Co-treatment effect of triadimefon and salt stress on antioxidant responses, NHX1 and LEA expression in two alfalfa cultivars (Medicago sativa L.) under in vitro culture

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-417
Author(s):  
Leila Arab ◽  
Ali Akbar Ehsanpour ◽  
Nam Soo Jwa
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) clones tolerant to salt stress: in vitro selection

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 765-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Campanelli ◽  
Claudia Ruta ◽  
Irene Morone-Fortunato ◽  
Giuseppe Mastro
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

AbstractIn order to quickly and efficiently evaluate the salt tolerance of alfalfa, salinity tests were conducted on Medicago sativa L. var. australis, var. icon, var. loi, and var. gea, under in vitro conditions. Pregerminated seeds of four varieties were subjected to five different NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM). The influence of saline stress was estimated on the basis of survival percentage, growth parameters, and electrolyte leakage. The seedlings surviving on the medium enriched with salt at the highest concentration were presumed to be tolerant and represented the mother plants for the production of in vitro clones. In the following step, the clones were evaluated in vitro to confirm the salt tolerance. The influence of mild salt stress (75 mM NaCl) on the growth parameters of selected clones was examined. At the end of this trial, the proline accumulation and sodium content in alfalfa shoots were also quantified. The results suggest an increased level of proline promotes salt tolerance. Medicago sativa L. var. icon is highly tolerant in comparison with the other varieties tested. In vitro selection of M. sativa L. varieties on salt-containing media allowed us to obtain clones with increased salinity tolerance.

Insecticidal Active Rotenoids from Plant Parts and Callus Culture of Medicago sativa L. from a Semiarid Region of India (Rajasthan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-941
Author(s):  
Sharad Vats ◽  
Preeti Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Background: Vector-borne diseases are quite prevalent globally and are one of the major causes of deaths due to infectious diseases. There is an availability of synthetic insecticides, however, their excessive and indiscriminate use have resulted in the emergence of resistant varieties of insects. Thus, a search for novel biopesticide has become inevitable. Methods: Rotenoids were isolated and identified from different parts of Medicago sativa L. This group of metabolites was also identified in the callus culture, and the rotenoid content was monitored during subculturing for a period of 10 months. Enhancement of the rotenoid content was evaluated by feeding precursors in a tissue culture medium. Results: Four rotenoids (elliptone, deguelin, rotenone and Dehydrorotenone) were identified, which were confirmed using spectral and chromatographic techniques. The maximum rotenoid content was found in the seeds (0.33±0.01%), followed by roots (0.31±0.01%) and minimum in the aerial parts (0.20±0.05%). A gradual decrease in the rotenoid content was observed with the ageing of subcultured tissue maintained for 10 months. The production of rotenoids was enhanced up to 2 folds in the callus culture using amino acids, Phenylalanine and Methionine as precursors as compared to the control. The LC50 value of the rotenoids was found to be 91 ppm and 162 ppm against disease vectors of malaria and Dracunculiasis, respectively. Conclusion: The study projects M. sativa as a novel source of biopesticide against the disease vectors of malaria and Dracunculiasis. The use of precursors to enhance the rotenoid content in vitro can be an effective venture from a commercial point of view.

EFFECTS OF EARLY SUMMER AND FALL CUTTING MANAGEMENT ON DRY MATTER YIELDS, DIGESTIBILITY, CRUDE PROTEIN, AND SURVIVAL OF SARANAC AND NARRAGANSETT ALFALFAS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. MacLEOD ◽  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
F. W. CALDER
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Cutting Management

