scholarly journals Beneficios de la actividad física para la promoción de un envejecimiento activo en personas mayores. Revisión bibliográfica (Benefits of physical activity for the promotion of active aging in elderly. Bibliographic review)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazaret Martínez Heredia ◽  
Esther Santaella Rodríguez ◽  
Antonio-Manuel Rodríguez-García

En las últimas décadas se observan cambios demográficos significativos, se observa una tendencia progresiva en cuanto al envejecimiento de la población, la longevidad se trata de una característica presente en nuestra sociedad. Dicho cambio está propiciando el desarrollo de diversas políticas orientadas a fomentar un envejecimiento activo y saludable, teniendo en cuenta los beneficios de la actividad física para su promoción. El principal objetivo de este estudio se centra en realizar una revisión sistemática de estudios sobre la incidencia positiva de la actividad física en el bienestar de las personas mayores asociado a un envejecimiento saludable. Para ello, se utilizaron los estudios recogidos en la colección principal de la base de datos Web of Science, seleccionando las revistas con mayor índice de impacto. La muestra consta de 15 artículos, los cuales se estudian a fondo para desglosar la información más relevante. Los artículos han sido seleccionados teniendo en cuenta las siguientes variables: objetivos, diseño, muestra e instrumentos y resultados. Los artículos analizados muestran que la práctica diaria de actividad física incrementa los niveles de autoestima e incide en la felicidad de los mayores, además de contribuir a mejorar la capacidad para el autocuidado, favorecer la integración del esquema corporal y facilitar las relaciones intergeneracionales, entre otros aspectos positivos. Es necesario promover un envejecimiento activo y saludable en mayores basado en la promoción de la actividad física. Abstract: A significant change is taking place nowadays, i.e. the progressive tendency to aging of the elderly population: longevity is a very latent characteristic in our society. This change is favoring the development of various policies for the preparation of the population towards an active and healthy aging, taking into account the benefits of physical activity for its promotion. The main objective of this study is to review the bibliography on the positive impact of physical activity on elders’ well-being associated with healthy aging. Studies collected in the Web of Science database were chosen from those journals with the highest impact index. The sample consisted of 15 articles, which were thoroughly studied so to break down the most relevant information. The articles were selected taking into account the following variables: objectives, design, sample and instruments, and results. The analyzed articles showed how daily practice of physical activity increases self-esteem levels, affects elderly’s happiness, contributes to improving self-care competence, promotes corporal scheme integration, facilitates intergenerational relations, increases social participation, creates positive changes in lifestyle, improves sleep quality, reduces anxiety, stress, depression and insomnia, and reinforces intellectual activity due to good cerebral oxygenation, among other effects. In the third age it is necessary to promote an active and healthy aging based on the promotion of physical activity.

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Yifan Zuo ◽  
Mu Zhang ◽  
Jiayu Han ◽  
Kevin W. Chen ◽  
Zhanbing Ren

The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between residents’ physical activity, health values, and well-being during isolation. On the basis of the physical activity rating scale, health values scale, subjective well-being scale, and the satisfaction with life scale, we collected 505 valid questionnaires online from 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China. A series of multiple linear regression models were established to study the relationship between variables, and the bootstrap confidence interval was selected to test the mediating effect. The results showed that during the period of isolation, physical activity directly (b = 0.463, p < 0.001) or indirectly (b = 0.358, p < 0.001) had a positive impact on residents’ well-being through the mediating effect of health values. There was a positive correlation between physical activity and health values (b = 0.710, p < 0.001), while health values had a direct positive association on well-being (b = 0.504, p < 0.001). In addition, a moderate amount of physical activity was found to be more associated with the well-being of residents during home isolation compared to small and large amounts of physical activity. This study shows the importance of residents’ physical activities in home isolation. Moderate exercise at home and regular physical activity are beneficial to our physical and mental health, especially in terms of improving overall well-being.


Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Gabriel González Valero ◽  
Félix Zurita Ortega ◽  
Silvia San Román Mata ◽  
Antonio José Pérez Cortés ◽  
Pilar Puertas Molero ◽  
...  

