scholarly journals Practice Patterns in Urinary Cytopathology Prior to the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Güliz A. Barkan ◽  
Z. Laura Tabatabai ◽  
Daniel F. I. Kurtycz ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Padmanabhan ◽  
Rhona J. Souers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Urinary Cytology ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Preparation Techniques ◽  
Urine Specimens

Context.— The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology has been disseminated since its inception in 2013; however, the daily practice patterns of urinary tract cytopathology are not well known. Objective.— To assess urinary tract cytopathology practice patterns across a variety of pathology laboratories to aid in the implementation and future update of the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology. Design.— A questionnaire was designed to gather information about urinary tract cytopathology practices and mailed in July 2014 to 2116 laboratories participating in the College of American Pathologists interlaboratory comparison program. The participating laboratories' answers were summarized. Results.— Of the 879 of 2116 laboratories (41%) that participated, 745 (84.8%) reported processing urinary tract specimens in house. The laboratories reported processing various specimen types: voided urine, 735 of 738 (99.6%); bladder washing/barbotage, 639 of 738 (86.6%); and catheterized urine specimens, 653 of 738 (88.5%). Some laboratories used multiple preparation methods, but the most commonly used preparation techniques for urinary tract specimens were ThinPrep (57.4%) and Cytospin (45.5%). Eighty-eight of 197 laboratories (44.7%) reported preparing a cell block, but with a low frequency. Adequacy criteria were used by 295 of 707 laboratories (41.7%) for voided urine, and 244 of 707 (34.5%) assessed adequacy for bladder washing/barbotage. More than 95% of the laboratories reported the use of general categories: negative, atypical, suspicious, and positive. Polyomavirus was classified as negative in 408 of 642 laboratories (63.6%) and atypical in 189 of 642 (29.4%). One hundred twenty-eight of 708 laboratories (18.1%) performed ancillary testing, and of these, 102 of 122 (83.6%) reported performing UroVysion. Conclusions.— Most laboratories use the ThinPrep method followed by the Cytospin technique; therefore, the criteria published in The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology, based mostly on ThinPrep and SurePath, should be validated for Cytospin, and relevant information should be included in the revised edition of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology.

Despeckling of Sar Images Using Shrinkage of Two-Dimensional Discrete Orthonormal S-Transform

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150023
Author(s):  
Priya R. Kamath ◽  
Kedarnath Senapati ◽  
P. Jidesh
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
S Transform ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Shock Filter

Speckles are inherent to SAR. They hide and undermine several relevant information contained in the SAR images. In this paper, a despeckling algorithm using the shrinkage of two-dimensional discrete orthonormal S-transform (2D-DOST) coefficients in the transform domain along with shock filter is proposed. Also, an attempt has been made as a post-processing step to preserve the edges and other details while removing the speckle. The proposed strategy involves decomposing the SAR image into low and high-frequency components and processing them separately. A shock filter is used to smooth out the small variations in low-frequency components, and the high-frequency components are treated with a shrinkage of 2D-DOST coefficients. The edges, for enhancement, are detected using a ratio-based edge detection algorithm. The proposed method is tested, verified, and compared with some well-known models on C-band and X-band SAR images. A detailed experimental analysis is illustrated.

scholarly journals National Imaging and Antibiotic Practice Patterns in Children Presenting With Urinary Tract Infection to Community Practices: Little Impact From the American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines?

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1302-1308
Author(s):  
Brian M. Inouye ◽  
Zachary R. Dionise ◽  
Ruiyang Jiang ◽  
Steven Wolf ◽  
Leigh Nicholl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Antibiotic Utilization ◽  
Before And After

Our objective was to use community-based, national databases to evaluate diagnostic imaging and antibiotic prophylaxis practice patterns before and after the release of the 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for acute febrile urinary tract infection. Using the National Ambulatory and Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys, urinary tract infection encounters were identified for patients aged 2 months to 18 years. Primary outcomes were utilization of antibiotics (as proxy for prophylaxis) and diagnostic imaging during encounters. Weighted multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between time period (before and after 2011) and each of the primary outcomes. Among 8 588 035 weighted encounters, adjusting for covariates, there was insufficient evidence to suggest a difference between time periods for antibiotic utilization (odds ratio = 0.66, P = .12) or diagnostic imaging (odds ratio = 1.16, P = .56). Thus, we did not find evidence of changes in antibiotic utilization or diagnostic imaging practice patterns after the release of the 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines.

