An Algorithmic Approach to the Brain Biopsy—Part I

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (11) ◽  
pp. 1630-1638
Author(s):  
B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters ◽  
Richard A. Prayson
Keyword(s):  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Flow Chart ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Algorithmic Approach ◽  
Flow Diagrams ◽  
Flow Charts ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Difficult Cases

Abstract Context.—The formulation of appropriate differential diagnoses for a slide is essential to the practice of surgical pathology but can be particularly challenging for residents and fellows. Algorithmic flow charts can help the less experienced pathologist to systematically consider all possible choices and eliminate incorrect diagnoses. They can assist pathologists-in-training in developing orderly, sequential, and logical thinking skills when confronting difficult cases. Objective.—To present an algorithmic flow chart as an approach to formulating differential diagnoses for lesions seen in surgical neuropathology. Design.—An algorithmic flow chart to be used in teaching residents. Results.—Algorithms are not intended to be final diagnostic answers on any given case. Algorithms do not substitute for training received from experienced mentors nor do they substitute for comprehensive reading by trainees of reference textbooks. Algorithmic flow diagrams can, however, direct the viewer to the correct spot in reference texts for further in-depth reading once they hone down their diagnostic choices to a smaller number of entities. The best feature of algorithms is that they remind the user to consider all possibilities on each case, even if they can be quickly eliminated from further consideration. Conclusions.—In Part I, we assist the resident in learning how to handle brain biopsies in general and how to distinguish nonneoplastic lesions that mimic tumors from true neoplasms.

An Algorithmic Approach to the Brain Biopsy—Part II

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (11) ◽  
pp. 1639-1648
Author(s):  
Richard A. Prayson ◽  
B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Flow Chart ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Algorithmic Approach ◽  
Flow Diagrams ◽  
Flow Charts ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Context.—The formulation of appropriate differential diagnoses for a slide is essential to the practice of surgical pathology but can be particularly challenging for residents and fellows. Algorithmic flow charts can help the less experienced pathologist to systematically consider all possible choices and eliminate incorrect diagnoses. They can assist pathologists-in-training in developing orderly, sequential, and logical thinking skills when confronting difficult cases. Objective.—To present an algorithmic flow chart as an approach to formulating differential diagnoses for lesions seen in surgical neuropathology. Design.—An algorithmic flow chart to be used in teaching residents. Results.—Algorithms are not intended to be final diagnostic answers on any given case. Algorithms do not substitute for training received from experienced mentors nor do they substitute for comprehensive reading by trainees of reference textbooks. Algorithmic flow diagrams can, however, direct the viewer to the correct spot in reference texts for further in-depth reading once they hone down their diagnostic choices to a smaller number of entities. The best feature of algorithms is that they remind the user to consider all possibilities on each case, even if they can be quickly eliminated from further consideration. Conclusions.—In Part II, we assist the resident in arriving at the correct diagnosis for neuropathologic lesions containing granulomatous inflammation, macrophages, or abnormal blood vessels.

Studying the effect of Heartfulness Meditation on Brain Activity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Gupta ◽  
Jahnavi Mundluru ◽  
Arth Patel ◽  
Shankar Pathmakanthan
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Meditation Practice ◽  
Guided Relaxation

Long-term meditation practice is increasingly recognized for its health benefits. Heartfulness meditation represents a quickly growing set of practices that is largely unstudied. Heartfulness is unique in that it is a meditation practice that focuses on the Heart. It helps individuals to connect to themselves and find inner peace. In order to deepen ones’ meditation, the element of Yogic Energy (‘pranahuti’) is used as an aid during meditation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether consistent EEG effects of Heartfulness meditation be observed in sixty experienced Heartfulness meditators, each of whom attended 6 testing sessions. In each session, participants performed three conditions: a set of cognitive tasks, Heartfulness guided relaxation, and Heartfulness Meditation. Participants during the cognitive portion were required to answer questions that tested their logical thinking (Cognitive Reflective Test) and creative thinking skills. (Random Associative Test) The order of condition was randomly counter balanced across six sessions. It was hypothesized that Heartfulness meditation would bring increased alpha (8-12Hz) brain activity during meditation and better cognitive task scores in sessions where the tasks followed meditation. Heartfulness meditation produces a significant decrease in brain activity (as indexed by higher levels of alpha during the early stages of meditation. As the meditation progressed deep meditative state (as indexed by higher levels of delta) were observed until the end of the condition.  This lead to the conclusion that Heartfulness Meditation produces a state that is clearly distinguishable from effortful problem solving. 

