“A Page from the History of Marxism”: Gefter’s Edevours to Read Marx Anew

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-1) ◽  
pp. 11-34
Author(s):  
Svetlana Neretina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The purpose of this paper is to show how the thought and speech of people holding and defending directly opposite positions affect the change in the thought and speech of people of their own and subsequent generations, with different life orientations, and to find ways of this influence. The author describes the situation that arose at the end of the sixties of the twentieth century, known as the ideological dispersal of philosophical, historical and sociological trends that ran counter to the policy of the CPSU, which became especially fierce in the fight against opponents after the USSR’s invasion of Czechoslovakia in August, 1968. One of the results of such an ideological battle was the defeat of the sector of the methodology of history of the Institute of General History of the USSR Academy of Sciences, headed by M. Ya. Gefter, who published a series of books in which the so-called laws of historical development (formational approach) were questioned and the fundamental provisions of the classics of Marxism-Leninism were criticized. The subject of analysis is Gefter’s article “A Page from the History of Marxism in the Early 20th Century”, published in the book “Historical Science and Some Problems of the Modernity”, dedicated to the analysis of Lenin’s tactics and strategy development which changed the views of many, especially young, historians on the historical process, and most importantly - on the methods of seeking and expressing the truth. The differences were expressed primarily in the fact that the proponents and defenders of the Soviet regime, which was based on their own established norms of Marxism-Leninism, fearlessly used all means of pressure on unwanted opponents. Professionals, however, who tried to understand the true sense of the historical process, the sense of judgments about it, especially the sense of the revolutionary struggle against the autocracy, unfolding at the beginning of the twentieth century, were forced to use the Aesopian language, which also provoked a distortion of this sense in many ways: due to the nebulous and veiled expressions, which give the impression of theoretical blackmail, causing such consequences as speech irresponsibility.

scholarly journals Доклад И.С. Гурвича по этнографии Якутии в архиве Академии наук

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Mikhail Yu. Kiselev,
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Language Literature

The article provides information on the report by I.S. Gurvich “New Data on Ethnography of Northern Yakutia”, stored in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, presented at a meeting of the Institute of Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences on April 26, 1955. The report contains information about expeditions of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Yakut Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1953-1954. The expeditions aimed to study the composition of the population, life and culture of the peoples living in the basins of the Yana and Lower Lena rivers (Verkhoyansk, Ust-Yansky, Berizinsky, Zhigansky regions). As a result of a wide continuous ethnographic survey, it was possible not only to collect material for an ethnographic map of the northern regions of Yakutia and to further elaborate ethnic statistics for a number of regions, but also to identify areas of settlement of specific ethnic groups. The scientist managed to collect sufficient material to characterize the process of national consolidation, which was extremely intensive in the north of Yakutia. He noted that in reality the historical process in the North was still going on and had its own specificity, and "the task of Soviet historians and ethnographers is to reveal the essence of these processes, since there is still no connected history of the peoples of the North".

scholarly journals Actual tendencies of the methodology of the history of psychology in light of the philosophic and methodological problems of historiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-325
Author(s):  
Veronika Rafikova ◽  
◽  
Irina Mironenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Subject

The article examines the features of the development of the history of psychology in light of the general trends in the development of historiography. The characteristics of historical knowledge as a whole are discussed, debated, and the problematic points in the development of historical science are highlighted. Questions are raised concerning the relationship between the history of science, in particular, the history of psychology and history as a science in general. Based on the material of domestic and foreign sources on the history of the development of historical science, the main trends of history as a branch of scientific knowledge are provided, as well as its features in view of the influence of postmodern trends, such as criticism of the historicist approach, rejection of the idea of the direction of the historical process, actualization of the ideas of historical relativism and the problem of correlating historical fact and its representation, a consequence of the “linguistic turn”. It is shown that the development of the history of psychology mainly occurs in accordance with trends in the development of historical science. There is a turn in the understanding and conceptualization of historical experience and historical fact and there is an awareness of the need to revise the boundaries of the subject of study and the focus of research, a gradual rejection of positivist tendencies and revolution in relation to the text as historical material. The article highlights the specific features of the history of psychology as a result of its integration into psychological science and the characteristics of the scientific community of historians of psychology. Also, due to the analysis of the trends in the development of Russian psychological science, it is indicated that the general direction of the nearest development both for the historical and psychological sciences, and for the history of psychology, is the awareness of the need to conceptualize such a phenomenon as context. Also, despite the dominance of positivist tendencies in Russian psychology, expressed first of all in the desire to search for patterns of the historical process (in this case, the process of development of psychological scientific knowledge), shifts were noted in understanding the need to expand the subject of research and search for new philosophical and methodological grounds.