Las etapas educativas relativas a la infancia y adolescencia son periodos esenciales para promocionar los estilos de vida saludables, tales como el incremento de la actividad física y la mejora de la condición física. La capacidad aeróbica es una de las cualidades más importantes de la condición física relacionadas con la salud, ya que representa una medida directa del grado general de salud y de manera específica del estado del sistema cardiovascular, respiratorio y metabólico. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar el efecto de la capacidad aeróbica en estudiantes, mediante una revisión sistemática de literatura científica. La búsqueda bibliográfica se ha realizado en la base de datos Web of Science y SCOPUS, obteniendo una población de 293 artículos publicados entre 1997-2017. Tras la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión, se seleccionaron 26 estudios para su posterior análisis y tratamiento. Podemos decir que la capacidad aeróbica del alumnado se encuentra relacionada de forma considerable con los niveles de actividad física, parámetros antropométricos y aspectos del rendimiento académico y mental. Por ello, se resalta la necesidad de aumentar el número de investigaciones que analicen y/o traten la capacidad aeróbica como uno de los principales indicadores de salud relacionada con la condición física, ejerciendo así un papel protector frente a distintas enfermedades futuras.Abstract. The educational stages related to childhood and adolescence are essential periods for the promotion of healthy behaviors, such as increased physical activity and improved physical fitness. Aerobic capacity is one of the most important qualities of health-related physical fitness, as it represents a direct measure of general health as well as it specifically defines the state of cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic systems. The main objective of this work is to analyze the effect of aerobic capacity in students through a systematic review of scientific literature. The bibliographic search was done in the Web of Science and SCOPUS databases, obtaining a population of 293 articles published between 1997 and 2017. After the inclusion criteria were applied, 26 studies were selected for further analysis and treatment. The review highlights that students’ aerobic capacity is significantly associated with physical activity levels, anthropometric parameters, and certain aspects of academic and mental performance. Therefore, the need to increase research analyzing and / or treating aerobic capacity as one of the main health indicators related to physical fitness is emphasized, as this quality plays a protective role in relation to different future diseases.


2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
V. Mihaylova ◽  
I. Ivanova ◽  
A. Alakidi ◽  
K. Kilova ◽  
M. Liochkova

Abstract A doctrine was established regarding the so called “new beginning” – the transition to the post-retirement period for a full-value experience of the available compensatory reserves and creation of overcoming strategies for opposing and coping with the obstacles in the still uncommon lifestyle of the senior citizen. By outlining the role of physical activity in a synthesized format, a successful attempt for data classification worldwide was made; in one fourth of the elderly people there is insufficient physical activity, more evident in the women and for Bulgaria this percent is higher (95%). The role and effect of categorized physical exercises for mobility, flexibility, and stretching, aerobic and anaerobic movements have been pointed out. Moreover, the review discusses the preventive effects of rehabilitation, including psychological ones and the role of it in helping patients live with socially significant diseases, coping with disability. The contribution of physical activity and rehabilitation as protective factors of non-infectious diseases is associated with good mental health, improved quality of life and well-being. Within this meaning, while contemporary medicine adds years to life, physical activity and mostly rehabilitation is a significant reason for adding a meaningful life in the course of aging and old age.


Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Romero Ramos ◽  
Óscar Romero-Ramos ◽  
Arnoldo José González Suárez

  La actividad física (AF) afecta de manera positiva en la salud de las personas a cualquier edad, de acuerdo con los resultados de diferentes estudios en cuanto a la salud cognitiva de las personas mayores, los beneficios son más evidentes. Por esa razón, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica que aborda los efectos de la AF en las funciones cognitivas (FC) de las personas mayores. Se consultaron cuatro bases de datos: Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, y Pub Med, y el buscador Scholar Google. Tras aplicar los criterios de selección, quedaron 31 artículos, que fueron analizados en cuanto a) país, cantidad de individuos y edad, b) variables, y c) enfoque de investigación, duración y resultados. En general, la AF mejora diversas dimensiones de las funciones cognitivas de las personas mayores, donde median factores genéticos y ambientales que tienen que ver con el estilo de vida del individuo. Los tipos de AF se comportan de manera diferencial en cuanto a la dimensión de la función cognitiva que mejoran. La determinación de marcadores bioquímicos (BDNF, dopamina, péptido β-amiloide, gamma gap), de imagenología por resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) y cambios en la actividad eléctrica del cerebro, soportan la hipótesis de que la AF produce cambios en la forma y actividad cerebral, sin que ello suponga cambios significativos en la conducta observada y medible mediante test estandarizados de salud mental.  Abstract. Physical activity (PA) positively affects people's health at any age, and according to the results of different studies on the cognitive health of older people, the benefits are more evident. For this reason, a systematic review of the scientific literature addressing the effects of PA on the cognitive functions (CF) of older people has been conducted. Four databases were consulted to locate relevant literature: Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Pub Med, and the Scholar Google search engine. After applying the selection criteria, 31 articles were left, which were analyzed in terms of a) country, number of individuals and age, b) variables, and c) research approach, duration and results. In general, PA improves several dimensions of cognitive functions of older people, where genetic and environmental factors that have to do with the individual's lifestyle are mediated. Types of PA behave differently in terms of the dimension of cognitive function they improve. The determination of biochemical markers (BDNF, dopamine, amyloid peptide β, gamma gap), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR) and changes in the electrical activity of the brain support the hypothesis that PA produces changes in brain shape and activity, without significant changes in behavior observed and measurable by standardized tests of mental health.


