Acute toxicity and histological changes in gills, liver and kidney of catfish, Heterobranchus bidorsalis exposed to cypermethrin concentration

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
OLUFAYO, M. O
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Effects of Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos (EC 50%) and Associated Histological Alterations in Gills, Liver and Kidney of Mozambique Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jayakumar ◽  
A. Subburaj ◽  
P. Jawahar ◽  
A. Srinivasan ◽  
B. Ahilan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Mozambique Tilapia ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background: The pesticides are known to adversely affect the quality of water and create hazards for aquatic life that results in severe damage to non-target freshwater organisms including fish. Among them, the organophosphorus pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most commonly used pesticides for controlling various kinds of pests in agriculture. Pesticides after entering in to the body of fish bring about histopathological and biochemical changes in different target and non-target organs. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the toxicity effects of Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and associated histopathological changes in the gill, liver and kidney of the Mozambique Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus under the acute toxicity concentrations. Methods: Static bioassay was carried out for Chlorpyrifos with Oreochromis mossambicus as test animal for a period of 96 hrs as per standard methods and LC50 values were calculated through Probit analysis. The fishes were exposed to five acute concentrations (0.033, 0.066, 0.132, 0.264 and 0.528 ppb). The gill, liver and kidney tissues were collected from the fishes exposed to the pesticide and standard histology protocol was followed to investigate the histopathological changes. Result: The histological changes observed in the gill included lamellar aneurysm, curling of secondary lamellae, shortening of the secondary lamellae, hypertrophy of epithelial cell, fusion of secondary lamellae, deformation of the cartilage core, blood congestion, collapsed secondary lamellae, excessive mucus secretion, disorganization of the secondary lamellae, haemorrhage at primary lamellae, necrosis, haemorrhage at secondary lamellae. The most common histopathological changes in the liver were characterized by cellular necrosis, degeneration of hepatocytes, nuclear degeneration, fat deposition, rupture of nucleus, hypertrophied hepatocytes, blood congestion, blood sinusoids, cellular hypertrophy, increased pycnotic nucleus, cirrhosis and hemosiderosis. Further, histological changes like appearance of dilated lumen, hypertrophied epithelial cells, severe haemorrhage, blood congestion, melanomacrophage aggregation, narrowing of lumen, degenerated tubule, degenerated glomerulus, shrunken glomerulus and distended glomerulus were observed in the kidney. Thus, it is evident from the present study that Chlorpyrifos can be a potential toxicant affecting the fishes at tissue level on dose and time dependent manner which are expected to affect the other physiological processes in the long run.

scholarly journals Effect of saponin on mortality and histopathological changes in mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 345-351
Author(s):  
F. H. Diwan ◽  
I. A. Abdel Hassan ◽  
S. T. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Histopathological Effects

We evaluated the acute toxicity and histopathological effects of saponin [extracted from the plant Citrullus colocynthis] on mice in order to assess its safety. The median lethal dose [LD50]of the saponin was 200 mg/kg. The histological changes were confined to the small intestine, liver and kidney, whereas the stomach, large intestine and heart appeared normal. The changes in the small intestine included haemorrhage and erosion of the mucosa. In addition, hepatorenal damage resulted from necrosis of liver cells and renal tubules

Toxic effects of sub lethal concentration of dioctyl phthalate on the histology of liver of Clarias batrachus (Linn.).

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (09) ◽  
pp. 4874
Author(s):  
Manisha Satpathi* ◽  
Ravinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Toxicity Effects ◽  
Plastic Products

Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) commonly used as plasticizer enters into aquatic environment from the industries manufacturing plastic products, PVC resins, cosmetics and many other commercial products. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of Dioctyl phthalate on fresh water fish Clarias batrachus. The 96 hour LC50 of Dioctyl phthalate in Clarias batrachus was estimated as 14.5ml/L. Histopathological changes in liver of Clarias batrachus were determined by exposing them to a fraction of LC50(1/5th) dose with every change of water for 30 days.The liver of Clarias batrachus was excised at every interval of 30 days and histological changes of liver were studied under light microscopy. Liver tissues showed abnormalities. Centrilobular vacuolation, necrosis, eccentric nuclei and enlarged nuclei, Centrilobular degeneration of hepatocytes were observed in liver tissue of fish.

scholarly journals Ketoksikan Akut dari Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropa curcas) pada Mencit Jantan Galur Balb/C

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Hanif Nasiatul Baroroh ◽  
Eka Prasasti Nur Rachmani
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Animal Test ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Single Dosage ◽  
Histopathology Examination ◽  
Lung And Kidney

