MUSEUM OF ARCHEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE IEI UFRC RAS: CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
R.M. MUKHAMETZYANOVA-DUGGAL ◽  
◽  
D.A. KAMALETDINOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the research is the experience of creating and functioning of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research of the UFRC RAS (MAE IEI UFRC RAS), which is an integral part of the academic museum network formed in the second half of the twentieth century. For a long time, the museum has been exhibiting objects that demonstrate the results of archaeological and ethnographic research in the field of studying the history and culture of the peoples of the Southern Urals. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the creation of the museum, to consider its development to date; to analyze the main directions of work and the results of museum activities, as well as to determine the specifics and prospects for the development of museum activities of the IEI of the UFRC RAS. In the course of the research, the names of scientists and specialists who participated in the formation of collections are named, information about the acquisition of museum funds and state accounting of objects is provided, the features of exposition activity are highlighted, the most interesting exhibitions and current work in this direction are noted, the implementation of excursion activities is shown, the results of project work are highlighted and the most significant projects are described. Attention is also paid to the results of research activities based on archaeological and ethnographic funds, since this work makes a significant contribution to the development of historical science.

ORTHODOX COLLECTIONS IN THE FUNDS OF THE MUSEUM OF ARCHEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE IEI UFRC RAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
R.M. MUKHAMETZYANOVA-DUGGAL ◽  
◽  
D.A. EFIMOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article analyzes the quantitative and qualitative composition of the collection of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Research of the UFRC RAS (MAE IEI UFRC RAS) related to Orthodoxy. It is noted that these items were collected as a result of ethnographic expeditions, donations and purchases, are stored and studied for a long time. The article provides information about the history of the appearance, methods of use, as well as what these objects carried and carry meaning in the religious life of the peoples of Bashkortostan. The conclusion is formulated, according to which, the objects of religious cults from the collection of the MAE are mainly represented by material and pictorial documents. Pictorial sources include icons depicting St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Tabyn Mother of God, especially revered in the Southern Urals, saints and sculptural images of the crucifixions of Christ. The material or material sources include crosses (body, altar), items of church utensils, vestments of priests, etc. In general, the objects of religious cults of the peoples of the Southern Urals are a kind of document, evidence reflecting the historical past of the region. The introduction of museum sources into scientific circulation, their comprehensive study will significantly expand and supplement the source base of research. At the same time, the development of the main problems of preservation, use and interpretation of these sources should become the subject of independent scientific research, which can make a significant contribution to the understanding of the cultural heritage of the Southern Urals, Bashkortostan in particular.

“A Page from the History of Marxism”: Gefter’s Edevours to Read Marx Anew

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-1) ◽  
pp. 11-34
Author(s):  
Svetlana Neretina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The purpose of this paper is to show how the thought and speech of people holding and defending directly opposite positions affect the change in the thought and speech of people of their own and subsequent generations, with different life orientations, and to find ways of this influence. The author describes the situation that arose at the end of the sixties of the twentieth century, known as the ideological dispersal of philosophical, historical and sociological trends that ran counter to the policy of the CPSU, which became especially fierce in the fight against opponents after the USSR’s invasion of Czechoslovakia in August, 1968. One of the results of such an ideological battle was the defeat of the sector of the methodology of history of the Institute of General History of the USSR Academy of Sciences, headed by M. Ya. Gefter, who published a series of books in which the so-called laws of historical development (formational approach) were questioned and the fundamental provisions of the classics of Marxism-Leninism were criticized. The subject of analysis is Gefter’s article “A Page from the History of Marxism in the Early 20th Century”, published in the book “Historical Science and Some Problems of the Modernity”, dedicated to the analysis of Lenin’s tactics and strategy development which changed the views of many, especially young, historians on the historical process, and most importantly - on the methods of seeking and expressing the truth. The differences were expressed primarily in the fact that the proponents and defenders of the Soviet regime, which was based on their own established norms of Marxism-Leninism, fearlessly used all means of pressure on unwanted opponents. Professionals, however, who tried to understand the true sense of the historical process, the sense of judgments about it, especially the sense of the revolutionary struggle against the autocracy, unfolding at the beginning of the twentieth century, were forced to use the Aesopian language, which also provoked a distortion of this sense in many ways: due to the nebulous and veiled expressions, which give the impression of theoretical blackmail, causing such consequences as speech irresponsibility.

scholarly journals Niepełnosprawność w historii sztuki oraz anty-ableizm sztuki współczesnej

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Stawowy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Social Involvement ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject

The subject of illness and disability has been explored by artists for a long time. Depending on the era, it was presented in different ways. Twentieth-century social movements, interested in emancipating otherness, shed new light on the perception of the human body and its causative capabilities. Currently, the artist is more a commentator of reality than its passive observer and disability is one of the most important subjects of art. The exclusion, which used to involve disabled people, seems to be passing nowadays, however the problem of ableism still exists. Contemporary artists refer to it in their works trying to face harmful stereotypes. The purpose of this article is to look at disability through the eyes of artists, to find its representations in works of art and to trace how the perception of the disabled body has changed, based on the aesthetics and canon of a given age – from the perfect body of antique to the social involvement of contemporary art.