„Zurück zu Schleiermacher! und von Schleiermacher aus vorwärts!“

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent A. R. Hege
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Psychological Method ◽  
Dialectical Theology ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractAs dialectical theology rose to prominence in the years following World War I, the new theologians sought to distance themselves from liberalism in a number of ways, an important one being a rejection of Schleiermacher’s methods and conclusions. In reading the history of Weimar-era theology as it has been written in the twentieth century one would be forgiven for assuming that Schleiermacher found no defenders during this time, as liberal theology quietly faded into the twilight. However, a closer examination of this period reveals a different story. The last generation of liberal theologians consistently appealed to Schleiermacher for support and inspiration, perhaps none more so than Georg Wobbermin, whom B. A. Gerrish has called a “captain of the liberal rearguard.” Wobbermin sought to construct a religio-psychological method on the basis of Schleiermacher’s definition of religion and on his “Copernican turn” toward the subject and resolutely defended such a method against the new dialectical theology long after liberal theology’s supposed demise. A consideration of Wobbermin’s appeals to Schleiermacher in his defense of the liberal program reveals a more complex picture of the state of theology in the Weimar period and of Schleiermacher’s legacy in German Protestant thought.

XXIII. On the water-barometer erected in the hall of the Royal Society

1832 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 539-574 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metallic Tube ◽  
French Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Made In

I have for some time entertained an opinion, in common with some others who have turned their attention tot he subject, that a good series of observations with a Water-Barometer, accurately constructed, might throw some light upon several important points of physical science: amongst others, upon the tides of the atmosphere; the horary oscillations of the counterpoising column; the ascending and descending rate of its greater oscillations; and the tension of vapour at different atmospheric temperatures. I have sought in vain in various scientific works, and in the Transactions of Philosophical Societies, for the record of any such observations, or for a description of an instrument calculated to afford the required information with anything approaching to precision. In the first volume of the History of the French Academy of Sciences, a cursory reference is made, in the following words, to some experiments of M. Mariotte upon the subject, of which no particulars appear to have been preserved. “Le même M. Mariotte fit aussi à l’observatoire des experiences sur le baromètre ordinaire à mercure comparé au baromètre à eau. Dans l’un le mercure s’eléva à 28 polices, et dans Fautre l’eau fut a 31 pieds Cequi donne le rapport du mercure à l’eau de 13½ à 1.” Histoire de I'Acadérmie, tom. i. p. 234. It also appears that Otto Guricke constructed a philosophical toy for the amusement of himself and friends, upon the principle of the water-barometer; but the column of water probably in this, as in all the other instances which I have met with, was raised by the imperfect rarefaction of the air in the tube above it, or by filling with water a metallic tube, of sufficient length, cemented to a glass one at its upper extremity, and fitted with a stop-cock at each end; so that when full the upper one might be closed and the lower opened, when the water would fall till it afforded an equipoise to the pressure of the atmo­sphere. The imperfections of such an instrument, it is quite clear, would render it totally unfit for the delicate investigations required in the present state of science; as, to render the observations of any value, it is absolutely necessary that the water should be thoroughly purged of air, by boiling, and its insinuation or reabsorption effectually guarded against. I was convinced that the only chance of securing these two necessary ends, was to form the whole length of tube of one piece of glass, and to boil the water in it, as is done with mercury in the common barometer. The practical difficulties which opposed themselves to such a construction long appeared to me insurmount­able; but I at length contrived a plan for the purpose, which, having been honoured with the approval of the late Meteorological Committee of this Society, was ordered to be carried into execution by the President and Council.