The effects of early summer and fall cutting managements on two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars were studied over a 3-year period. Removal of the first crop of Saranac and Narrangansett alfalfas at prebud stage, followed by two cuts at the early bloom stage before early September, and a late fall harvest on October 25, produced seasonal dry matter (DM) yields of 7.5–8.6 metric T/ha in the 1st year. Stand deterioration, however, was severe and by the 3rd year, practically all alfalfa had disappeared. Average percent crude protein (CP) in cut 1 was 17.7–21.9 and percent in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) 67.4–73.8. Removal of the first cut at bud stage with two subsequent harvests at the early bloom stage also allowed a total of three harvests before early September and resulted in seasonal DM yields of 8.6–8.8 in the 1st year. Although the survival of alfalfa was increased over the managements where cut 1 was at prebud stage, a considerable decrease of alfalfa was still observed in the 3rd year. Under this management, average CP in cut 1 was 15.8–16.3 and IVD 64.1–68.4. Harvesting the first crop at early to midbloom stage and the second crop at early bloom in early to mid-August, followed by third harvest in late October, resulted in good survival with seasonal DM yields of 6.1–10.6. Lower CP and IVD were recorded in cut 1 than in the more intensive managements. Under all managements, average CP in cuts 2 and 3 was 14.9–17.3 and 13.3–19.4, respectively. IVD was 54.5–60.7 in cut 2 and 56.0–64.4 in cut 3.

scholarly journals Influence of salt stress on plants of poplar clone "INRA 353-38" and willow clone "Zhytomyrska-1" in in vitro culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Yu. Khoma ◽  
L. Khudolieieva ◽  
N. Kutsokon
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Abiotic Factor

Soil salinization is an important abiotic factor negatively affecting plant growth, development and productivity. Fast-growing poplar and willow trees are important plants for bioenergy production demonstrating varying degrees of adaptation to different habitats. The study of salt resistance in different clones of poplars and willows will reveal genotypes that can be planted in saline soils for producing biomass for the bioenergy industry. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of salt stress on poplar plants of clone 'INRA 353-38' (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) and willow clone 'Zhytomyrska – 1' (Salix sp.) under in vitro culture. For this purpose the plants were cultivated on MS nutrient medium with the addition of sodium chloride in concentrations 25 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM. The control plants were grown on the sodium chloridefree medium. The plant status (with a 4-score scale), the intensity of their growth (by shoot length) and rooting capacity (by the number of roots) were assessed on the 10th and the 30th day of cultivation. The results obtained indicate a high level of sensitivity to sodium chloride of both studied clones under in vitro cultivation. But the willow 'Zhytomyrska – 1' had a higher sensitivity to salt stress comparing to hybrid polar 'ІNRA 353-38' since growth parameters of willow were significantly decreased even under the concentration of sodium chloride 50 mM, and in the case of short term influence (10 days) of the highest concentration of sodium chloride (100 mM) all willow plants terminated their growth and quickly died. The growth parameters of hybrid poplar were declined within a month, mainly under the highest concentration of sodium chloride, but even under such conditions some part of the shoots were able to survive.

scholarly journals Strategies to Increase Prediction Accuracy in Genomic Selection of Complex Traits in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3372
Author(s):  
Cesar A. Medina ◽  
Harpreet Kaur ◽  
Ian Ray ◽  
Long-Xi Yu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Agronomic traits such as biomass yield and abiotic stress tolerance are genetically complex and challenging to improve through conventional breeding approaches. Genomic selection (GS) is an alternative approach in which genome-wide markers are used to determine the genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) of individuals in a population. In alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), previous results indicated that low to moderate prediction accuracy values (<70%) were obtained in complex traits, such as yield and abiotic stress resistance. There is a need to increase the prediction value in order to employ GS in breeding programs. In this paper we reviewed different statistic models and their applications in polyploid crops, such as alfalfa and potato. Specifically, we used empirical data affiliated with alfalfa yield under salt stress to investigate approaches that use DNA marker importance values derived from machine learning models, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of marker-trait association scores based on different GWASpoly models, in weighted GBLUP analyses. This approach increased prediction accuracies from 50% to more than 80% for alfalfa yield under salt stress. Finally, we expended the weighted GBLUP approach to potato and analyzed 13 phenotypic traits and obtained similar results. This is the first report on alfalfa to use variable importance and GWAS-assisted approaches to increase the prediction accuracy of GS, thus helping to select superior alfalfa lines based on their GEBVs.

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