The acute toxicity of Jatropa curcas leaves on Balb/C male mice was studied in rats. This research aimed to determine acute toxicity, evaluate spectrum of toxic effect and mechanism that caused the death of animal test after administration of ethanolic extract of J. curcas leaves, single dosage orally on 24 hours observation. The research used male mice, which are divided into 5 groups. Group I was negative control with CMC-Na. Group II, III, IV, and V were given extract with dose of 1400 mg/kgBW, 2240 mg/kgBW, 3584 mg/kgBW and 5734 mg/kgBW, respectively. Evaluation of the toxic symptoms and death of animal test was done for 24 hours. If the animal test was died before 24 hours then it underwent surgery to take the heart, liver, lung, and kidney. In the end of the evaluation, all mice were killed to take the vital organs for histopathologic examination. No mortality was observed during study. The test resulted LD50 of ethanolic extract from J. curcas leaves using Balb/C male mice was 5734 mg/kg of BW. It was categorized as practically not toxic. Administration of the extract did not cause alterations of animal behaviours. Histopathology examination shows inflammation in lung, liver, and kidney after administration of the extract.

scholarly journals Arsenic induced genotoxic and histopathological changes in male Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
Animesh K. Mohapatra ◽  
Deepika Rai ◽  
Anika Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuolization ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Albino Mice

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of arsenic trioxide on the DNA and histomorphology of testis, liver and kidney of Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus. Oral administration of arsenic trioxide induced DNA damage in the testis, liver and kidney marked by light pink staining of nuclei after Feulgen’s reaction with reduced fine chromatin. Simultaneously severe histological changes were noted like distortion of seminiferous tubules, disorganization of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids with cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear pycnosis in testis. There was almost disappearance of sinusoids due to disruption of hepatic plates, inflammatory cellular infiltration around central veins and cytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes with large irregular nuclei in liver of treated mice. Disorganized glomeruli with distorted Bowman’s capsules and mild to severe multifocal cloudy and hydropic degeneration with necrosis of tubules were observed in the kidney of treated mice. Inference drawn from the study indicated that arsenic induced both genotoxic histotoxic lesions.

scholarly journals Investigating the Histological Changes in Heart, Lung, Liver and Kidney of Male Albino Mice Treated with Ivabradine

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 0719
Author(s):  
Hadeel Kamil Khaleel
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Congestion ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Cardiac Atrophy ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Myocardial Degeneration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Myocardial Fibers ◽  
Hepatocyte Necrosis

            The present study aimed to investigate the histological changes of heart, lung, liver and kidney which caused by different concentrations (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) of Ivabradine. Results of the study revealed some histological changes represented by aggregation of the lymphocytes around respiratory bronchioles of the lung. In the liver, the drug caused hepatocyte necrosis and infiltration of the lymphocytes. In Kidney, there are no histopathological modifications in the tissue after the animals treated with 10 mg\kg of Ivabradine. When the animals treated with Ivabradine drug at 20mg/kg of bw, dose showed vascular congestion between myocardial fibers of heart. Emphysematous changes of the alveoli and infiltration of lymphocytes around respiratory bronchioles of lung. In the liver there were dilated blood sinusoids. Also, there are vascular congestion and congestion of capillaries in the glomerular of kidney. Male mice treated with Ivabradine drug at 40 mg/kg of bw cause increase spaces between myocardial fibers, cardiac atrophy and myocardial degeneration in the heart. In addition, there are infiltration of lymphocytes around respiratory bronchioles, pulmonary congestion and emphysematous changes of the alveoli in lung. In the liver, the drug cause amyloid deposition and degeneration of hepatocytes. Furthermore, the drug caused vascular congestion in the kidney. Conclusion: From the current study, we conclude that the different concentrations of Ivabradine caused tissue changes in the heart, lung, liver and kidneys. The study should continue using different drugs and concentrations.

scholarly journals Single-dose acute toxicity of THJ-2201 designer Cannabis drug: LD50 and hematological and histological changes in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulsallam Bakdash ◽  
Ahmad Mohamed Khir AL-Mathloum ◽  
Elkhatim H. Abdelgadir ElAmin ◽  
Nael M. T. Abu Taha ◽  
Sachil Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Histological Changes

scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF THE LEAVES ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PICRIA FEL-TERRAE LOUR.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Popi Patilaya ◽  
Dadang Irfan Husori ◽  
Imam Bagus Sumantri ◽  
Simon Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Liver And Kidney