Tools for Describing the Communicative Space of Scientific Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-530
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Gushul
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Academic Advisor ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Scientific Schools

To manage research activities, it is necessary to develop up-to-date tools that allow to quickly and efficiently assess the effectiveness of the scientific space functioning. Contradictions between the new industry of scientific communication and traditional forms of preserving and multiplying intellectual capital have become more acute, new points of interaction between the institutional structures of science (scientific schools, “invisible colleges”, expert and experimental (real and virtual) laboratories, etc.) have appeared. The concepts of the cultural codes of representation and translation of the subjects (individual and collective) of scientific communication have changed, and there is a need to update the requirements for the culture of their identification and positioning in the age of digital technologies. A scientific school is a multi-purpose collective that simultaneously implements the functions of production, dissemination, protection of scientific knowledge and reproduction of scientists. The cultural traditions of its functioning, as well as the cultural norms of institutionalization, are being transformed.On the material of bibliographic description of the genesis and development of the cultural studies school of the Southern Urals (centered in the Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture), the article shows opportunities for scientometric and informational analyses. The author offers to discuss and use two bibliographic publications (the catalog of the scientific school and the bibliographic navigator, which include information about research topics, successful scholars, scientific leaders, postgraduate students and applicants, opponents, leading organizations of the communicative field of cultural studies of the Southern Urals), as well as cultural researchers’ landmark publications, innovatively identified by the method of introspection. The publications are reviewed as tools in the system of cultural studies of the scientific school positioning.The article draws conclusions based on the study and comparison of the configurations of connections between persons (academic advisor, postgraduate student, opponent), leading organizations and scientific leaders and their geolocation, subject headings: “applicant — academic advisor — opponent”, “subject heading/topic — leading organization — opponent, specialty number”, etc. These connections are individual for the related concepts: “management — coordination”, “interpretation of a communicative challenge — adequacy of a communicative response”, “practical meaning — purpose of communication”. These areas of analysis of the scientific school functioning provide a vision of the scientific interaction communicative fields’ intersection, the increment and examination of scientific knowledge, the basis for making managerial decisions to organize science.

scholarly journals Bashkortostan in the Life of Tatyana Troitskaya: New Additions to Her Biography and Scientific Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Albert T. Akhatov
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic

Purpose. The publication is dedicated to the famous teacher and scientist-archeologist Tatyana Nikolaevna Troitskaya (1925–2018). The purpose of this work is to supplement her biography with information relating to lesser-known periods of her life and work in the Bashkortostan Republic following on from unpublished archival documents and memoirs of T. N. Troitskaya. Results. Analysis of the available sources and literature made it possible to study the time and circumstances of Tatyana Nikolaevna’s stay in the Republic of Bashkortostan. In 1941, it was the first time she was in Birsk, where she was evacuated to with her family after the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. There T. N. Troitskaya finished school and was accepted into the Birsk Pedagogical Institute, where she studied for a year and a half before re-evacuation in 1943. The second time she came to Ufa was in 1955 when she was sent to the Institute of History, Language and Literature, where she worked until 1956. T. N. Troitskaya’s research activities coincided with the beginning of systematic archaeological research in the region, making her involved in the formation of academic archaeological science in the Bashkortostan Republic. In 1955, Tatyana Nikolaevna took part in the excavations carried out by the Bashkir archaeological expedition on the territory of the Gafuri region of the Bashkortostan Republic. In the course of fieldwork, several monuments of the Kara-Abyz culture were studied there, one of which, the Mikhailovskoye settlement, was studied under the guidance of T. N. Troitskaya. The materials and results of excavations of this monument are still used by scientists studying cultural genesis and ethnic processes in the Southern Urals and in the Urals in the early Iron Age. Conclusion. Despite the fact that T. N. Troitskaya lived in Bashkortostan for a short period of her life, this time as a whole was of great importance for her life experience. Tatyana Nikolaevna herself later recalled that it was in Birsk that she realized herself as a future teacher, and in Ufa she came to understand the priority for her teaching activity over research.

