Effect of salt and drought stress on acid phosphatase activities in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) explants under in vitro culture

Background: Vector-borne diseases are quite prevalent globally and are one of the major causes of deaths due to infectious diseases. There is an availability of synthetic insecticides, however, their excessive and indiscriminate use have resulted in the emergence of resistant varieties of insects. Thus, a search for novel biopesticide has become inevitable. Methods: Rotenoids were isolated and identified from different parts of Medicago sativa L. This group of metabolites was also identified in the callus culture, and the rotenoid content was monitored during subculturing for a period of 10 months. Enhancement of the rotenoid content was evaluated by feeding precursors in a tissue culture medium. Results: Four rotenoids (elliptone, deguelin, rotenone and Dehydrorotenone) were identified, which were confirmed using spectral and chromatographic techniques. The maximum rotenoid content was found in the seeds (0.33±0.01%), followed by roots (0.31±0.01%) and minimum in the aerial parts (0.20±0.05%). A gradual decrease in the rotenoid content was observed with the ageing of subcultured tissue maintained for 10 months. The production of rotenoids was enhanced up to 2 folds in the callus culture using amino acids, Phenylalanine and Methionine as precursors as compared to the control. The LC50 value of the rotenoids was found to be 91 ppm and 162 ppm against disease vectors of malaria and Dracunculiasis, respectively. Conclusion: The study projects M. sativa as a novel source of biopesticide against the disease vectors of malaria and Dracunculiasis. The use of precursors to enhance the rotenoid content in vitro can be an effective venture from a commercial point of view.

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Effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculants on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage quality: assessment of degradation (in situ) and gas production (in vitro)

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ◽

10.1016/s2095-3119(16)61424-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 2834-2841 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ce LIU ◽

Yu-jiao LAI ◽

Xiao-nan LU ◽

Ping-ting GUO ◽

Hai-ling LUO

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Quality Assessment ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

Gas Production ◽

Medicago Sativa L ◽

Silage Quality

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EFFECTS OF EARLY SUMMER AND FALL CUTTING MANAGEMENT ON DRY MATTER YIELDS, DIGESTIBILITY, CRUDE PROTEIN, AND SURVIVAL OF SARANAC AND NARRAGANSETT ALFALFAS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps72-162 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 941-948 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. B. MacLEOD ◽

H. T. KUNELIUS ◽

F. W. CALDER

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Early Summer ◽

Good Survival ◽

Considerable Decrease ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Medicago Sativa L ◽

Cutting Management

The effects of early summer and fall cutting managements on two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars were studied over a 3-year period. Removal of the first crop of Saranac and Narrangansett alfalfas at prebud stage, followed by two cuts at the early bloom stage before early September, and a late fall harvest on October 25, produced seasonal dry matter (DM) yields of 7.5–8.6 metric T/ha in the 1st year. Stand deterioration, however, was severe and by the 3rd year, practically all alfalfa had disappeared. Average percent crude protein (CP) in cut 1 was 17.7–21.9 and percent in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) 67.4–73.8. Removal of the first cut at bud stage with two subsequent harvests at the early bloom stage also allowed a total of three harvests before early September and resulted in seasonal DM yields of 8.6–8.8 in the 1st year. Although the survival of alfalfa was increased over the managements where cut 1 was at prebud stage, a considerable decrease of alfalfa was still observed in the 3rd year. Under this management, average CP in cut 1 was 15.8–16.3 and IVD 64.1–68.4. Harvesting the first crop at early to midbloom stage and the second crop at early bloom in early to mid-August, followed by third harvest in late October, resulted in good survival with seasonal DM yields of 6.1–10.6. Lower CP and IVD were recorded in cut 1 than in the more intensive managements. Under all managements, average CP in cuts 2 and 3 was 14.9–17.3 and 13.3–19.4, respectively. IVD was 54.5–60.7 in cut 2 and 56.0–64.4 in cut 3.

