Pathology in the Medical Profession?: Taking the Pulse of Physician Wellness and Burnout

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
pp. 976-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Schrijver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Physician Wellness ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Personal Consequences ◽  
Professional Fulfillment

Context.—In the past decades, physician wellness has diminished in every aspect of professional life. Burnout symptoms in the United States affect 30% to 68% of physicians overall—exceeding the levels of any other professional group. The ramifications of burnout present an underrecognized crisis in the health care system that carries the consequences of personal, professional, institutional, and societal costs. Objective.—To bring to light the elements of current medical practice that contribute to physician professional fulfillment and burnout. Intervention measures, steps toward burnout prevention, and the present limitations thereof are also addressed. Data Sources.—This narrative literature review was performed by using studies in PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information) and large online physician surveys, published through December 2015. Because of geographic differences, the review is primarily concentrated on physicians across specialties in the United States. Small studies and those of single disciplines were excluded. Conclusions.—Many physicians learn to tolerate burnout symptoms despite negative personal consequences. Long-term work-related stress, however, may lead to the potential for negative effects on the quality of patient care, and to attrition. Interestingly, the factors that enhance physician fulfillment and those that may precipitate burnout symptoms are distinct. Optimization of physician well-being, therefore, requires tailored approaches in each of these 2 dimensions and is most likely to succeed if it includes approaches that are customized to career phase, physician specialty, and practice setting. Importantly, organization leaders must prioritize this issue and provide sustained support for wellness initiatives, to foster a culture that is conducive to physician well-being.

Hard Time

Affilia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Casey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Criminal Justice Reform ◽  
Hard Time ◽  
Personal Accounts

As the number of women incarcerated in the United States continues to rise and their complex needs become more apparent, social workers must fortify their historical commitment to criminal justice reform. However, crafting more effective and compassionate responses to the needs of justice-involved women may very well require a more nuanced understanding of the holistic impact of incarceration on women’s well-being than the current literature offers. Utilizing the framework of feminist standpoint epistemology, the researcher engaged in qualitative content analysis to examine published personal accounts from 43 women to better understand their experiences in prisons and jails in the United States. Two overarching themes emerged from the analysis. First, the personal accounts illustrated that women experience prisons and jails as environments of denial insofar as these carceral environments deny women’s basic needs, their sense of humanity, and their personal power. The second overarching theme pertains to the holistic impact of the carceral environment upon women’s lives, meaning it has expansive effects on women’s biopsychosocial–spiritual functioning. Social workers should dedicate efforts to dramatically reducing the number of women behind bars and engaging in holistic intervention approaches that might counteract the negative effects of incarceration across domains of well-being.

scholarly journals Individual-Level Determinants of Employee Shirking

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Judge ◽  
Timothy D. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Organization Level

Employee shirking, where workers give less than full effort on the job, has typically been investigated as a construct subject to organization-level influences. Neglected are individual differences that could explain why employees in the same organization or work-group might shirk. Using a sample of workers from the health care profession in the United States, the present study sought to address these limitations by investigating subjective well-being (a dispositional construct), job satisfaction, as well as other indiuidual-level determinants of shirking. Results indicate that whites shirk significantly more than nonwhites, and that subjective well-being, job satisfaction, and age have significant, negative effects on shirking. The implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals E Pluribus… Unum?: Multiculturalism, Well-being, and Social Cohesion among Whites and Hispanics in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sara Morgan Watters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Majority Groups

<p>Multiculturalism has been proclaimed as a failure in several European countries and has been said to divide solidarity in the United States. As many Western nations become increasingly pluralistic, multiculturalism has become one of the most socially and politically divisive issues that has been debated among citizens, scholars, and political leaders, many of which suggest multiculturalism undermines social cohesion. However, a review of the literature suggests that inconsistent findings may be due in part to differences in the conceptualisation of the term multiculturalism. As we argue in the current study, not only is multiculturalism a multi-faceted phenomenon relating to diversity of a population, policy to manage diversity, and ideologies of whether diversity is positive or negative, but also it may have different consequences for minority and majority groups. In the current study we seek to examine how these different conceptualisations of multiculturalism, are related to well-being and social cohesion using a new construct called Subjective Multiculturalism. This measure investigates participants’ perceptions of how multicultural they perceive the United States to be in terms of diversity, policy that promotes equity, and ideology. Results indicate that Whites have higher levels of well-being than Hispanics and are more embedded in society. Results also indicate that perceptions that diversity is positively viewed by Americans predict social cohesion for Hispanics but not for Whites. Overall, findings suggest that multiculturalism does not exert negative effects on well-being or social cohesion, and indeed, in some cases it predicts positive outcomes, particularly for Hispanics.</p>

Predictors and Outcomes of U.S. Quality Maternity Leave: A Review and Conceptual Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 089484532110373
Author(s):  
Haley M. Sterling ◽  
Blake A. Allan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Work Related

Maternity leave includes the time that mothers take off from work to care for their baby and heal after childbirth. The United States’ maternity leave provisions lag behind other industrialized countries, resulting in poor quality maternity leave (QML) for many mothers. Accordingly, scholars have begun examining QML, a new construct that captures mothers’ subjective experiences of their leave, including dimensions like time off and flexibility. However, researchers know little about predictors and outcomes of QML. Therefore, in this literature review, we will integrate societal-, work-, and individual-level predictors as well as well-being and work-related outcomes of maternity leave into a testable conceptual framework for QML. This review has important implications for U.S. policy makers and organizations regarding their support of mothers. Future research should continue to build this framework to ensure that mothers and parents in the United States and internationally are provided the QML they need to thrive.