KONTRIBUSI MODEL SIMULASI TIK UNTUK MENUMBUHKAN BERPIKIR LOGIS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS IV SD/MI

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Shobiroh Ulfa Kurniyawati ◽  
Andi Prastowo
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Simulation Learning ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah model pembelajaran simulasi berbasis TIK dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap kemampuan berpikir logis siswa kelas IV SD/ MI dalam pembelajaran matematika ?. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan berpikir logis siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika serta persepsi siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika yang sulit dipahami dan menakutkan, sehingga dihadirkan sebuah inovasi dengan memanfaatkan model simulasi berbasis TIK. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan desain penelitian kepustakaan (library research), sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mencari berbagai dokumentasi dari beberapa jurnal yang relevan dengan penelitian ini, kemudian dianalisis dan diambil kesimpulan. Jurnal yang digunakan adalah  terbitan sepuluh tahu terakhir yaitu mulai tahun 2010-2020. Hasil peneltian ini menunjukkan bahwa model simulasi berbasis TIK yang diterapkan dalam pembelajaran dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap kemampuan berpikir logis siswa, dengan kata lain model pembelajaran simulasi berbasis TIK dapat menumbuhkan kemampuan berpikir logis siswa kelas IV SD/ MI. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari analisis 33 artikel yang relevan dengan penelitian ini, sehingga dapat dipakai dalam menentukan kesimpulanKata Kunci : simulasi, tik, berpikir logisAbstract :This study aims to determine Whether the ICT-based simulation learning model can contribute to the logical thinking skills of grade IV SD/ MI students in mathematics learning. This research is motivated by the low ability of students to think logically in mathematics learning and students’ perceptions of learning mathematics which is difficult to understand and scary, so that an innovation is presented by utilizing an ICT-based simulation model. The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative method with library research desaign, while the data collection technique is done by looking for various documentation from several journal relevant to this research, then analyzed and conclusions drawn. The journal used are those of the last ten years, starting from 2010-2020. The results of this study indicate that the ICT-based simulation model applied in learning can contribute to student’s logical thinking skills, in other words, the ICT-based simulation learning model can foster logical thinking skills in grade IV SD/ MI students. This can be seen from the analysis of 33 articles relevant to this research, so that it can be used in determining conclusions.Keywords : simulation, ict, logical thinking

Stereotactic Brain Biopsy in Eloquent Areas Assisted by Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: a Technical Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. E124-E129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Bartek ◽  
Gerald Cooray ◽  
Mominul Islam ◽  
Margret Jensdottir
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Stereotactic Biopsy ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Awake Surgery ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Stereotactic Brain Biopsy ◽  
Eloquent Areas ◽  
The Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Stereotactic brain biopsy (SB) is an important part of the neurosurgical armamentarium, with the possibility of achieving histopathological diagnosis in otherwise inaccessible lesions of the brain. Nevertheless, the procedure is not without the risk of morbidity, which is especially true for lesions in eloquent parts of the brain, where even a minor adverse event can result in significant deficits. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is widely used to chart lesions in eloquent areas, successfully guiding maximal safe resection, while its potential role in aiding with the planning of a stereotactic biopsy is so far unexplored. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Magnetic resonance imaging of a 67-yr-old woman presenting with dysphasia revealed a noncontrast enhancing left-sided lesion in the frontal and parietal pars opercularis. Due to the location of the lesion, nTMS was used to chart both primary motor and language cortex, utilizing this information to plan a safe SB trajectory and sampling area according to the initial work-up recommendations from the multidisciplinary neuro-oncology board. The SB was uneventful, with histology revealing a ganglioglioma, WHO I. The patient was discharged the following day, having declined to proceed with tumor resection (awake surgery) due to the non-negligible risk of morbidity. Upon 1- and 3-mo follow-up, she showed no signs of any procedure-related deficits. CONCLUSION nTMS can be implemented to aid with the planning of a stereotactic biopsy procedure in eloquent areas of the brain, and should be considered part of the neurosurgical armamentarium.

scholarly journals 42. Study on the Brain Biopsy in Neurological Disorders of Children

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 181b-181b
Author(s):  
Hirota HORINOUCHI ◽  
Seiji HOSODA ◽  
Hironobu SHIMADA ◽  
Fujio MATUMI ◽  
Yoshihiko OTA
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Organizational and methodological support of preschoolers’ thinking skills development during problem foreign language teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-298
Author(s):  
Valentina N. Kartashova ◽  
◽  
Natalia V. Volynkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Logical Thinking

