‘Disguised slavery’: debt peonage in Chiapas, 1876–1914

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Washbrook
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Local Politicians ◽  
Legislative Proposals ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Domestic Servitude ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Debt Peonage

This chapter analyzes the institution of debt peonage in Chiapas during the Porfiriato. The first section examines Porfirian debates regarding the relationship between debt peonage, slavery, and market development in Chiapas. The second section addresses the economics and economic rationality of debt peonage. The third section focuses on the legal foundations of rural peonage and domestic servitude in the state. The fourth section tackles the issue of coercion and consent and the ‘popular legitimacy’ of debt peonage. The final section looks at the issue of debt peonage in Chiapas after the resignation of President Díaz, comparing the legislative proposals of local politicians with those of the Constitutionalists who descended on the state in 1914, and underlining the significance of the institution during the years of Mexico's armed Revolution (1910–20).

Prologue

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Michael A. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The State ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
City State ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This prologue provides an overview of the history of early and medieval West Africa. During this period, the rise of Islam, the relationship of women to political power, the growth and influence of the domestically enslaved, and the invention and evolution of empire were all unfolding. In contrast to notions of an early Africa timeless and unchanging in its social and cultural categories and conventions, here was a western Savannah and Sahel that from the third/ninth through the tenth/sixteenth centuries witnessed political innovation as well as the evolution of such mutually constitutive categories as race, slavery, ethnicity, caste, and gendered notions of power. By the period's end, these categories assume significations not unlike their more contemporary connotations. All of these transformations were engaged with the apparatus of the state and its progression from the city-state to the empire. The transition consistently featured minimalist notions of governance replicated by successive dynasties, providing a continuity of structure as a mechanism of legitimization. Replication had its limits, however, and would ultimately prove inadequate in addressing unforeseen challenges.

Levitsky and Way and Competitive Authoritarianism: Leverage, Linkage and Organisational Power

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N.C. Hill
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Regime Transition ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Competitive Authoritarianism ◽  
The Third

This chapter charts and explains Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way’s celebrated model for explaining regime transition. It is divided into four sections. The first provides an overview of the dimensions of leverage, linkage and organisational power focusing, in particular, on the inter-play between them; how the strength of one renders the others more or less important. The second section examines the dimension of leverage – the principal ways in which it is exercised and how it is quantified – and defines a Black Knight patron (what a state or regime must do to qualify as one). The third section examines the dimension of linkage; the main forms it takes and how its strength is measured and categorised. And the fourth section examines organisational power; the state and other structures on which it is based.

Concluding Remarks to Part 3

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Preminger
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Sphere ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 15 summarizes the chapters which addressed the third sphere, the relationship of labor to the political community. It reiterates that since Israel was established, the labor market’s borders have become ever more porous, while the borders of the national (Jewish) political community have remained firm: the Jewish nationalism which guides government policy is as strong as ever. NGOs, drawing on a discourse of human rights, are able to assist some non-citizens but this discourse also resonates with the idea of individual responsibility: the State is no longer willing to support “non-productive” populations, who are now being shoehorned into a labor market which offers few opportunities for meaningful employment, and is saturated by cheaper labor intentionally imported by the State in response to powerful employer lobbies. These trends suggest a partial reorientation of organized labor’s “battlefront”, from a face-off with capital to an appeal to the public and state.

Legal Form

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Zoe Adams
Keyword(s):  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

The chapter builds on the analysis in Chapter 1 with a view to exploring the nature of law and its relationship with capitalist society in more detail. The previous chapter used an analysis of capitalism’s deep structures to explore the nature of law’s role(s) in capitalism, engaging with the various legal ‘functions’ that capitalism presupposes. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the implications of this understanding of law’s role (or function) when it comes to understanding law’s form. The first section begins by developing a theory of the legal form by engaging with the work of Evgeny Pashukanis. The second section teases out the implications of this analysis for our understanding of the relationship between the legal form and capitalism’s contradictions. The third section draws on this analysis to shed light on the relationship between legal form and content. The fourth section makes some tentative conclusions about the implications of this analysis for our understanding of labour law.

Comparative Law and Religion

2006 ◽  
pp. 738-752
Author(s):  
Harold J. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Law ◽  
World Religion ◽  
Religious Influence ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Diverse Families ◽  
The Third ◽  
Religious Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the link between comparative law and religion. The first section examines the scholarly literature on interrelationships of comparative law and religion, which is skimpy, to say the least. The second section examines religious influence on diverse families of law. The third section looks at the impact of civil religions on law. The fourth section discusses religious dimensions of law. The fifth section considers the relationship between world law and world religion.

scholarly journals “Migration and Violence: Lessons from Colombia for the Americas” A workshop of the Transatlantic Forum on Migration and Integration and the Refugee Research Network (TFMI)

Refuge ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Salcedo
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

The conference, “Migration and Violence: Lessons from Colombia to the Americas” was held in Bogotá D.C., Colombia at the Pontifi cia Universidad Javeriana on June 29, 2012. The main objective of the conference was to develop inter-disciplinary academic research in Central America and Mexico regarding the relationship between violence, particularly narco-violence, and migration. The setting in Bogotá D.C. was deliberate as the participants discussed how lessons learned from Colombia’s experience with narco-induced migration could be leveraged for the benefit of Central America and Mexico. With the participation of experts on international migration, government representatives, academics, and civil society, the conference highlighted research results and relevant intervention experience concerning this problem in Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico.This article presents an analysis of the presentations given and the discussions held at the conference. It consists of four parts. The first section compares the similarities and differences regarding migration and violence in Colombia and El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico. The second section presents the major epistemological challenges emerging from research and models of intervention. The third section presents the implications of the epistemological challenges and their impact on public policy. The fourth section concludes with principal lessons from Colombia for research and intervention in the problem of violence and migration.

