A Newly Developed Mouse Monoclonal SOX10 Antibody Is a Highly Sensitive and Specific Marker for Malignant Melanoma, Including Spindle Cell and Desmoplastic Melanomas

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tacha ◽  
Weimin Qi ◽  
Seong Ra ◽  
Ryan Bremer ◽  
Charlie Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Wide Range

Context Recent immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated Sry-related HMG-Box gene 10 (SOX10) expression in malignant melanomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, a subset of breast carcinomas, and gliomas. SOX10 has shown important clinical utility in its ability to detect desmoplastic and spindle cell melanomas. To date, most publications have employed a research use–only goat polyclonal SOX10 antibody for immunohistochemical staining. Objective To describe the development of a new mouse monoclonal SOX10 antibody (BC34) and evaluate its immunohistochemical staining profile in a wide range of normal and neoplastic tissues, with an emphasis on melanoma. Design SOX10 antibody was optimized for staining using a polymer detection system and visualization with diaminobenzidine. Results In normal tissues, SOX10 was expressed in skin melanocytes and eccrine cells, breast myoepithelial and lobular epithelial cells, salivary gland myoepithelial cells, peripheral nerve Schwann cells, and central nervous system glial cells. SOX10 was expressed in 238 of 257 melanomas (92.6%), including 50 of 51 of both spindle cell and desmoplastic melanomas (98%). SOX10 was expressed in 100% of nevi (20 of 20) and schwannomas (28 of 28). In other neoplasms, SOX10 was expressed in 18 of 109 invasive ductal breast carcinomas (16.5%). All other carcinomas were negative for SOX10. SOX10 was identified in 25 of 52 central nervous system neoplasms, primarily in astrocytomas (22 of 41; 53.7%), and in 4 of 99 various sarcomas examined (4.0%). Conclusions The newly developed mouse monoclonal SOX10 antibody BC34 is highly sensitive and specific for malignant melanoma, including desmoplastic and spindle cell variants, and appears highly suitable for clinical use.

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS IN BRAIN OF PATIENTS WITH NEUROINFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1441
Author(s):  
Pavel Dyachenko ◽  
Igor Filchakov ◽  
Anatoly Dyachenko ◽  
Victoria Kurhanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Intrathecal Synthesis ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Mrz Reaction ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Viral encephalitis accounts for 40-70% of all cases worldwide, central nervous system infections pose a diagnostic challenge because clinical manifestations are not typically pathognomonic for specific pathogens, and a wide range of agents can be causative. The aim: To assess the diagnostic value of intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies in patients with inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system. Materials and methods: Within the framework of the study, two groups of 90 people in each were formed from the patients with neuroinfections admitted to our Center. Intrathecal synthesis (ITS) of total (unspecific) IgG in members of one of group (group of compare) was determined. Brain synthesis of specific antibodies (Ab) to some neurotropic pathogens (herpes simplex virus 1/2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella zoster virus, rubella virus, Borrelies) was studied in the second group of patients (group of interest). There were no statistically significant differences between groups by gender and age. Encephalitis and encephalomyelitis prevailed among patients of both groups Results: ITS of total IgG was established in 30 (33.3 ± 6.1 %) patients of the first group with IgG index more than 0.6 indicating on inflammatory process in CNS and no marked changes of CSF. ITS of specific Ab was determined in 23 of 90 (25.6 ± 4.6 %) patients included into group of interest. In more than half of cases Ab to several infectious agents were detected simultaneously. ITS of various specificity, in particular, to measles and rubella viruses, and VZV, known as MRZ-reaction, is characteristic of some autoimmune lesions of CNS, multiple sclerosis first of all. In fact, further research of 5 patients with MRZ-reaction confirmed their autoimmune failure of CNS. Detection of ITS in the CSF samples didn’t depend on concentration of specific Ab in serum and CSF and wasn’t followed by HEB dysfunctions which were observed with the same frequency in patients with or without ITS (13.0 % and 13.6 % respectively). Conclusion: Specific Ab synthesis to several neurotropic pathogens in the CSF of significant part of examined patients was established. Thus, diagnostic value of ITS of specific immunoglobulins seems to be limited to cases in which autoimmune damage of the CNS is suspected.

scholarly journals Primary Intracranial Malignant Melanoma Mimicking Meningioma—Report of Two Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmikant Bhople ◽  
Hrushikesh U. Kharosekar ◽  
Harish Naik ◽  
V. Velho
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Radiological Patterns

AbstractPrimary intracranial melanoma is uncommon and accounts for only approximately 1% of all cases of melanoma. This is interesting to neuro-oncologists and neurosurgeons because the clinical and radiological patterns of these tumors can mimic the presence of meningioma. Primary central nervous system melanomas have rarely been reported with less than 25 cases reported till date. We report two cases of the primary intracranial melanoma that even though very rare should be kept as a differential diagnosis when meningioma is suspected.