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Relationships between In Vitro Digestibility and Morphological Characters in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) : I. Genetic Variability of I. V. D.

Ikushugaku zasshi ◽

10.1270/jsbbs1951.23.79 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 79-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenichi Suginobu ◽

B.R. Christie

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Medicago Sativa L

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Effects of the addition of essential oils cumimaldehyde, eugenol, and thymol on the in vitro gas production and digestibility of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L. ) silage

TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES ◽

10.3906/vet-1803-19 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 395-401

Author(s):

Mustafa SALMAN ◽

Habip MURUZ ◽

Nurcan ÇETİNKAYA ◽

Zehra SELÇUK ◽

İsmail KAYA

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Medicago Sativa L

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Physiological Responses of Apple and Cherry In Vitro Culture under Different Levels of Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10111689 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1689

Author(s):

Zuzana Kovalikova ◽

Petra Jiroutova ◽

Jakub Toman ◽

Dominika Dobrovolna ◽

Lenka Drbohlavova

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

In Vitro Culture ◽

Water Content ◽

Membrane Damage ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Global Food Security ◽

Fruit Species ◽

Malondialdehyde Content

Drought stress is a serious threat. Therefore, improvements in crop productivity under conditions of limited water availability are vital to keep global food security. Apples and cherries belong to the most produced fruit worldwide. Thus, searching for their tolerant or resistant cultivars is beneficial for crop breeders to produce more resistant plants. We studied five apple (“Malinové holovouské”, “Fragrance”, “Rubinstep”, “Idared”, “Car Alexander”) and five cherry (“Regina”, “Napoleonova”, “Kaštánka”, “Sunburst”, “P-HL-C”) cultivars for their adaptation in response to progressive drought stress. The reaction of an in vitro culture to osmotic stress simulated by increasing polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration in medium was evaluated through the morphological (fresh and dry weight, water content, leaf area), physiological (chlorophyll and carotenoids content), and biochemical (reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content) parameters. Drought-like stress negatively affected the water content, leaf areas, and chlorophyll content in both fruit species. Oxidative status and membrane damage of plants under water deficiency conditions occurred to be important indicators of stress tolerance mechanism. Cherries exhibited higher hydrogen peroxide levels compared to apples, whereas their malondialdehyde values were generally lower. The overall results indicated wide tolerance range to water deficit among apple and cherry in vitro culture as well as among cultivars within single plant species.

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Identification of Exogenous Nitric Oxide-Responsive miRNAs from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under Drought Stress by High-Throughput Sequencing

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11010030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Yaodong Zhao ◽

Wenjing Ma ◽

Xiaohong Wei ◽

Yu Long ◽

Ying Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

High Throughput ◽

Drought Resistance ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Target Genes ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Medicago Sativa L

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a high quality leguminous forage. Drought stress is one of the main factors that restrict the development of the alfalfa industry. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of alfalfa plants treated with CK (normal water), PEG (polyethylene glycol-6000; drought stress), and PEG + SNP (sodium nitroprusside; nitric oxide (NO) sprayed externally under drought stress). We identified 90 known miRNAs belonging to 46 families and predicted 177 new miRNAs. Real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate high-throughput expression analysis data. A total of 32 (14 known miRNAs and 18 new miRNAs) and 55 (24 known miRNAs and 31 new miRNAs) differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in PEG and PEG + SNP samples. This suggested that exogenous NO can induce more new miRNAs. The differentially expressed miRNA maturation sequences in the two treatment groups were targeted by 86 and 157 potential target genes, separately. The function of target genes was annotated by gene ontology (GO) enrichment and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis. The expression profiles of nine selected miRNAs and their target genes verified that their expression patterns were opposite. This study has documented that analysis of miRNA under PEG and PEG + SNP conditions provides important insights into the improvement of drought resistance of alfalfa by exogenous NO at the molecular level. This has important scientific value and practical significance for the improvement of plant drought resistance by exogenous NO.

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