Introduction. Contemporary requirements to quality improving organizational and methodological support of preschoolers’ thinking skills development in object spatial environment and insufficient development of technological aspect of the problem highlight the search for new pedagogical opportunities among them on the basis of developing potential of children foreign language education.Resolving the contradiction lies in multifunctional substantively rich program creation in this direction and its implementation in the pre-school educational institution. Materials and methods. The study covered 114 (the control group – 57 children, the experimental group – 57 children) Voronezh and Yelets (Russian Federation) preschoolers at the age of 5,5–7,5. To diagnose the development level of imaginatively logical, visibly active and verbally logical thinking skills we used the methods of L.A. Venger, M. I. Ilyina, R. S. Nemov, G. A. Uruntayeva. The results were proved by the χ2-Pearson statistical test. Research results. The quantitative and qualitative review of the experimental teaching statistical data proved the fact that implementation of the authors’ experimental program based on problem teaching and creation of certain pedagogical conditions for preschoolers’ thinking skills stimulation enhance significantly the level of children’s intellectual development during early foreign language education (χ2 = 13,376 > χ20,05). Discussion and conclusion. For the first time a program was created and implementation conditions on the basis of the problem approach were identified. They included different types of children’s’ activity for joint foreign language communicative task performance and stimulated greatly development of preschoolers’ imaginatively logical, visibly active and verbally logical thinking skillsduring problem foreign language teaching. On the basis of the program a tutorially methodical set may be developed which would contribute to improving organizational and methodological support of preschoolers’ thinking skills development.

scholarly journals Central nervous system paracoccidioidomycosis. Report of a case successfully treated with Itraconazol

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. VILLA ◽  
Angela TOBÓN ◽  
Antonio RESTREPO ◽  
Daniel CALLE ◽  
David S. ROSERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
The Brain

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a primary pulmonary infection that often disseminates to other organs and systems. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare and due to the fact that both clinical alertness and establishment of the diagnosis are delayed, the disease progresses causing serious problems. We report here a case of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis (NPCM), observed in a 55 year-old male, who consulted due to neurological symptoms (left hemiparesis, paresthesias, right palpebral ptosis, headache, vomiting and tonic clonic seizures) of a month duration. Upon physical examination, an ulcerated granulomatous lesion was observed in the abdomen. To confirm the diagnosis a stereotactic biopsy was taken; additionally, mycological tests from the ulcerated lesion and a bronchoalveolar lavage were performed. In the latter specimens, P. brasiliensis yeast cells were visualized and later on, the brain biopsy revealed the presence of the fungus. Treatment with itraconazole (ITZ) was initiated but clinical improvement was unremarkable; due to the fact that the patient was taking sodium valproate for seizure control, drug interactions were suspected and confirmed by absence of ITZ plasma levels. The latter medication was changed to clonazepam and after several weeks, clinical improvement began to be noticed and was accompanied by diminishing P. brasiliensis antigen and antibody titers. In the PCM endemic areas, CNS involvement should be considered more often and the efficacy of itraconazole therapy should also be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Simultaneous occurrence of brain tumor and myeloradiculopathy in schistosomiasis mansoni: case report

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Roberto Lambertucci ◽  
Silvio Roberto Souza-Pereira ◽  
Tânia Antunes Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Brain

Simultaneous occurrence of brain tumor and myeloradiculopathy in cases of Manson's schistosomiasis have only rarely been described. We report the case of a 38-year-old man who developed seizures during a trip to Puerto Rico and in whom a brain tumor was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging: brain biopsy revealed the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. He was transferred to a hospital in the United States and, during hospitalization, he developed sudden paraplegia. The diagnosis of myeloradiculopathy was confirmed at that time. He was administered praziquantel and steroids. The brain tumor disappeared, but the patient was left with paraplegia and fecal and urinary dysfunction. He has now been followed up in Brazil for one year, and his clinical state, imaging examinations and laboratory tests are presented here.

Fatal Parasitic Meningoencephalomyelitis Caused By Halicephalobus deletrix: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-629
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Ondrejka ◽  
Gary W. Procop ◽  
Keith K. Lai ◽  
Richard A. Prayson
Keyword(s):  
Fatal Case ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Granulomatous Vasculitis ◽  
Helminthic Infection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Infection with the saprophagous nematode Halicephalobus species is uncommon but has been reported in horses worldwide. Only 3 human cases have been previously described, all of which have been fatal. We report a fourth fatal case, which occurred in a 39-year-old woman who presented with meningeal signs, altered mental status, and a prodromal pruritic rash. Diagnostic evaluation included an open brain biopsy, which was diagnosed as granulomatous vasculitis. The patient subsequently died after a course of steroids and cyclophosphamide. At autopsy, a robust perivascular mixed inflammatory infiltration of the brain parenchyma, meninges, and ventricular system was present with larval forms and mature nematodes morphologically consistent with Halicephalobus deletrix. Although extremely rare, this organism needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of human helminthic infection of the central nervous system.

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