scholarly journals E Pluribus… Unum?: Multiculturalism, Well-being, and Social Cohesion among Whites and Hispanics in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sara Morgan Watters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Majority Groups

<p>Multiculturalism has been proclaimed as a failure in several European countries and has been said to divide solidarity in the United States. As many Western nations become increasingly pluralistic, multiculturalism has become one of the most socially and politically divisive issues that has been debated among citizens, scholars, and political leaders, many of which suggest multiculturalism undermines social cohesion. However, a review of the literature suggests that inconsistent findings may be due in part to differences in the conceptualisation of the term multiculturalism. As we argue in the current study, not only is multiculturalism a multi-faceted phenomenon relating to diversity of a population, policy to manage diversity, and ideologies of whether diversity is positive or negative, but also it may have different consequences for minority and majority groups. In the current study we seek to examine how these different conceptualisations of multiculturalism, are related to well-being and social cohesion using a new construct called Subjective Multiculturalism. This measure investigates participants’ perceptions of how multicultural they perceive the United States to be in terms of diversity, policy that promotes equity, and ideology. Results indicate that Whites have higher levels of well-being than Hispanics and are more embedded in society. Results also indicate that perceptions that diversity is positively viewed by Americans predict social cohesion for Hispanics but not for Whites. Overall, findings suggest that multiculturalism does not exert negative effects on well-being or social cohesion, and indeed, in some cases it predicts positive outcomes, particularly for Hispanics.</p>

ACOFP Member Survey on Physician Wellness and Preventative Measures for Protection

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Jesse Shaw ◽  
Katherine Lincoln ◽  
Andrew Crow
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Physician Wellness ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Personal Consequences ◽  
Organizational Attention ◽  
Physician Support ◽  
The Impact

The current medical landscape highlights that physicians are experiencing an unprecedented epidemic of burnout. National studies show that at least 50% of physicians practicing in the United States are experiencing this harmful, detrimental disorder. This not only leads to personal consequences but potentially adverse patient events. As studies suggest, family medicine physicians are at the highest risk. To evaluate the impact of this effect on its current members and to establish strategies to promote wellness, the American College of Osteopathic Family Physicians (ACOFP) appointed a Task Force on Physician Wellness. Data was collected by a voluntary internal survey between March 21 and April 7, 2019, distributed to all ACOFP members. A total of 133 members completed the survey. Nearly half (47%) of respondents admitted to experiencing burnout symptoms. The factors that influenced burnout the most were the burden of non-clinical/administrative work and the inefficient/burdensome electronic medical record. The most protective elements to combat burnout are having a supportive spouse/partner/family member and recognizing the meaning of their daily work. A transition must occur to focus on health instead of the disease of our physicians. Individual and organizational attention must be placed on the physical, mental and social well-being of physicians. In the creation of this task force, ACOFP has begun to create educational references, provide live CME and generate conversational networks for physician support.

Social exclusion, mental health, and social well-being among African immigrants in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 002087282096342
Author(s):  
Sherinah Saasa ◽  
David Okech ◽  
Yoon Joon Choi ◽  
Larry Nackerud ◽  
Tenesha Littleton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Exclusion ◽  
Social Work Interventions

This study examined the effects of social exclusion (socio-cultural and structural-economic exclusion) on the mental health and social well-being of African immigrants in the United States ( N = 409). We found that social exclusion increased depression and anxiety symptoms, decreased societal trust, increased subjective isolation, and increased worries about one’s safety among African immigrants. The results further indicated strong negative effects of discrimination on mental health and social well-being. The findings highlight the need for social work interventions that target discrimination and structural exclusionary mechanisms in efforts to improve the mental health and social well-being of African immigrants in the United States.

Corporate Ergonomics

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. J. Larson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
The Impact

Corporations have been implementing ergonomics programs for more than 30 years. Initially, the purpose of these programs was improving operational efficiency by applying knowledge of human capabilities and limitations to the design of work. In recent years, corporate programs in the United States have increasingly focused on reducing the impact of work-related musculoskeletal disorders on both business and employee well-being. This article provides a brief summary of both types of ergonomics program strategies and describes my experiences leading two corporate ergonomics programs.

Effectiveness of Programs for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Del Campo ◽  
Marisalva Fávero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse Prevention ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Abstract. During the last decades, several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of sexual abuse prevention programs implemented in different countries. In this article, we present a review of 70 studies (1981–2017) evaluating prevention programs, conducted mostly in the United States and Canada, although with a considerable presence also in other countries, such as New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The results of these studies, in general, are very promising and encourage us to continue this type of intervention, almost unanimously confirming its effectiveness. Prevention programs encourage children and adolescents to report the abuse experienced and they may help to reduce the trauma of sexual abuse if there are victims among the participants. We also found that some evaluations have not considered the possible negative effects of this type of programs in the event that they are applied inappropriately. Finally, we present some methodological considerations as critical analysis to this type of evaluations.

Dialectical Thinking and Psychological Well-Being in Morocco, China, and the United States

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassidy Bibo ◽  
Julie Spencer-Rodgers ◽  
Benaissa Zarhbouch ◽  
Mostafa Bouanini ◽  
Kaiping Peng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dialectical Thinking ◽  
Psychological Well Being
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