Prosopography and Byzantine Identity

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Magdalino
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Distinct Form ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Historical Science

This chapter reflects on the contribution of prosopography to Byzantine studies during the second half of the twentieth century. To get it right, the set of identities has to be comprehensive, each identity has to be complete and correct, and its points of contact with other identities have to be clearly visible. Prosopography retrieves and labels the bits, then it boxes the kits, from which past identities are assembled and interpreted scientifically. While it may not be committed to delivering finished solutions, it lays out the steps by which they are reached, through its absolute commitment to the principles which make it a distinct form of historical science: that every piece of historical data should be related to an identifiable historical person, that multiple identities should not be confused, single identities should not be multiplied and collective identities should always be defined in terms of connections between individuals.

MUSEUM OF ARCHEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE IEI UFRC RAS: CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
R.M. MUKHAMETZYANOVA-DUGGAL ◽  
◽  
D.A. KAMALETDINOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the research is the experience of creating and functioning of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research of the UFRC RAS (MAE IEI UFRC RAS), which is an integral part of the academic museum network formed in the second half of the twentieth century. For a long time, the museum has been exhibiting objects that demonstrate the results of archaeological and ethnographic research in the field of studying the history and culture of the peoples of the Southern Urals. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the creation of the museum, to consider its development to date; to analyze the main directions of work and the results of museum activities, as well as to determine the specifics and prospects for the development of museum activities of the IEI of the UFRC RAS. In the course of the research, the names of scientists and specialists who participated in the formation of collections are named, information about the acquisition of museum funds and state accounting of objects is provided, the features of exposition activity are highlighted, the most interesting exhibitions and current work in this direction are noted, the implementation of excursion activities is shown, the results of project work are highlighted and the most significant projects are described. Attention is also paid to the results of research activities based on archaeological and ethnographic funds, since this work makes a significant contribution to the development of historical science.

“A Page from the History of Marxism”: Gefter’s Edevours to Read Marx Anew

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-1) ◽  
pp. 11-34
Author(s):  
Svetlana Neretina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The purpose of this paper is to show how the thought and speech of people holding and defending directly opposite positions affect the change in the thought and speech of people of their own and subsequent generations, with different life orientations, and to find ways of this influence. The author describes the situation that arose at the end of the sixties of the twentieth century, known as the ideological dispersal of philosophical, historical and sociological trends that ran counter to the policy of the CPSU, which became especially fierce in the fight against opponents after the USSR’s invasion of Czechoslovakia in August, 1968. One of the results of such an ideological battle was the defeat of the sector of the methodology of history of the Institute of General History of the USSR Academy of Sciences, headed by M. Ya. Gefter, who published a series of books in which the so-called laws of historical development (formational approach) were questioned and the fundamental provisions of the classics of Marxism-Leninism were criticized. The subject of analysis is Gefter’s article “A Page from the History of Marxism in the Early 20th Century”, published in the book “Historical Science and Some Problems of the Modernity”, dedicated to the analysis of Lenin’s tactics and strategy development which changed the views of many, especially young, historians on the historical process, and most importantly - on the methods of seeking and expressing the truth. The differences were expressed primarily in the fact that the proponents and defenders of the Soviet regime, which was based on their own established norms of Marxism-Leninism, fearlessly used all means of pressure on unwanted opponents. Professionals, however, who tried to understand the true sense of the historical process, the sense of judgments about it, especially the sense of the revolutionary struggle against the autocracy, unfolding at the beginning of the twentieth century, were forced to use the Aesopian language, which also provoked a distortion of this sense in many ways: due to the nebulous and veiled expressions, which give the impression of theoretical blackmail, causing such consequences as speech irresponsibility.

Memes and the Future of Pop Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Danesi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Distinct Form ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Business World ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Historical Flow

Abstract Pop culture, as a distinct form of culture with its own historical, artistic and textual categories, crystallized in the first decades of the twentieth century as a reaction to the restrictive social traditions of colonial America. It spread quickly and broadly throughout the bustling urban centers of the 1920s—an era when it formed a partnership with technology and the business world. This coalition gave pop culture its identity, allowing it to thrive and form alliances with artistic and literary movements. But pop culture may have run its course with the rise of meme culture—a culture that has evolved on the Internet. This essay revisits the social, psychic, and aesthetic roots of pop culture, suggesting that meme culture has fragmented its historical flow, thus threatening to bring about its demise.