MUSEUM OF ARCHEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE IEI UFRC RAS: CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
R.M. MUKHAMETZYANOVA-DUGGAL ◽  
◽  
D.A. KAMALETDINOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the research is the experience of creating and functioning of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research of the UFRC RAS (MAE IEI UFRC RAS), which is an integral part of the academic museum network formed in the second half of the twentieth century. For a long time, the museum has been exhibiting objects that demonstrate the results of archaeological and ethnographic research in the field of studying the history and culture of the peoples of the Southern Urals. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the creation of the museum, to consider its development to date; to analyze the main directions of work and the results of museum activities, as well as to determine the specifics and prospects for the development of museum activities of the IEI of the UFRC RAS. In the course of the research, the names of scientists and specialists who participated in the formation of collections are named, information about the acquisition of museum funds and state accounting of objects is provided, the features of exposition activity are highlighted, the most interesting exhibitions and current work in this direction are noted, the implementation of excursion activities is shown, the results of project work are highlighted and the most significant projects are described. Attention is also paid to the results of research activities based on archaeological and ethnographic funds, since this work makes a significant contribution to the development of historical science.

scholarly journals Lviv as the cradle of Polish independence organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-545
Author(s):  
Janusz Zuziak
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The Past ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Lviv occupies a special place in the history of Poland. With its heroic history, it has earned the exceptionally honorable name of a city that has always been faithful to the homeland. SEMPER FIDELIS – always faithful. Marshal Józef Piłsudski sealed that title while decorating the city with the Order of Virtuti Militari in 1920. The past of Lviv, the always smoldering and uncompromising Polish revolutionist spirit, the climate, and the atmosphere that prevailed in it created the right conditions for making it the center of thought and independence movement in the early 20th century. In the early twentieth century, Polish independence organizations of various political orientations were established, from the ranks of which came legions of prominent Polish politicians and military and social activists.

scholarly journals From political and intellectual biography of the Yakut emigrant Asklefeodot Afanasyevich Ryazansky (1898-1968)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Pavel Olegovich Savvinov
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
World History ◽  
Intellectual Biography ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mental Characteristics

The subject of this research, dedicated to mental characteristics of the world of Yakut emigration of 1917 – 1940, is the history of Yakut emigration on the example of life of the active participant in the anti-Bolshevik movement in the northeast of Russia, who fought for the alternative path of development in the XX century and the Yakut emigrant Asklefeodot Afanasyevich Ryazansky (1898 – 1968). The object of this research is the history of Russian emigration. Historical-biographical method is applies in the course of this work. The article analyzes the adaptation of the Yakut emigrant in the context of impact of external factors in China and Australia, as well as his political views. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that the topic of Yakut emigration and “Yakut world” did not receive due coverage within the Russian historical science, although it is an important scientific problem that requires comprehensive examination on the background of Revolution of 1917 and Russian Civil war in the context of world history. The conclusion is made that along with majority of Russian emigrants of the first wave, A. A Ryazansky struggled for survival in the new conditions abroad and was able to adjust to foreign cultural environment, having become a prominent journalist in China, and later the owner of marine company in Australia. Ryazansky saw the future of his homeland (Russia) as a democratic federative state with guaranteed preservation of ethnocultural identity of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia with the possibility of receiving education.

scholarly journals Correspondence of S.F. Platonov and M.M. Bogoslovsky

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Melnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Science In Russia ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is devoted to the source features of a unique documentary complex – the correspondence of two major Russian historians S.F. Platonov (1860–1933) and M.M. Bogoslovsky (1867–1929). The epistolary dialogue of scientists is of considerable interest not only in terms of studying their life and work. The confidential correspondence reflects significant events in the scientific and social life of Russia, Moscow, Petersburg-Petrograd-Leningrad. Correspondence is a valuable historical and historiographic source not only for understanding the development of historical science in Russia, the formation of Moscow and St. Petersburg historical schools, but also for studying the public consciousness of the Russian humanitarian intelligentsia at the end of the 19th — first third of the 20th centuries, in-depth knowledge of the culture of a turning point in the history of Russia. The letters contain valuable information about the everyday life and life of the professors, the organization of scientific life at the Academy of Sciences, the Archaeographic commission, at Moscow university and the Moscow theological academy, at the Moscow higher courses for women, at the Institute of history of the RANION, the Historical Museum, other higher educational institutions and scientific societies two capitals, they reflect the international ties of domestic historical science with scientists from Great Britain, Germany, France, USA, Czech Republic.

TO THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF IPREK SB RAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-115
Author(s):  
A. P. Ptitsyn ◽  
◽  
O. V. Korsun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ussr Academy ◽  
40Th Anniversary ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Siberian Branch ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is devoted to the 40th anniversary of IPREK SB RAS. The history of the institute’s creation and tasks set for it by the Presidium of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences are briefly described. Modern research directions are reflected in reports of the anniversary conference held in August-September 2021. The most striking results of world significance are presented, as well as the geography of applied environmental works performed in the Trans-Baikal Territory. The list of advanced research directions included in the plans of the Institute is given.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document