Central nervous system metastases in malignant melanoma

Neurosurgery ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26???30 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Bullard ◽  
E B Cox ◽  
H F Seigler
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Central Nervous System Metastases

scholarly journals Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Right Cerebellum: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Ye-Tao Zhu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Li-Gang Chen ◽  
Da-Ping Song
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Solitary Fibrous Tumor ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Solitary Fibrous Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fibrous Tumor ◽  
The Right

Solitary fibrous tumor is a very rare mesenchymal tumor that occurs mostly in the pleura, and there are few reported cases of a presence in the central nervous system, particularly in the cerebellum. In 2016, the WHO classified solitary fibrous tumors into grade I. In this article, we present a case of malignant solitary fibrous tumor recurring 8 years after surgery in a 63-year-old male. Magnetic resonance imaging showed low to intermediate mixed signal intensity on T1W1. Immunohistochemical staining positivity for Vimentin, CD99, CD34 and Bcl-2, it is consistent with the immunohistochemical characteristics of solitary fibrous tumor. We resected the patient’s tumor, and the patient was followed up for 3 months with no signs of recurrence. Solitary fibrous tumors are very rare in the central nervous system. Immunohistochemical staining positivity for CD34 and Bcl-2 is strongly expressed in most solitary fibrous tumor. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment. Due to the small number of cases, the biological behavior and prognosis of this tumor need to be further explored.

Fluorescence Detection of Hydrazine Hydrate Using Carbon Nanodots Synthesized from Mandarin Rind

2019 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Phitsini Suvarnaphaet ◽  
Wattapong Pinyo ◽  
Suejit Pechprasarn ◽  
Naphat Albutt
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hydrazine Hydrate ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection

Hydrazine hydrate is a highly toxic chemical widely used in agricultural and pharmaceutical industries. Exposure to hydrazine can induce an irritation of respiratory tract, blindness, damage of the DNA and central nervous system. In this paper, we will show the hydrazine hydrate (N2H4) detection using fluorescence carbon nanodots synthesized from mandarin rind, the so-called R-CNDs. Highly sensitive detection can be seen by naked eyes in a fluorescence red-shifting and by analyzing absorption spectra in case of micromolar concentrations of hydrazine hydrate solution.

scholarly journals Growth-associated protein 43 in differentiating peripheral nerve sheath tumors from other non-neural spindle cell neoplasms

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Shen Chen ◽  
Pei-Ling Chen ◽  
Dongsi Lu ◽  
Anne C Lind ◽  
Louis P Dehner
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumors ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors ◽  
Nerve Sheath

scholarly journals Efficacy and Toxicity of Treatments for Primary Central System Lymphoma: Review of the Recent Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jay ◽  
David. A. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Wide Range

Primary Central Nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an uncommon type of central nervous system lymphoma, most commonly presenting as hemiparesis and headache. Currently, there is a wide range of treatments for PCNSL, consisting of various permutations between chemotherapy, radiation and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Although the backbone of PCNSL treatment consists of High-dose Methotrexate (HD-MTX), the role of combination versus single agent chemotherapy, combined modality (chemotherapy + radiation) versus chemotherapy or radiation alone, and the use of consolidative ASCT are contested. Surgery does not have a role in the treatment of PCNSL although stereotactic biopsies tend to help with symptomatic relief. Radiation monotherapy is generally reserved for patients with contraindications to chemotherapy or as a palliative measure. Combined chemotherapy and radiation treatment has been shown to have a great efficacy, although its increased neurotoxicity compared to chemotherapy alone is a major drawback. A growing body of research is focused on comparing the efficacy of various chemotherapeutic regimens. Currently, the MATRix regimen comprising of HD-MTX(3.5g/m2)-cytarabine/rituximab/thiotepa is widely used. The additional survival benefit of ASCT is contested although its role in the treatment of refractory or relapsed PCNSL is generally agreed upon. Finally, intrathecal HD-MTX has been shown to have added survival benefit when added to the standard therapies. Further retrospective and prospective studies are required to compare the efficacy and toxicity of various treatment options, with a focus on different chemotherapeutic agents and ASCT.

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