scholarly journals Single-dose acute toxicity of THJ-2201 designer Cannabis drug: LD50 and hematological and histological changes in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulsallam Bakdash ◽  
Ahmad Mohamed Khir AL-Mathloum ◽  
Elkhatim H. Abdelgadir ElAmin ◽  
Nael M. T. Abu Taha ◽  
Sachil Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Histological Changes

Toxic effects of sub lethal concentration of dioctyl phthalate on the histology of liver of Clarias batrachus (Linn.).

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (09) ◽  
pp. 4874
Author(s):  
Manisha Satpathi* ◽  
Ravinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Toxicity Effects ◽  
Plastic Products

Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) commonly used as plasticizer enters into aquatic environment from the industries manufacturing plastic products, PVC resins, cosmetics and many other commercial products. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of Dioctyl phthalate on fresh water fish Clarias batrachus. The 96 hour LC50 of Dioctyl phthalate in Clarias batrachus was estimated as 14.5ml/L. Histopathological changes in liver of Clarias batrachus were determined by exposing them to a fraction of LC50(1/5th) dose with every change of water for 30 days.The liver of Clarias batrachus was excised at every interval of 30 days and histological changes of liver were studied under light microscopy. Liver tissues showed abnormalities. Centrilobular vacuolation, necrosis, eccentric nuclei and enlarged nuclei, Centrilobular degeneration of hepatocytes were observed in liver tissue of fish.

Correlation Between the Histological Changes and Glucose Intestinal Absorption Following a Single Dose of 5 Fluorouracil

Digestion ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Roche ◽  
J.Cl. Bognel ◽  
C. Bognel ◽  
J.J. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Histological Changes

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicity Profiles of the Methanol Extract of Lycopersicon esculentum L. Leaves (Tomato), a Botanical with Promising In Vitro Anticancer Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gaëlle S. Nguenang ◽  
Arsène S. M. Ntyam ◽  
Victor Kuete
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Tomato Extract ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) is a plant widely used in Africa like food and to solve many health problems. The methanol crude extract of tomato recently demonstrated a good antiproliferative effect on many human cancer cell lines. The aim of this research was to evaluate the acute toxicity and subacute oral toxicity of methanolic extract from leaves of this plant. These toxicities were evaluated based on the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. The assay of acute toxicity was performed using a total of 3 female rats, which received a single dose of 5000 mg/kg of methanolic extract via oral gavage. For the subacute toxicity study, 32 Wistar rats (males and females) were used. The groups were treated with three different doses of Lycopersicon esculentum methanolic extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days and the control group received distilled water. The hematological, biochemical, and histopathological studies were performed after the sacrifice. Single dose of tomato extract caused no toxicity up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight; hence, the median lethal dose (DL50) of leaves of this plant was greater than this value. However, lower toxic effects could be manifested in the long-term treatment at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg) because urea level and total serum proteins significantly increased at a dose of 1000 mg/kg with respect to control. The microscopic observation showed no remarkable pathological changes on all organs in the treated groups compared with the control groups of female and male rats. These results demonstrate that single dose of tomato extract leaves is relatively nontoxic at a dose of 5000 mg/kg b.w. and prolonged use of lower doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of L. esculentum orally should be encouraged, whereas highest dose (1000 mg/kg) should be avoided.

scholarly journals Efficacy of oryzalin and associated histological changes in Cryptosporidium-infected neonatal rats

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ARMSON ◽  
K. MENON ◽  
A. O'HARA ◽  
L. M. MACDONALD ◽  
C. M. READ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Intestinal Villus ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Maximum Inhibition

This paper reports the anti-cryptosporidial effects of, and concomitant amelioration of the histological changes in the gut of neonatal rats with intestinal cryptosporidiosis treated with the dinitroaniline, oryzalin. The ED50 was determined to be 7 mg/kg using twice daily doses administered for 3 consecutive days. A maximum inhibition of 85.5% was achieved at 25 mg/kg and this inhibition remained constant despite increasing the oryzalin dose to 200 mg/kg. Cryptosporidiosis significantly decreased the intestinal villus/crypt (VC) ratio by approximately 50% (duodenum = 2.3, jejunum = 2.5 and ileum = 1.7) when compared to uninfected untreated controls (duodenum = 4.3, jejunum = 5.9 and ileum = 4.5). Treatment with oryzalin doubled the VC ratio in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum following doses of 5 mg, 50 mg and 200 mg/kg respectively. Oryzalin concentrations in the small intestine contents and plasma were determined, using HPLC, at 0.5, 1 and 2 h after dosing. The much greater dose required to return VC ratios to normal in the ileum (200 mg/kg) compared to the duodenum (6.25 mg/kg) appeared to reflect the decreased concentration of the drug in the distal small intestine. Concentrations of oryzalin equivalent to the in vitro IC50 were maintained for 2 h in the first half of the small intestine following a single dose of 100 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity of Cypermethrin on Nile tilapia Fry

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 708-718
Author(s):  
Anan KENTHAO ◽  
Wanchat SIRISARN ◽  
Pornpimol JEARRANAIPREPAME
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Secondary Lamella ◽  
Low Levels

