The Relationship of Physical Activity and Obesity with the Incidence of Hypertension in Adults Aged 26-45 Years in Medan

BACKGROUND: The incidence rate of hypertension is increasing in Indonesia concerning unhealthy behaviours such as unhealthy physical activity and eating pattern which trigger obesity. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension in > 18-year-old people was 34.1% in 2018. AIM: The objective of the research was to find out the relationship between physical activity and obesity with the incidence of hypertension in adults (26-45 years old) in Medan. METHODS: The research was done in Medan, using a case-control study design. The samples were 150 hypertension patients, taken by using proportional allocation: 75 of them were in the case group and the other 75 of them were in the control group. The data were gathered by conducting interviews, measurement, and questionnaires and analysed by using simple logistic regression test. RESULTS: The result of the research showed that there was significant relationship of physical activity (p = 0.000; OR = 3.6; 95% CI, 1.802-7.270) and obesity (p = 0.000; OR = 4; 95% CI, 2.030-7.900) with the incidence of hypertension in 26-45-year-old respondents. CONCLUSION: Make a habit of a healthy lifestyle in their daily life by doing physical activity regularly and good eating pattern to forestall hypertension.

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Impact of Physical Activity on the Incidence of Vascular Diseases in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

10.31661/gmj.v0i0.1549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1549

Author(s):

Babak Pezeshki ◽

Ehsan Bahramali ◽

Amir Ansari ◽

Aliasghar Karimi ◽

Mojtaba Frajam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Major Complication ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Vascular Events ◽

The Relationship

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease worldwide and has many complications. The vascular events are the major complication of DM that have an important effect on mortality and disability. The physical activity (PA) enhances the vascular function by several pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluation of the relationship between PA and vascular diseases in patients with DM.Materials and Methods: This research was performed as the case-control study that was extracted from a prospective epidemiological research study in Iran (PERSIAN). The patients with type 2 DM more than six months defined as case group and the non-DM subjects in control group with ratio 1:2, and both groups were matched in the term of age and sex. The MET score was used to evaluate the level of PA and blood glucose, lipid profile, body mass index, overweight, dyslipidemia, glomerular filtration rate, myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina, and stroke.Results: Overall, 1242 patients with DM were extracted, and 2484 non-diabetic subjects were investigated. In the case group, 355(28.6 %) and 887(71.4%) were men and women, respectively, the and 710 (28.6%) men and 1774(71.4%) women in control group. The mean MET score was 30 and 40.97 in the DM and non-DM groups, respectively (P˂0.001). The frequency of MI, stroke, and cardiac ischemia were 44 (3.5%), 37 (3%), and 267 (21.5%), respectively in DM group, and 54 (2.2%), 43 (1.7%), and 389 (15.7%), respectively in non-DM group.Conclusion: The incidence of vascular events associated with PA level in patients with DM and adherence to regular PA reduce the vascular events and DM complications. [GMJ.2019;inpress:e1549]

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The correlation between family smoking habits and mosquito coils use with pneumonia incidences in toddlers

Journal of Health Technology Assessment in Midwifery ◽

10.31101/jhtam.740 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 69-74

Author(s):

Wiwin Winarsih ◽

Wiwik Kusumawati ◽

Anjarwati Anjarwati

Keyword(s):

Smoking Habits ◽

Observational Research ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Study Approach ◽

The Family ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

The incidences of pneumonia in infants Become the second highest cause mortality before reaching the age of 5 years and a health problem in Indonesia. The family of smoking and smoke from burning mosquito coils are the triggers for air pollution, which can lead to pneumonia in infants. The study aims to analyze the relationship between family smoking habits and the use of mosquito coils with the incidence of pneumonia in under-fives. The method of research applied analytic observational research using a case-control study approach. The number of samples in this study was 87 under-fives in the case group and 87 under-fives in the control group. Sampling was conducted by non-probability sampling. A questionnaire was used as a data collecting instrument. Data analysis used chi-square and multiple logistic regression. The results of this study Showed that there was a relationship between family smoking habits and the use of mosquito coils with the incidence of pneumonia in infants. In addition, there were other variables that had a relationship with the incidence of pneumonia in under-fives namely smoking location (OR = 3,046; 95% CI: 1429-6492, p = 0.003), the number of cigarettes (OR = 7.105 ; 95% CI: 3079-16394, p = 0.000), and length of time with smokers (p = 0.000). On the other hand, the variables of father smoker status and the frequency of using mosquito coils were not related to the incidence of pneumonia in under-fives (p value 0.05). It is concluded that family smoking habits, use of mosquito coils, the location of smoking, and number of cigarettes, and length of time together with smokers were risk factors associated with the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers

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The Relationship of Drug Abuse to Unexplained Sudden Death

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/132.12.1903 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 132 (12) ◽

pp. 1903-1906

Author(s):

Amy C. Gruszecki ◽

Gerald McGwin, Jr ◽

C. Andrew Robinson, Jr ◽

Gregory G. Davis

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Control Group ◽

Manner Of Death ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Matched Case ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

Abstract Context.—Forensic pathologists regularly investigate the deaths of individuals with a history of drug abuse. Autopsy, including toxicology testing, reveals no cause for death in a subset of this cohort. Objective.—To determine whether deaths with an undetermined cause and manner of death are associated with a history of drug abuse. Design.—Retrospective matched case-control study of 52 decedents whose cause of death remained undetermined following autopsy, matched 1:2 to a control group of living patients admitted for cholecystectomy according to age and date of death or procedure. Results.—Individuals whose cause of death was undetermined were 5.3 times (95% confidence interval, 1.9– 14.5) more likely to have a history of drug abuse than were patients with cholecystitis. Conclusions.—Decedents with a history of chronic drug abuse appear to be at an increased risk of dying by their chronic drug abuse, even in the absence of any anatomical or toxicologic finding at autopsy to account for death.

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Association of Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) in Patients with Ischemic Stroke: A Case-Control Study

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.3329/bjn.v29i1.56169 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 31-42

Author(s):

Mohammad Selim Shahi ◽

Aminur Rahman ◽

Md Shaheen Wadud ◽

Ak Takib Uddin Ahmed ◽

Uttam Kumar Saha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Medical College ◽

The Difference ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Control Study

Background: Several epidemiological studies have identified the association of abnormal ABPI with ischemic stroke. So the goal of this study was to determine the actual relationship of ABPI with ischemic stroke in the context of our country. Materials and Methods: This case control study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ABPI was measured by Doppler ultrasound machine of 100 patients who were admitted to the Mitford Hospital during the study period. Among them 50 patients with Ischemic stroke, confirmed by CT/MRI scan of brain were considered as ‘case’ and 50 age- sex matched individuals with one or more vascular risk factors (VRF) but without stroke were considered as ‘control’. Then the results of ABPI were compared between the two groups. Results: Among the 50 patients with ischemic stroke (case group) , 74% had normal ABPI and 26% had ABPI< 0.9; on the other hand among 50 age and sex matched individuals (control group) 90% had normal ABPI and 10% had ABPI <0.9. The difference was statistically significant between two groups (p=<0.05).This association remained significant even after adjustment for potential confounders (age, gender, high BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, ischemic heart disease and family history) in a multiple logistic regression model. Conclusion: The incidence of low ABPI is significantly higher in ischemic stroke patients than the age- sex matched control. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2013; Vol. 29 (1) : 31-42

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HUBUNGAN SANITASI RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT TUBERKULOSIS (TB) DI KECAMATAN KUTA

ECOTROPHIC Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) ◽

10.24843/ejes.2017.v11.i01.p09 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

I Made Mudana ◽

Nyoman Adiputra ◽

I.B.G. Pujaastawa

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Residential Density ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Regression Test ◽

House Floor ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Logistic Regression Test