The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Bacampicillin Twice Daily in Comparative Studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Blomqvist ◽  
S. Å. Hedström
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Dose Levels

In 16 controlled, randomized, comparative studies a total of 953 patients were treated for urinary tract infection, sinusitis, otitis media or chronic bronchitis. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bacampicillin in a twice daily dosage, compared with three times daily dosages of bacampicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin and a twice daily dosage of co-trimoxazole. Bacampicillin was given in amounts of either 400 or 800 mg to 422 of the patients in these studies. The twice daily dosage of bacampicillin eradicated 89% of the causative bacteria of urinary tract infections compared to 86% with the other regimens. In acute sinusitis 92% and 96% of the patients were either cured or improved when treated with 400 and 800 mg bacampicillin twice daily respectively. Similar percentages occurred in the groups given the three times daily dosages. In exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 800 mg bacampicillin twice daily was the minimum effective dosage and 84% of the patients were either cured or improved with this regimen. Adverse drug reactions due to bacampicillin at all dose levels were less frequent than those of other anti-microbials. The lowest frequency of diarrhoea, 2.4%, was seen in the group given 400 mg bacampicillin twice daily. Dosages of 400 or 800 mg bacampicillin twice daily had a reliable efficacy combined with a low frequency of adverse reactions in respiratory and urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Interobserver reproducibility of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology

CytoJournal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Long ◽  
Lester J. Layfield ◽  
Magda Esebua ◽  
Shellaine R. Frazier ◽  
D. Tamar Giorgadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Urinary Cytology ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Urothelial Cells ◽  
Urothelial Carcinomas ◽  
Absolute Agreement ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Urine Specimens

Background: The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology represents a significant improvement in classification of urinary specimens. The system acknowledges the difficulty in cytologically diagnosing low-grade urothelial carcinomas and has developed categories to deal with this issue. The system uses six categories: unsatisfactory, negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC), atypical urothelial cells, suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma, high-grade urothelial carcinoma, other malignancies and a seventh subcategory (low-grade urothelial neoplasm). Methods: Three hundred and fifty-seven urine specimens were independently reviewed by four cytopathologists unaware of the previous diagnoses. Each cytopathologist rendered a diagnosis according to the Paris System categories. Agreement was assessed using absolute agreement and weighted chance-corrected agreement (kappa). Disagreements were classified as low impact and high impact based on the potential impact of a misclassification on clinical management. Results: The average absolute agreement was 65% with an average expected agreement of 44%. The average chance-corrected agreement (kappa) was 0.32. Nine hundred and ninety-nine of 1902 comparisons between rater pairs were in agreement, but 12% of comparisons differed by two or more categories for the category NHGUC. Approximately 15% of the disagreements were classified as high clinical impact. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the scheme recommended by the Paris System shows adequate precision for the category NHGUC, but the other categories demonstrated unacceptable interobserver variability. This low level of diagnostic precision may negatively impact the applicability of the Paris System for widespread clinical application.

scholarly journals Multimodal Medical Image Fusion using Guided Filter in NSCT Domain

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1937-1946
Author(s):  
Nancy Mehta ◽  
Sumit Budhiraja
Keyword(s):  
Image Fusion ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Phase Congruency ◽  
Edge Preserving ◽  
Medical Image Fusion ◽  
Fused Image

Multimodal medical image fusion aims at minimizing the redundancy and collecting the relevant information using the input images acquired from different medical sensors. The main goal is to produce a single fused image having more information and has higher efficiency for medical applications. In this paper modified fusion method has been proposed in which NSCT decomposition is used to decompose the wavelet coefficients obtained after wavelet decomposition. NSCT being multidirectional,shift invariant transform provide better results.Guided filter has been used for the fusion of high frequency coefficients on account of its edge preserving property. Phase congruency is used for the fusion of low frequency coefficients due to its insensitivity to illumination contrast hence making it suitable for medical images. The simulated results show that the proposed technique shows better performance in terms of entropy, structural similarity index, Piella metric. The fusion response of the proposed technique is also compared with other fusion approaches; proving the effectiveness of the obtained fusion results.

scholarly journals Using Lactobacillus as Probiotic to Inhibit Growth and Adhesion of Proteus mirabilis Causing Urinary Tract Infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Ghydaa H. A al-jeboury ◽  
Abdul Wahed Baker
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Adhesion Property ◽  
Significant Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Urine Specimens

The aim of the study was to use lactic acid bacteria (LAB), as probiotic, to treat growth and adhesion property of Proteus mirabilis isolated from patients suffering from urinary tract infection (UTI). For this purpose, one P. mirabilis isolate (P.M.9) was selected out of 9 isolates obtained from 150 urine specimens. Due to its resistance to 11 antibiotics tested, this isolate was treated with three-fold concentrated filtrates of two lactobacillus isolates (as probiotic). Results after treatment, showed that the filtrates exhibited significant inhibitory effect against the pathogenic P.M.9 and its adhesion property especially when only an average of 3-10 bacteria /cell were adhered to each epithelial cell compared to 44-55 bacteria/cell.

scholarly journals Isolation and Purification of Lipoarabinomannan from Urine of Adults with Active Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. Cantera ◽  
Andrew A. Rashid ◽  
Lorraine L. Lillis ◽  
Roger B. Peck ◽  
Paul K. Drain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Cell Wall Component ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Urine Specimens

AbstractLipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a cell wall component of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is excreted in the urine of persons with active tuberculosis (TB). Limited diagnostic sensitivity of LAM immunoassays has been due to selecting antibodies against LAM derived from in vitro cultured M. tuberculosis, rather than LAM purified from in vivo clinical urine specimens. Urinary LAM (uLAM) is critical to enable the development of and/or screening of novel uLAM-specific antibodies but is typically dilute and in heterogeneous mixtures with other urine components. We used physical, enzymatic, and chemical processes for the scaled isolation and purification of uLAM. The purified material may then be used to develop more sensitive uLAM diagnostic tests for active TB disease.

scholarly journals Graph Convolutional Networks using Heat Kernel for Semi-supervised Learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingbing Xu ◽  
Huawei Shen ◽  
Qi Cao ◽  
Keting Cen ◽  
Xueqi Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Kernel ◽  
Supervised Learning ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Semisupervised Learning ◽  
Heat Diffusion ◽  
Graph Structure ◽  
Convolutional Networks ◽  
Benchmark Datasets

Graph convolutional networks gain remarkable success in semi-supervised learning on graph-structured data. The key to graph-based semisupervised learning is capturing the smoothness of labels or features over nodes exerted by graph structure. Previous methods, spectral methods and spatial methods, devote to defining graph convolution as a weighted average over neighboring nodes, and then learn graph convolution kernels to leverage the smoothness to improve the performance of graph-based semi-supervised learning. One open challenge is how to determine appropriate neighborhood that reflects relevant information of smoothness manifested in graph structure. In this paper, we propose GraphHeat, leveraging heat kernel to enhance low-frequency filters and enforce smoothness in the signal variation on the graph. GraphHeat leverages the local structure of target node under heat diffusion to determine its neighboring nodes flexibly, without the constraint of order suffered by previous methods. GraphHeat achieves state-of-the-art results in the task of graph-based semi-supervised classification across three benchmark datasets: Cora, Citeseer and Pubmed.

scholarly journals Beneficios de la actividad física para la promoción de un envejecimiento activo en personas mayores. Revisión bibliográfica (Benefits of physical activity for the promotion of active aging in elderly. Bibliographic review)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazaret Martínez Heredia ◽  
Esther Santaella Rodríguez ◽  
Antonio-Manuel Rodríguez-García
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Revisión Sistemática

En las últimas décadas se observan cambios demográficos significativos, se observa una tendencia progresiva en cuanto al envejecimiento de la población, la longevidad se trata de una característica presente en nuestra sociedad. Dicho cambio está propiciando el desarrollo de diversas políticas orientadas a fomentar un envejecimiento activo y saludable, teniendo en cuenta los beneficios de la actividad física para su promoción. El principal objetivo de este estudio se centra en realizar una revisión sistemática de estudios sobre la incidencia positiva de la actividad física en el bienestar de las personas mayores asociado a un envejecimiento saludable. Para ello, se utilizaron los estudios recogidos en la colección principal de la base de datos Web of Science, seleccionando las revistas con mayor índice de impacto. La muestra consta de 15 artículos, los cuales se estudian a fondo para desglosar la información más relevante. Los artículos han sido seleccionados teniendo en cuenta las siguientes variables: objetivos, diseño, muestra e instrumentos y resultados. Los artículos analizados muestran que la práctica diaria de actividad física incrementa los niveles de autoestima e incide en la felicidad de los mayores, además de contribuir a mejorar la capacidad para el autocuidado, favorecer la integración del esquema corporal y facilitar las relaciones intergeneracionales, entre otros aspectos positivos. Es necesario promover un envejecimiento activo y saludable en mayores basado en la promoción de la actividad física. Abstract: A significant change is taking place nowadays, i.e. the progressive tendency to aging of the elderly population: longevity is a very latent characteristic in our society. This change is favoring the development of various policies for the preparation of the population towards an active and healthy aging, taking into account the benefits of physical activity for its promotion. The main objective of this study is to review the bibliography on the positive impact of physical activity on elders’ well-being associated with healthy aging. Studies collected in the Web of Science database were chosen from those journals with the highest impact index. The sample consisted of 15 articles, which were thoroughly studied so to break down the most relevant information. The articles were selected taking into account the following variables: objectives, design, sample and instruments, and results. The analyzed articles showed how daily practice of physical activity increases self-esteem levels, affects elderly’s happiness, contributes to improving self-care competence, promotes corporal scheme integration, facilitates intergenerational relations, increases social participation, creates positive changes in lifestyle, improves sleep quality, reduces anxiety, stress, depression and insomnia, and reinforces intellectual activity due to good cerebral oxygenation, among other effects. In the third age it is necessary to promote an active and healthy aging based on the promotion of physical activity.

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