Civil Society and Philanthropy in Africa: Parallels, Paradoxes and Promise

2021 ◽  
pp. 089976402110574
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Obadare ◽  
Kelly Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Sector ◽  
The Relationship

Civil society and philanthropy in Africa are regularly theorized in formal terms and oft perceived as inherently democratizing forces. Yet, existing evidence exposes the limitations of these assumptions. This article provides an introduction to the symposium issue on civil society and philanthropy in Africa. The objective of the introduction, and the articles contained in the symposium, is to examine important questions related to civil society and philanthropy on the continent: What is the complex history and role of civil society and philanthropy in Africa? How have donor dependence and professionalization affected the effectiveness of the third sector? What are the contours of the relationship between the state and civil society? We ask these crucial questions in an attempt to provide a more nuanced and contextualized understanding of civil society and philanthropy on the continent.

History, Identity, and the Present

2020 ◽  
pp. 251-290
Author(s):  
Donald Bloxham
Keyword(s):  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conceptual Difficulty ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Past Action ◽  
Present Part ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

part 4 History, Identity, and the Present Part 4 considers the role of historical consciousness in shaping present-day identity. It is critical of prejudicial ‘Identity History’ while enjoining historians to embrace their roles in historical arguments pertaining to identity. The first section clarifies what falls outside the definition of ‘Identity History’, noting that much excellent scholarship pertains to identity and even serves identity goals without being prejudicial. The second section highlights where historians working on identity matters are likely to fall into conceptual difficulty. Is the relationship between past ‘them’ and present ‘us’ a matter of identity or difference or a bit of both? Identity History is inconsistent here, with different attitudes taken depending on whether that past behaviour was good or bad by present lights. There are consequences for the historian’s engagement with past rights and wrongs, harms and benefits, because claims on these matters constitute stakes in the identity game whose winner gets to decide what is desirable in the here and now. The third section develops such themes and distinguishes between more and less appropriate idioms for characterizing the relationship between contemporary polities and groups on one hand and the deeds of relevant ‘forebears’ on the other hand. It is a mistake to talk of contemporary guilt, or for that matter virtue, in light of what one’s predecessors did, but the language of shame or pride may be appropriate. The fourth section addresses the material legacies of past action, considering matters of compensation and redistribution. The concluding section returns to broader principles.

Proctorial Representation in the House of Lords during the Reign of Edward VI

1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon F. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Satisfactory Treatment ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This is the third in a series of studies dealing with the history of the proxy system in the House of Lords. The first, after tracing the origin of proxies to the Roman law of agency, dealt with the emergence and spread of representation by proctors in the ecclesiastical and political assemblies of medieval England. The second study demonstrated how the proxy system was perfected in the upper house during the reign of Henry VIII and how the Crown benefited from that system. The ensuing article concerns proctorial representation during the crucial years of the Edwardian Reformation. Because of the brief period under consideration — only six years — it seemed best to cast the study in an analytical rather than a chronological framework. The first section deals with the general characteristics of proctorial representation in mid-Tudor times; the second and third sections cover the spiritual and temporal lords, respectively; and the fourth section treats the relationship between the proxy system and conciliar government.IKnowledge of the proxy system in the mid-sixteenth-century House of Lords remains somewhat fragmentary and limited in scope. A satisfactory treatment of the subject does not exist. Constitutional and legal historians have paid little attention to proxies and less to the procedure governing their use in the upper house. As one might expect, Bishop Stubbs dealt with proxies in medieval Parliaments and correctly associated them with parliamentary privileges, but at the same time he concluded that “its history has not yet been minutely traced.

scholarly journals ESCAVAÇÃO NA ÁREA ARQUEOLÓGICA DO SERIDÓ: O Sítio Furna do Umbuzeiro, Carnaúba dos Dantas, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Adriano Campelo ◽  
Diógenes Santos Saldanha ◽  
Fabio Mafra ◽  
Gabriela Martin ◽  
Henrique Roque Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Relationship

Este artigo descreve as intervenções arqueológicas realizadas na terceira escavação do sítio Furna do Umbuzeiro no ano de 2016. A relação entre o estado e a distribuição espacial das estruturas de combustão e dos remanescentes ósseos humanos e não humanos pode ser um indício da prática de canibalismo.EXCAVATION ON AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREA OF SERIDÓ: Furna do Umbuzeiro Site, Carnaúba dos Dantas, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil ABSTRACTThis article describes the archaeological interventions carried out in the third excavation of the Furna do Umbuzeiro site in 2016. The relationship between the state and the spatial distribution of combustion structures and human and nonhuman bone remnants may be an indication of the practice of cannibalism.Keywords: Furna do Umbuzeiro; Archaeological interventions; Carnaúba dos Dantas

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