RELATIONSHIP HOUSING SANITATION WITH TUBERCULOSIS DISEASES (TB) INCIDENCE IN KUTA DISTRICTOne of the endemic infectious diseases occured in the community is tuberculosis (TB). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated about one third of the world's population has been infected by the bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis. Badung regency as one of the districts in the province of Bali also having cases of tuberculosis. From the report Badung Health Agency in 2015 was recorded 275 TB patients. From 6 districts in Badung district, subdistrict of Kuta occupy the highest number of cases recorded 100 patients. tuberculosis is closely related to homes sanitation that do not meet health requirements. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of home sanitation with disease incidence of tuberculosis in the district of Kuta. Based on the type of research is observational analytic, design research is a case control studies linking ie risk factors. (Home sanitation) with TB disease events, by comparing the case group and the control group. The population in this study are patients with TB BTA (+) were treated working area Puskesmas Kuta I and Puskesmas Kuta II sanitation as well as his home. The number of samples in this study was 60 consisting of the case group and the control group. How sampling is the total population of TB patients in the last 3 months of 2015 as well as sanitary home. Data collected from interviews, observations and measurements and then analyzed using chi square and followed by multiple logistic regression test. From the statistic test bivariate home sanitation with tuberculosis disease incidence 6 variables showed that: (1) lighting p = 0,00 (p< 0,05) OR = 21, (2) humidity p = 0,00 (p< 0,05) OR = 21,36 , (3) ventilation p = 0,00 (p< 0,05)OR = 11, (4) the walls of the house p = 0,00 (p< 0,05) OR = 8,64, (5) density residential home p = 0,00 (p<0,05) OR = 16,43 and (6) house floor p = 0,22 (p>0,05) OR = 2,143. To determine the relationship of all independent variables simultaneously multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression test. Based on the results obtained that there are three independent variables significantly related (p<0,05) with the dependent variable is the humidity (OR = 19,158, 95% CI 3,171 –115,751), ventilation (OR = 6,408, 95% CI = 1,199 to 34,236), residential density (OR = 13,342, 95% CI = 2,261 – 78,733). Probability of people who occupy the house with sanitation (Humidity, Ventilation and Residential density) in the district of Kuta to contract tuberculosis (TB) is 97,08%. Based on these results, we can conclude that from the test bivariate (6 variables) are: lighting, humidity, ventilation, walls of houses, residential density and house floor associated with the incidence of tuberculosis in the district of Kuta. While the advice may be given to: (1). people who live in the district of Kuta in order to build or occupy a dwelling house to take into account the standard of sanitation and healthy home. (2). Government / agencies in order to provide guidance to the public in order to build houses of spatial attention and care homes that meet health requirements so that people who lived in the house to feel safe, comfortable, and avoid the disease especially those stemming from poor sanitation home.

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Relationship between small for gestational age and aortic intima-media thickness in newborns

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi54.1.2014.57-61 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 57 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ahmad Bayu Alfarizi ◽

Ria Nova ◽

Julniar Mawardi Tasli ◽

Theodorus Theodorus

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Media Thickness ◽

And Control ◽

Aortic Intima ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

Background Small for gestational age (SGA) has been associatedwith adult cardiovascular disease. Small for gestational agenewborns may undergo early aortic wall intima-media thickening(aIMT) in utero.Objective To determine the relationship between SGA as a riskfactor for increased aIMT, as a sign of atherosclerosis onset.Methods We conducted a case-control study in the Neonatal Wardand Rooming-in Nursery at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital,Palembang, between April to June 2012. Subjects were allocatedto either the case group (aIMT 2: 0.9 mm) or to the controlgroup (aIMT <0.9 mm). Newborns were classified as SGA iftheir birthweight (BW) was < l O'h percentile, and appropriatefor gestational age (AGA) if their BW was between lQth - 90'hpercentile, according to the Lubchenco curve. Abdominal aorticintima-media thickness was measured by echocardiographyexamination.Results The case and control groups consisted of 30 n ewbornseach. The proportion of SGA newborns was higher in the casegroup than the control group. The likelihood of infants in the casegroup being SGA was significantly higher compared to the controlgroup, with odds ratio of 10.8 (95%CI 3,26 to 35, 72) . The meanaIMT was significantly higher in SGA than in AGA infants, 0.9(SD 0.16) mm vs. 0.8 (SD 0.13) mm, respectively, with a meandifference of 0, 13 (9 5% CI 0, 050 to 0,209 mm; P"" 0,02).Conclusion Increased aIMT is more likely found in SGA newborns.