Author(s):  
Eliška Mičková ◽  
Kristýna Machová ◽  
Klára Daďová ◽  
Ivona Svobodová

Physical activity (PA) is crucial for maintaining good health of older adults and owning a dog and walking it can enforce it. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dog ownership on PA in older adults as well as its positive impact on perceived degree of health, and sleep. There were 44 participants of mean age 68 ± 5.4 years (18 males, 26 females) enrolled in this study (dog owners—DO, n = 26; non-dog owners—NDO, n = 18). Xiaomi Mi Band 2 accelerometer, International Physical Activity Questionnaire- Short form (IPAQ-Short Form) and SF-36 questionnaires were used to measure the level of PA, sleep, and subjective health. A statistically significant difference was observed in favor of dog owners in most of the monitored parameters. All accelerometer PA parameters (step count, activity time, distance, calories) showed a significant difference at a p < 0.01. Sleep parameters were significant in total sleep length (p = 0.05) and light sleep length (p < 0.05). DO reported higher total PA time (min/week), MET/min/week spent in walking, and spent calories/week (p < 0.05). In SF-36 they reported higher score (p < 0.05) in general health, physical functioning, social functioning, pain, vitality, and emotional well-being. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly lower in the DO group (p < 0.01). The results suggest that dog ownership may affect the overall PA and health of older adults.


Author(s):  
Raquel Lara ◽  
Martha Fernández-Daza ◽  
Sara Zabarain-Cogollo ◽  
María Angustias Olivencia-Carrión ◽  
Manuel Jiménez-Torres ◽  
...  

The features of the COVID-19 pandemic and the social operations to contain the spread of the virus might have limited or altered coping, including healthy habits such as exercise, this contributing to a myriad of negative consequences for the mental health of the global population. We explored the contribution of coping and physical activity to the management of anxiety in Spanish adults during an active phase of the epidemic, as well as the relationship between these strategies. A total of 200 young and adult individuals (70% women) voluntarily completed an anxiety inventory, a coping skills self-report and a personal data section including exercise practice. The participants reported in average a mild yet existing level of anxiety symptoms; a third reported noticeable symptoms. At the time of the study, the participants used more adaptive than maladaptive coping styles. Participants’ anxiety was inversely correlated with an active coping style, and positively with an avoidant style; physical activity correlated positively with an active coping style, and regular exercisers used more frequently active coping. Controlling for confounders, active coping, avoidant coping and exercise during the pandemic predicted anxiety symptoms. Other findings indicated that exercise was used as a coping strategy for dealing with emotional distress. Our results highlight the positive impact of functional coping and exercise for the management of negative states such as anxiety during the pandemic, and underline the importance of developing interventions aimed at enhancing coping skills for promoting physical and mental well-being of the population during health and social crises.


Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 316-320
Author(s):  
Adilson Marques ◽  
Francisco Gómez ◽  
João Martins ◽  
Ricardo Catunda ◽  
Hugo Sarmento

