself, he easily fell down and could not control his head for a long time. His blood test was positive for the anti-AChR antibody, while a muscle biopsy revealed characteristics of CFTD. We could not explain the relationship between MG and CFTD. However, we considered different diagnoses aside from MG, even when the patient’s blood is positive for the anti-AChR antibody.

Depression and the Reporting of Diabetes Symptoms

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Lustman ◽  
Ray E. Clouse ◽  
Robert M. Carney
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of diabetes symptoms to current mood and general metabolic control was studied. Symptoms commonly associated with poorly controlled diabetes (e.g., thirst, polyuria, weight loss) were measured in 114 patients with diabetes mellitus (type 1 = 57, type 2 = 57). Scores for these individual symptoms were correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) and depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). HbA1 was poorly correlated ( r < 0.2) with nine of the eleven symptoms and made a significant independent contribution only to the reporting of polyuria ( p = 0.04). In contrast, depression was moderately correlated with nine symptoms and had a significant effect on the reporting of two of three hyperglycemic symptoms, five of six hypoglycemic symptoms, and both nonspecific symptoms of poor control ( p < 0.05 for each). We conclude that many reported symptoms often attributed to diabetes are more related to depressive mood than to a conventional clinical measure of blood glucose control. Diabetes symptoms may be unreliable indicators of poor metabolic control when features suggestive of depression are present.

scholarly journals Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity Is Not Independently Associated With Worse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Neonates

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Altendahl ◽  
Myung Shin Sim ◽  
Artemiy Kokhanov ◽  
Bradley Gundlach ◽  
Irena Tsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Type 1 Rop

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) severity and neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature neonates at 0–36 months corrected age.Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 228 neonates screened for ROP at the UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital between 2011 and 2018. Demographic information, clinical outcomes, ROP severity (no ROP, type 1 ROP, type 2 ROP), and Bayley-III neurodevelopmental scores were collected. Infants were grouped into corrected age cohorts (0–12, 12–24, and 24–36 months) to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes with increasing age. Within each age cohort, ANOVA and Chi-Square testing were used to detect differences in birth characteristics and neurodevelopmental scores between infants with type 1 ROP, type 2 ROP, or no ROP. Univariable analyses assessed the relationship between ROP severity and neurodevelopmental outcomes within each age cohort. A multivariable analysis was then performed to determine if ROP severity remained significantly associated with worse neurodevelopmental scores after controlling for birth weight (BW), intraventricular hemorrhage grade (IVH), health insurance type, male sex, and age at Bayley testing.Results: Without controlling for factors associated with prematurity, neonates with type 1 ROP had poorer cognition (p = 0.001) and motor (p = 0.006) scores at ages 0–12 months and poorer cognition (p = 0.01), language (p = 0.04) and motor (p = 0.04) scores at ages 12–24 months than infants without ROP, but no significant differences were detected at ages 24–36 months. After adjusting for BW, IVH, insurance type, male sex, and age at Bayley testing, ROP severity was no longer associated with worse neurodevelopmental scores in any domain.Conclusion: This study emphasizes that poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates are most likely related to lower birthweight, associated co-morbidities of prematurity, and socioeconomic factors such as health insurance, not severity of ROP itself.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document