 Objective: Picria fel-terrae belongs to family Linderniaceae is also known as Pugun tano by Indonesian people. The ethanolic extract of plant leaves has several potential pharmacological activities including antidiabetic, anthelmintic, and antioxidant. However, the toxicity of the plant extract is rarely explored. This work was to investigate toxicity of the leaf ethanolic extract of P. fel-terrae on Artemia salina and male mice.Methods: Acute toxicity of the plant extract was studied by in vitro and in vivo methods. In vitro study was carried out by exposing nauplii to the plant extract at concentrations of 10, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 μg/ml for 48 h. In vivo study was performed on male mice that divided into four groups. Groups I, II, III, and IV were treated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5%, the ethanolic extract of plant leaves at doses of 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg bw, respectively. The animal toxic symptoms were observed every day for 14 days. On day 15, the blood of mice was collected to measure alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine levels. The effects of plant extract on vital animal organs such as heart, liver, and kidney were also studied. Statistical analysis of data was performed using analysis of variance and followed by Tukey post hoc.Results: The results showed that the leaf ethanolic extract of P. fel-terrae to have weakly toxicity on A. salina with the LC50 of 768.07 μg/ml. At in vivo studies, the toxic symptoms of mice were not identified during experiment with all doses of the plant extract for 14 days. In addition, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine levels were no significantly different between control and all treatment groups (p>0.05). However, alanine aminotransferase level changed when mice were exposed by the plant extract at the doses of 2.000 and 5.000 mg/kg bw. Although the mice were not dead during experiment, the animal organs such as heart, liver, and kidney were histologically changed.Conclusion: This study suggests that the ethanolic extract of P. fel-terrae leaves has weakly toxicity on A. salina and causes histological changes on male mice organs at the high doses.

Effects of Androgens, Estrogens, and Cortisol on the Skin, Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, and Kidney in Gonadectomized Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McBride ◽  
A. P. van Overbeeke
Keyword(s):  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Skin Atrophy ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Marked Atrophy

A study was made of the histological changes occurring in the skin, stomach, liver, pancreas and kidney of adult gonadectomized male and female sockeye salmon in response to hormone treatments. The males received 11-ketotestosterone, 17α-methyltestosterone or cortisol for 4 or 7 weeks, and the females received estradiol, estradiol cypionate, or cortisol for 8 weeks.In the males, androgen injection evoked a highly significant increase in the thickness of the epidermis, a marked atrophy of the stomach, and a degeneration in the liver and kidney. In the pancreas, the exocrine portion showed characteristics of cytolysis in the acini, whereas the islets of Langerhans were hypertrophied. These changes were generally more pronounced after 7 weeks than after 4 but, in the skin, no further increase in the thickening of the epidermis was noted after the 4th week of treatment. No differences between responses of these tissues to 11-ketotestosterone and 17α-methyltestosterosne were detected.Estrogen administration in the females evoked similar, albeit weaker, responses in the skin, stomach, pancreas, and kidney than those recorded in the androgen-treated males. The liver of the females exhibited the characteristics of a hyperactive organ, which probably reflects estrogen-induced vitellogenesis.The effects of cortisol were similar in both sexes: little, if any, change was noted in the skin; atrophy or degeneration was observed in the stomach, liver, kidney, and in the exocrine portion of the pancreas, and the islets of Langerhans were hypertrophied. The cortisol-induced alterations were not, however, as pronounced as those noted in either the androgen- or estrogen-treated fish.These changes are discussed in relation to the changes observed in normal sexually maturing and reproducing Pacific salmon.

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Phosphoenolpyruvate, a Glycolytic Intermediate, as an Organ Preservation Agent with Glucose and N-Acetylcysteine against Organ Damage during Cold Storage of Mouse Liver and Kidney

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Ishitsuka ◽  
Yusuke Fukumoto ◽  
Yuki Kondo ◽  
Mitsuru Irikura ◽  
Daisuke Kadowaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Organ Preservation ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediate ◽  
Cold Preservation ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

We evaluated the usefulness of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), a glycolytic intermediate with antioxidative and energy supplementation potentials, as an organ preservation agent. Using ex vivo mouse liver and kidney of a static cold storage model, we compared the effects of PEP against organ damage and oxidative stress during cold preservation with those of glucose or N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, histological changes, and oxidative stress parameters (measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and glutathione content) were determined. PEP (100 mM) significantly prevented an increase in LDH leakage, histological changes, such as tubulonecrosis and vacuolization, and changes in oxidative stress parameters during 72 h of cold preservation in mouse liver. Although glucose (100 mM) partly prevented LDH leakage and histological changes, no effects against oxidative stress were observed. By contrast, NAC inhibited oxidative stress in the liver and did not prevent LDH leakage or histological changes. PEP also significantly prevented kidney damage during cold preservation in a dose-dependent manner, and the protective effects were superior to those of glucose and NAC. We suggest that PEP, a functional carbohydrate with organ protective and antioxidative activities, may be useful as an organ preservation agent in clinical transplantation.

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