Background: The time allocation for physical education school-based physical activity is often replaced with other classes in an effort to increase children’s academic performance. However, a growing body of literature suggests that physical activity either had no effect on academic performance or that it enhanced it. Objective: The purpose of this report is to perform a systematic review of the evidence on the associations between physical education and school-based physical activity, and academic performance. Design: Systematic review. Methods: Studies were identified through research of the PubMed, Sportdiscus, and Web of Science databases from 2000 through 2016. The titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility, the methodological quality of the studies was rated, and data was extracted. The main exposure was physical education or school-based physical activity. For the main outcome, studies had to report at least one academic performance measure. Results: A total of 12 articles met the inclusion criteria; four of them were cross-sectional, two longitudinal, two quasi-experimental and four interventional studies. Seven articles found a positive association between physical education or school-based physical activity and academic performance, four found no association and in one there was a positive association for 3rd grade students and a negative association for 2nd grade students. Conclusion: In general, results of the review support that physical education or school-based physical activity is positively associated with academic performance in children.Resumen. Introducción: La asignación de tiempo para la actividad física o la educación física en escuelas a menudo se sustituye con otras clases, en un esfuerzo para incrementar el rendimiento académico de los niños. Sin embargo, un número creciente de estudios sugieren que la actividad física o no tiene algún efecto sobre la mejora del rendimiento académico. Objetivo: El objetivo de este manuscrito es realizar una revisión sistemática de la evidencia sobre la asociación entre la educación física y la actividad física en la escuela, y el rendimiento académico. Diseño: Revisión sistemática. Métodos: Se identificaron estudios a partir de búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, Sportdiscus y Web of Science de 2000 a 2016. Se proyectaron los títulos y los resúmenes de elegibilidad, se calificó la calidad metodológica de los estudios y se extrajeron los datos. Las principales exposiciones fueron la educación física o la actividad física en la escuela durante el horario escolar. Para el resultado principal, los estudios debían informar al menos una medida de rendimiento académico. Resultados: Un total de 12 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, cuatro de ellos eran de la sección transversal, dos longitudinales, dos cuasi-experimental y cuatro estudios de intervención. Siete artículos encontraron una asociación positiva entre la educación física o la actividad física en las escuelas y el rendimiento académico, en cuatro no se encontró ninguna asociación y en uno se encontró una asociación positiva para los estudiantes de 3er grado y una asociación negativa para los estudiantes de 2do grado. Conclusión: En general, los resultados de la revisión apoyan que la educación física o la actividad física en la escuela se asocia positivamente con el rendimiento académico en los niños.


Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
José Martín Gamonales Puerto ◽  
Maykel Durán-Vaca ◽  
Luisa Gámez-Calvo ◽  
Víctor Hernández-Beltrán ◽  
Jesús Muñoz-Jiménez ◽  
...  

  El trabajo tiene por objetivo revisar la evidencia científica relacionada con el fútbol para personas amputadas. Para la búsqueda de referencia, se utilizó como descriptores las siguientes palabras clave: “Football” y “Amputee”. Los términos fueron introducidos en inglés en las siguientes bases de datos informatizadas: SPORTDiscus, PUBMED, Web Of Science y SCOPUS, considerando todos los documentos publicados hasta septiembre del 2020. Para limitar la búsqueda, se introdujeron cuatro criterios de inclusión: 1) Seleccionar documentos disponibles a texto completo o con resumen, 2) Contar con suficiente información relevante sobre el fútbol para personas con amputaciones (Mínimo 50 palabras), 3) Aportar información relacionada con la condición física, entrenamiento, lesiones y/o aspectos sociales de los jugadores de fútbol para personas con amputaciones, y 4) Estar escrito en español, inglés o portugués. La revisión sistemática exploratoria contó con diez documentos relacionados con el fútbol para personas con amputaciones. Los documentos existentes relacionados con la temática son escasos como consecuencia de la falta de evolución de esta modalidad. Estos manuscritos, en su mayoría, tratan aspectos como la fuerza y la resistencia. Además, un sólo documento habla de la utilización de dispositivos inerciales en sus mediciones. Por tanto, surge la necesidad de realizar nuevas investigaciones en el ámbito de fútbol para personas con amputaciones. Abstract. The study aims to review the scientific evidence related to football for amputees. For the reference search, the following keywords were used as descriptors: “Football” and “Amputee”. The terms were entered in English in the following computerized databases: SPORTDiscus, PUBMED, Web of Science and SCOPUS, considering all the documents published up to September 2020. To limit the search, four inclusion criteria were introduced: 1) Select documents available in full text or with abstract, 2) Have enough relevant information about soccer for amputees (Minimum 50 words), 3) Provide information related to the physical condition, training, injuries and / or social aspects of the players of soccer for people with amputations, and 4) Be written in Spanish, English or Portuguese. The exploratory systematic review featured ten football related documents for amputees. The existing documents related to the subject are scarce as a consequence of the lack of evolution of this modality. These manuscripts, for the most part, deal with aspects such as strength and endurance. Furthermore, only one document talks about the use of inertial devices in their measurements. Therefore, there is a need for further research in the field of football for amputees.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sergey Ivaschenko