Using historical accounts to assess the occurrence and distribution of small cetaceans in a poorly known area

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1583-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Brito ◽  
Nina Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Delphinus Delphis ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Common Dolphins

Historical science may play an important role in helping understanding and shaping the future of the world's oceans and to comprehend present day effects and conditions. Regarding cetaceans, historical accounts may be extremely useful to add new data to their occurrence and distribution in poorly studied regions. In Portugal, historical sources indicate that toninhas (possibly common dolphins Delphinus delphis) were observed since the 13th Century and were captured in large numbers during the late 19th and 20th Centuries. Historical occurrences given by naturalists and scientific surveys conducted by biologists indicate their regular presence with particular preference for certain areas. Also, recent observations of opportunity resulted in the same kind of accounts. Between 1976 and 1978, a study on captured cetaceans along the Portuguese shore found at fish markets was conducted and resulted in a total count of 45 cetaceans. Most captures were of small cetaceans (87% common dolphins), even though four baleen whales were registered. These cetacean captures were part of a local non-industrial fishery, as they were not the main target, but rather opportunistic catches or even by-catches of other fisheries. Delphinids were not protected by law at the time and were caught with hand harpoons or accidentally drowned in fish nets, sometimes sold at major fish markets such as Sesimbra, Peniche and Póvoa de Varzim. In geographical areas where recent cetacean sightings are rare and information is sparse, such as Portugal, it becomes important to take advantage of alternative sources of data. Our contribution towards the compilation of relevant historical and ‘forgotten’ science such as old natural observations, whaling data and observations of opportunity stresses the relevance of using historical data to access past occurrence and distribution of cetaceans.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF THE «BLACK HUNDREDS» IN THE SOVIET HISTORICAL SCIENCE: RUNNING IN CIRCLES

2016 ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
G. A. Ivakin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Right

During the Soviet period, the right monarchism was considered by historians of our country as part of general methodological approaches to the study of non-proletarian parties. As ideological and political antagonist of Bolshevism, the Black Hundreds were interpreted as the most reactionary political movement of pre-revolutionary Russia. As a result, the full scientific debate on the right monarchism in the Soviet period did not take place, and Soviet historians failed to form a historical concept of the Black Hundreds as an ideological and political trend in the early twentieth century.

Steps of Perfection: Exorcist Performers and Chinese Religion in Twentieth-Century Taiwan. By Donald S. Sutton [Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Asia Center and Harvard University Press, 2003, xiii+418 pp. ISBN 0-674-01097-3.]

2004 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 831-833
Author(s):  
Yang Der-Ruey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Chinese Religion ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Ritual Dance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
Ethnographic History

This book is an “ethnographic history” of jiajiang (“Infernal Generals” as translated by the author), a peculiar type of ritual dance troupe that has long been an eye-catching feature of southern Taiwan's temple festivals and pilgrimages. Based on extensive ethnographic and historical data collected by Sutton in southern Taiwan between 1988 and 2001, the two main questions that he addresses in this book are framed squarely within the decades-long paradigmatic problematique of Sinology. The first question is “Why and how are the diverse forms of Chinese culture generated from a shared groundwork?” More precisely, in contrast to many attempts to discern a unitary “Chineseness” from extensive variations between local Chinese culture forms, the author aspires to examine how one single tradition in Chinese culture evolved into various local styles. The second question is “Why do local religions keep on thriving in Taiwan despite the fact that the island has modernized to become a world-known industrial economy?” Put differently, why and how does Taiwan's experience repudiate Max Weber's hypothesis on disenchantment?

The Glass Curtain

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-106
Author(s):  
Katharina Eisch-Angus
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Psychoanalytic Interpretation ◽  
The Impact

In an interdisciplinary workshop in the former Iron Curtain borderlands of the Czech Republic and Bavaria seven multi-national artists and one European ethnologist revealed the cultural dynamics of boundaries both by exploring an expressive landscape and memory field, and by experiencing cultural difference as reflected in the co-operation and creation processes within the group. By using ethnographic approaches to assist the process of developing and conceptualising artworks and self-reflexive, ethno-psychoanalytic interpretation, the project followed the impact of twentieth-century border frictions and violence into collective identities, but also the arbitrary character of borders. The results suggest how a multi-perspective, subjectively informed methodology of approaching space and spatially expressed memory could be developed both for ethnology and for art, bridging the supposed gap between 'artistic' and 'scientific' methods by combining their strengths in a complementary way.

Collective Identities

2019 ◽  
pp. 416-420
Author(s):  
Anton Sterbling
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Community Formation ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Social Entities

Collective identity is an abstract category which encompasses narrowly definable concepts such as group identity, cultural identity, or regional identity, and historically specific types of community formation and sociation such as clans, tribes, peoples, nations, or ethnic minorities, including socio-structural concepts such as social status and class as well as political parties and movements. A definition of the term collective identities includes every process of community formation and sociation that leads to clearly definable social entities, although communicative processes of self- and other-identification and corresponding attitudes appear to be of constitutive importance. The transformation of collective identities is considered in view of the ‘three waves of democratization’, and the socio-structural processes of ‘political exclusion’, ‘socio-cultural closures’, and ‘meritocratic-functional differentiation’. Currently massive migration processes are also connected with questions and symptoms of a crisis of collective identities. At the same time, issues of multiple identities gain more importance.

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