The present study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity effect of cypermethrin contaminated aquatic ecosystems by using a 30 days post-hatching fry of Nile tilapia as a test model. The control and six test experiments, each comprising 10 animals, were repeated three times and evaluated with the static test method. The lethal concentrations at 50 % (LC50) and 70 % (LC70) for 96 h were determined using the probit analysis. Behavioural and histological changes were observed in fish exposed with cypermethrin at both 96 h LC50 and 96 h LC70. The values of 96 h LC50 and 96 h LC70 were estimated at 32.496 and 40.311 ppb, respectively. The affected fish exhibited the loss of equilibrium with erratic and darting swimming movements, hyperactivity, secretion of mucous and increasing rate of opercula activity. Severity of histopathological lesions were related to concentration levels and exposure times. The histological changes of gill tissues included the swelling of epithelial cells and the fusion of secondary lamella. An enlargement of sinusoids, pyknotic nuclei, vacuole formation and degeneration in hepatic parenchyma were observed in liver. The degeneration of glomerulus combining with oedema of renal tubule was also noticed in kidney. No alter lesion was seen on skin tissue. The results in the present study suggest that low levels of cypermethrin in the aquatic environment may alter adverse effect on growth and development in Nile tilapia.

Effects of Acute Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos (EC 50%) and Associated Histological Alterations in Gills, Liver and Kidney of Mozambique Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jayakumar ◽  
A. Subburaj ◽  
P. Jawahar ◽  
A. Srinivasan ◽  
B. Ahilan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Mozambique Tilapia ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background: The pesticides are known to adversely affect the quality of water and create hazards for aquatic life that results in severe damage to non-target freshwater organisms including fish. Among them, the organophosphorus pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most commonly used pesticides for controlling various kinds of pests in agriculture. Pesticides after entering in to the body of fish bring about histopathological and biochemical changes in different target and non-target organs. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the toxicity effects of Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and associated histopathological changes in the gill, liver and kidney of the Mozambique Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus under the acute toxicity concentrations. Methods: Static bioassay was carried out for Chlorpyrifos with Oreochromis mossambicus as test animal for a period of 96 hrs as per standard methods and LC50 values were calculated through Probit analysis. The fishes were exposed to five acute concentrations (0.033, 0.066, 0.132, 0.264 and 0.528 ppb). The gill, liver and kidney tissues were collected from the fishes exposed to the pesticide and standard histology protocol was followed to investigate the histopathological changes. Result: The histological changes observed in the gill included lamellar aneurysm, curling of secondary lamellae, shortening of the secondary lamellae, hypertrophy of epithelial cell, fusion of secondary lamellae, deformation of the cartilage core, blood congestion, collapsed secondary lamellae, excessive mucus secretion, disorganization of the secondary lamellae, haemorrhage at primary lamellae, necrosis, haemorrhage at secondary lamellae. The most common histopathological changes in the liver were characterized by cellular necrosis, degeneration of hepatocytes, nuclear degeneration, fat deposition, rupture of nucleus, hypertrophied hepatocytes, blood congestion, blood sinusoids, cellular hypertrophy, increased pycnotic nucleus, cirrhosis and hemosiderosis. Further, histological changes like appearance of dilated lumen, hypertrophied epithelial cells, severe haemorrhage, blood congestion, melanomacrophage aggregation, narrowing of lumen, degenerated tubule, degenerated glomerulus, shrunken glomerulus and distended glomerulus were observed in the kidney. Thus, it is evident from the present study that Chlorpyrifos can be a potential toxicant affecting the fishes at tissue level on dose and time dependent manner which are expected to affect the other physiological processes in the long run.

Single-dose acute toxicity of intraperitoneally administered Vital-Shoot containing reduced glutathione in ICR mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Chun-Nam Cha ◽  
◽  
Eun-Kee Park ◽  
Chang-Yeul Yoo ◽  
Suk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Icr Mice

scholarly journals Toxicological studies of aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica root

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Adewale Alli ◽  
Abdulfatai Ayoade Adesokan ◽  
Oluwakanyinsola Adeola Salawu ◽  
Musbau Adewunmi Akanji
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Toxicological Studies

AbstractAcacia niloticais a widely used plant in traditional medical practice in Northern Nigeria and many African countries. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicological effects of a single dose (acute) and of repeated doses (sub-acute) administration of aqueous extract ofA. niloticaroot in rodents, following our earlier study on antiplasmodial activity. In the acute toxicity test, three groups of Swiss albino mice were orally administered aqueous extract ofA. nilotica(50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight) and signs of toxicity were observed daily for 14 days. In the sub-acute toxicity study, four groups of 12 rats (6 male and 6 female) were used. Group 1 received 10 ml/kg b.w distilled water (control), while groups 2, 3 and 4 received 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w of the extract, respectively, for 28 consecutive days by oral gavage. Signs of toxicity/mortality, food and water intake and body weight changes were observed. Biochemical parameters were analysed in both plasma and liver homogenate. In the acute and sub-acute toxicity studies, the extract did not cause mortality. A significant reduction in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase was observed at 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w, while alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher than control values at 500 mg/kg b.w. The aqueous extract ofA. niloticawas found to be safe in single dose administration in mice but repeated administration of doses higher than 250 mg/kg b.w of the extract for 28 days in rats may cause hepatotoxicity.

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