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Higher Plasma Aldosterone Concentrations Are Associated With Elevated Risk of Aortic Dissection and Aneurysm: a Case-Control Study

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18342 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Qing Zhu ◽

Mulalibieke Heizhati ◽

Mengyue Lin ◽

Menghui Wang ◽

Xiaoguang Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Aortic Dissection ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Primary Aldosteronism ◽

Plasma Aldosterone ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Background: Animal models demonstrate circulating aldosterone leads to aortic dissection and aneurysm, whereas data from humans are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to examine the associations of plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) with aortic dissection and aneurysm. Methods: We identified patients with aortic dissection and aneurysm with assessed PAC before disease onset from hospital-based electronic database and set as case group. Simultaneously, age and gender-matched cohort with PAC measurement whereas without aortic dissection and aneurysm were selected as control group using ratio of 1:4. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship of PAC with aortic dissection and aneurysm. Results: Totally, 133 cases and 531 controls (all hypertensive) were enrolled between 2004 and 2021, with 77.9% men, mean age of 55.5 years and PAC of 13.9 ng/dL. Case group showed significantly higher PAC(14.51 versus 13.65 ng/dL, P =0.012) than did control group. In logistic regression analysis, higher PAC exhibited 1.68-fold higher odds (95% CI, 1.14–2.48, P =0.008) for presence of aortic dissection and aneurysm, significant in adjusted model (odds ratio, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.11–2.57], P =0.015). In stratified analysis, the association between the 2 was observed in women of all ages and in men with coronary artery disease. Sensitivity analysis by excluding those under interfering agents at PAC measurement and those with primary aldosteronism did not change the relationship of the 2. Conclusions: Higher PAC is associated with the increased odd for aortic dissection and aneurysm in patients with hypertension, even in the absence of primary aldosteronism, implying that PAC might be a target for prevention.

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Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in TNFRSF11 with the Progression of Genetic Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer

Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1155/2020/4103264 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Yu Fan ◽

Xuyu Gu ◽

Huiwen Pan ◽

Zhe Dai ◽

Chen Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Frequency Distribution ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

Objective. To investigate the relationship between polymorphism of TNFRSF11 gene rs9533156 and rs2277438 and susceptibility to gastric cancer. Methods. A case-control study was conducted to select 577 cases of primary gastric cancer and 678 cases of normal control. We extracted whole blood genomic DNA and amplified the target gene fragment by PCR. The genotyping and allele were tested through the snapshot method. Results. In this case-control study, we observed that there was a difference in the genotype distribution of TNFRSF11 gene rs9533156 between the case group and the control group. The frequency distribution of TC heterozygous mutation in the case group was higher than that in the control group. The smoking rate in the case group (34.49%) was higher than that in the control group (27.29%), and the difference in frequency distribution between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.006). Our findings suggest that TNFRSF11 rs9533156 is associated with susceptibility to GC, which is more evident among elderly patients (>62 years), nonsmokers, and patients who do not consume alcohol. The analysis of the relationship between the TNFSF11 gene rs9533156 site variant and clinical factors of gastric cancer showed that, compared with the tumor size <2 cm group, patients with tumor size ≥2 cm and whom carrying rs9533156 site mutations had a higher frequency distribution, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.022). Compared with the nonhyperglycemic group, the frequency distribution of patients with rs9533156 site mutations in the diabetes group was higher, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion. This study shows that there is a correlation between smoking and the occurrence of gastric cancer. Based on our research, the functional SNP TNFRSF11 TC genotype may be an indicator of individual susceptibility to GC. The mutation at rs9533156 may be related to the size of gastric cancer. The mutation rate of rs9533156 of TNFSF11 gene is higher in diabetic gastric cancer patients.