This article aims at finding ways to solve the problem of optimizing the organization of recreational activities used to preserve and promote health of children and adolescents in the period of their stay in youth camps. The main purpose of this study was to determine the level of efficiency of modern recreational programs used to preserve and promote health of children and adolescents undergoing rehabilitation in a summer youth camp. In the process of the present study research methods applied were analysis of scientific and methodological literature, documentary materials (in particular, data from medical records), sociological methods (questionnaire and sociometry), educational methods (teacher observation, educational experiment), psychological methods (tests-questionnaires to determine the type of character accentuation of subjects, anxiety level scale, the scale of indicators and forms of aggression, socialization questionnaires for pupils, as well as methods of mathematical statistics. This research provided materials showing significant positive impact of modern recreational programs on the state of physical and mental health of children and adolescents. In particular, facts were reported about the improvement of performance, discipline and success in learning, reduction of morbidity, and improvement of mood and well-being of the investigated young persons. Special attention was paid to the study of the state of students with different types of character accentuation. It was found that the application of the standard recreational programs in the summer camps helped to raise the level of physical activity for children and adolescents who participated in the experiment by 38.6 % compared to the level of their daily physical activity. The use of individual programs of recreational pursuits with the accentuation of the character of children and adolescents allowed increasing their physical activity by 42.4 %. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the application of modern recreational programs has a positive impact on the physical and psychological state of children and adolescents. The maximum effect for students with the accentuation of character is obtained through the application of individual health and recreational programs. The data obtained from the study can be used to study and develop recreational programs not only for children and teenagers, but also for other age groups. Keywords: organization of recreational activities, summer camp, the level of physical activity, young persons, psychosomatic condition of adolescents.


Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 886-894
Author(s):  
Eva Guijarro ◽  
Irene Rocamora ◽  
Carlos Evangelio ◽  
Sixto González Víllora

La investigación en relación al modelo de Educación Deportiva (ED) ha mostrado un impacto positivo en los estudiantes. Sin embargo, se encuentran resultados contradictorios y escasos en algunos campos o dominios. El objetivo de esta revisión fue ofrecer una visión de las implementaciones más recientes de la ED, desde primer curso de Educación Primaria hasta el segundo curso de Bachillerato (6-18 años) en el contexto español, así como las prospectivas para futuras investigaciones. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática desde 2015 hasta 2018, buscando el término ‘sport education’ o ‘educación deportiva en las principales bases de datos (Web of Science, EBSCO, ERIC, Medline, Scopus y Scielo), permitiendo seleccionar los artículos originales que incluían información sobre las implementaciones de la ED en Educación Primaria, Secundaria y Bachillerato, ya sea en el ámbito curricular o extracurricular. Los resultados mostraron que la implementación de la ED se ha expandido en los últimos años incluyendo todos los dominios de aprendizaje: físico, social, cognitivo y afectivo. Como conclusión, se puede afirmar que el modelo de ED es un modelo pedagógico adecuado para llevar a la práctica tanto en el ámbito curricular como extracurricular, con mejoras significativas para los estudiantes en los dominios social, afectivo, físico y cognitivo.Abstract. Research in relation to the Sport Education (SE) model has shown a positive impact on students. However, contradictory and scarce results are found in some fields or domains. The objective of this review was to offer a vision of the most recent implementations of SE, from the first year in Primary Education to the second year in Baccalaureate (6-18 years) in the Spanish context, as well as perspectives for future research. To do so, a systematic review was carried out from 2015 to 2018, looking for the term ‘sport education’ or ‘educación deportiva’ in the main databases (Web of Science, EBSCO, ERIC, Medline, Scopus, and Scielo), allowing to select the originals articles that included information about the implementations of SE in Primary Education, Secondary School, and Baccalaureate, either in the curricular or extracurricular context. The results showed that SE implementations has been expanded in recent years, including all learning domains: physical, social, cognitive, and affective. As a conclusion, it can be affirmed that SE is an adequate pedagogical model to be carried out both in the curricular and extracurricular fields, with significant improvements for students in the social, affective, physical, and cognitive domains.


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