scholarly journals MICROBIAL COMMUNITY OF THE ASKINSKAYA CAVE

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
A.S. Ryabova ◽  
◽  
L.Y. Kuzmina ◽  
N.F. Galimzyanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Cladosporium Herbarum ◽  
Yeast Fungi ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Geomyces Pannorum

The cave Askinskaya (Askynskaya, Ledyanaya) contains the largest perennial hydrogenic ice in the territory of the Southern Urals. It is shown that the soil and horizontal hydrogenic ice are the main reservoirs for storing microorganisms in the cave, and the microbial pool is replenished mainly due to recreational load, but natural ways – rain, melt water and air from the surface also make a certain contribution. From all the ecotopes of the cave (soil, water occurrences, rock surfaces and aerial environment), 72 species of microscopic fungi (D – 0.69), sterile forms and yeast were isolated. Yeast fungi and species of Geomyces pannorum (d – 0.83), Acremonium charticola, Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium aurantiuogriseum were found in all ecological niches with a high frequency of abundance / occurrence. The greatest variety of microscopic fungi is observed in the air (57 species), most species are introduced from the surface, settle on walls, ice, soil and, due to low temperatures, retain their viability in the cavity for a long time.

scholarly journals Theatre activity in the southern Urals at the initial period of the thaw

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Irina Pavlovna Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
The Political ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
Personality Cult ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Subject

The paper deals with the problems of theatre activity development in the southern Urals at the initial period of the thaw. The research objective is to define what changes happened in the theatre activity in the Southern Urals after Stalins repressions in 1953-1964. For the research the author used periodicals, archival documents, books about the theater. The research has shown that after Stalins personality cult exposure there were big theater changes in the southern Urals. People became more interested in the theatre. It was in Bashkiria where the theater developed greatly. The paper examines the creative activity of theatres in the southern Urals, Orenburg Region and Bashkortostan, reveals specific features and problems in the functioning of the studied institutions in the era of the thaw, studies repertoire policy of theaters. The repertoire updated and new theaters opened. Actors and directors found new forms of art self-expression. Drama art stops being the weapon of the political propaganda. The author has no opportunity to carry out a comparative analysis of this research with other researches as the subject has not been investigated by anybody yet.

scholarly journals Possible pathways for the formation of flora and macromycetes of floodplain forests of the Ural River within Western Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
S.A. Abiev ◽  
◽  
T.E. Darbayeva ◽  
A.N. Sarsenova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Floodplain Forests ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Modern Distribution ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
Long Time

The article deals with the historical reconstruction of flora and macromycetes of the floodplain forests of the Ural River. The length of the entire river is 2428 km, over 1000 km in Western Kazakhstan. Floodplain forests are developed in three genetic parts: riverbed, central and near-terrace. Primary and derivative forests are distinguished according to the forest structure. The leading factor in the formation of the Ural River valley is geology and relief, in connection with which 4 natural regions have been identified for their floristic (630 plant species) and mycological diversity (77 macromycetes species). The course of evolution and transformation of the floromycological composition of forest communities is analyzed according to the composition of historical formations. In the studied region, 13 suites were identified in the understanding of G.M. Zozulin, among them, 6 suites that stand out well in modern floodplain forests are considered in more detail. When establishing the formations, the character of the modern distribution of species, there was considered their cenotic confinement, genetic relationships of individual species, the rhythm of development, and the vitality of species in the community. The process of the formation of the floromycological complex of floodplain forests is based on relict and migratory elements, enriched, and settled from the Southern Urals, as well as from the valley of the left tributaries of the Volga and Common Syrt. The formation of which took a long time from the Miocene to the Holocene.

Methods for Ensuring High Quality of Coding of Cause of Death

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (04) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Startsev ◽  
P. Dimov ◽  
B. Grosche ◽  
F. Tretyakov ◽  
J. Schüz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Automatic Coding ◽  
The Impact

Summary Background: To follow up populations exposed to several radiation accidents in the Southern Urals, a cause-of-death registry was established at the Urals Center capturing deaths in the Chelyabinsk, Kurgan and Sverdlovsk region since 1950. Objectives: When registering deaths over such a long time period, quality measures need to be in place to maintain quality and reduce the impact of individual coders as well as quality changes in death certificates. Methods: To ensure the uniformity of coding, a method for semi-automatic coding was developed, which is described here. Briefly, the method is based on a dynamic thesaurus, database-supported coding and parallel coding by two different individuals. Results: A comparison of the proposed method for organizing the coding process with the common procedure of coding showed good agreement, with, at the end of the coding process, 70 – 90% agreement for the three-digit ICD -9 rubrics. Conclusions: The semi-automatic method ensures a sufficiently high quality of coding by at the same time providing an opportunity to reduce the labor intensity inherent in the creation of large-volume cause-of-death registries.

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