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Association of Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) in Patients with Ischemic Stroke : A Case Control Study

Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/cmoshmcj.v12i3.16710 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Mohammad Selim Shahi ◽

Aminur Rahman ◽

Md Shaheen Wadud ◽

Uttam Kumar Saha ◽

AK Takib Uddin Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Medical College ◽

The Difference ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Control Study

Background: Several epidemiological studies have identified the association of abnormal ABPI with ischemic stroke. So the goal of this study was to determine the actual relationship of ABPI with ischemic stroke in the context of our country. Methods: This case control study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ABPI was measured by Doppler ultrasound machine of 100 patients who were admitted to the Mitford Hospital during the study period. Among them 50 patients with Ischemic stroke, confirmed by CT/MRI scan of brain were considered as case and 50 age-sex matched individuals with one or more vascular risk factors (VRF) but without stroke were considered as control. Then the results of ABPI were compared between the two groups. Results: Among the 50 patients with ischemic stroke (case group), 74% had normal ABPI and 26% had ABPI< 0.9; on the other hand among 50 age and sex matched individuals (control group) 90% had normal ABPI and 10% had ABPI <0.9. The difference was statistically significant between two groups. (p=<0.05).This association remained significant even after adjustment for potential confounders (age, gender, high BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, ischemic heart disease and family history) in a multiple logistic regression model. Conclusion: The incidence of low ABPI is significantly higher in ischemic stroke patients than the age- sex matched control. Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2013: 27-33

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Mortalidad en pacientes menores de edad con diagnóstico de dengue y su relación con el uso de Dipirona

Universidad y Salud ◽

10.22267/rus.161803.60 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 550

Author(s):

Oscar Alexander Gutierrez Lesmes ◽

Laura Inés Plata Casas ◽

Sandra Carolina Montaño Contreras

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Clinical Care ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Health Organization ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

Introducción: El dengue es una de las diez causas de hospitalización más frecuentes en los servicios de urgencias de pediatría, en la atención sintomática se utiliza la Dipirona como antipirético, la guía clínica de manejo del dengue de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) evidencia restricciones para su uso en pacientes con dengue y según la Guía de Atención Clínica Integral del paciente con dengue, no se debe administrar en pacientes pediátricos. Objetivo: Determinar la relación de la Dipirona con casos de mortalidad en menores de 16 años con dengue en el Meta. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles basado en la mortalidad por dengue en menores de edad reportados al Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública del departamento del Meta, años 2008 a 2011. Resultados: La razón de las ventajas (OR) evidencia que la mortalidad por dengue es 17,6 veces mayor en menores de edad que recibieron Dipirona con un intervalo de confianza de 95% entre 3,7-84,5 y un valor de P de 0,0002. Conclusión: El grupo de casos que recibió Dipirona en su tratamiento presentó una mayor mortalidad, la revisión de literatura no evidencia resultados sobre la relación de la Dipirona y mortalidad en niños con dengue, se debe seguir estudiando el fenómeno para contar con mayor evidencia científica.Abstract Introduction: Dengue is one of the ten most frequent causes of hospitalization in the emergency department of pediatrics where Dipyrone is used as an antipyretic in the symptomatic care. The clinical management guide for dengue of the Panamerican Health Organization (PHO) evidences restrictions for its use in patients with dengue, and according to the Integral Clinical Care Guide for patients with dengue, it should not be administered in pediatric patients. Objective: To determine the relationship between the uses of Dipyrone with the cases of mortality in children under 16 who suffered from dengue in Meta. Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted based on mortality from dengue in minors reported to the Surveillance System in Public Health in the department of Meta, from 2008 to 2011. Results: The odds ratio (OR) shows that dengue mortality is 17.6 times greater in children Dipyrone treated with a confidence interval of 95% between 3.7 to 84.5 and a P value of 0.0002. Conclusion: The case group who received Dipyrone in their treatment had a higher mortality. There is no evidence or results in the literature review about the relationship of Dipyrone and mortality in children with dengue. This phenomenon should continue to be studied to have greater scientific evidence.

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