The burden of infection in diabetic patients living in sub-Saharan region: Case of Yaound Central Hospital, Cameroon

Uncontrolled blood pressure is a threat to diabetic patients’ life. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors of hypertension among diabetic patients at different stages from Yaoundé Central Hospital and Etoug-Ebe Baptist Health Center of Cameroon. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted for 6 months, and 109 participants (types 1 and 2), aged 24–81 years, were enrolled using simple random sampling. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, habitual behaviors, clinical history blood pressure, and anthropometric measures. The prevalence of hypertension was 86.2%. Of the total, 13.8% participants were normotensive, 32.1% stage 1 hypertensive, and 54.1% stage 2 hypertensive. Being a male (p=0.046) and not smoking (p=0.036) were negatively associated with stage 1 hypertension whereas eating less than 3 times (p=0.046) and duration of diabetes greater than 9 years among women (p=0.039) were positively associated. Age above 40 years (p=0.002) was negatively associated with stage 2 hypertension. However, age above 40 years had a negative effect among Christian, less educated diabetics, people having diabetes for more than 9 years, and those on medical treatment (5.556≤specific OR≤10.278). Duration of diabetes (age-adjusted OR=1.155; p=0.003) and abnormal waist circumference (crude OR=4.074; p=0.024) were positively associated with stage 2. Abnormal waist-to-hip ratio (crude OR=3.773; p=0.028) and feeding rate greater than 2 times a day (WHR-adjusted OR=3.417; p=0.046) were positively associated with hypertension (stages 1 and 2). This study suggests that hypertension, present at its two stages, is a serious health issue among diabetic patients. Thus, appropriate intervention should be put in place to prevent and control hypertension by managing identified risk factors.

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Beliefs and practices of diabetic patients in Vhembe district of Limpopo Province

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine ◽

10.4102/phcfm.v8i2.949 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hilda Shilubane ◽

Lizzy Netshikweta ◽

Tshinyadzo Ralineba

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Management Practices ◽

Management Practice ◽

Premature Death ◽

Limpopo Province ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Vhembe District

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition affecting over 18 million people worldwide. It can lead to debilitating complications and premature death if not effectively controlled. South Africa, like any sub-Saharan countries and the world at large, is no exception. The prevalence of diabetes among South African adults has increased by 50% from 2009 to date, and an increase of some 11 million new diabetes diagnoses is expected by the year 2020.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the beliefs and management practices of patients with DM in Vhembe district, Limpopo province.Setting: The study was conducted at Vhembe district clinics. Methods: A probability, purposive sampling was used to sample 100 diabetic patients. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19.0. Descriptive statistics, frequencies, and percentages were used to summarise the data from the study.Results: The majority of the respondents had poor management practice of feet care and annual eye examinations. Twenty four (24.0%) of the respondents believed that DM can be cured and 22 (22.0%) did not believe that diet helps in the management of DM.Conclusion: The belief that DM is curable can have a negative effect as patients can quit taking treatment once the disease is under control. This happens irrespective of the national guidelines for the management of DM. Therefore, some strategies should be sought that could enhance the implementation of the guidelines in order to combat the disease.

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Metabolic syndrome among type 2 diabetic patients in Sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1403-1411 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw ◽

Tadesse Yirga Akalu ◽

Mihretie Gedefaw ◽

Denis Anthony ◽

Ayelign Mengesha Kassie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

African Countries ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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Heath related quality of life and associated factors among diabetes patients in sub-Saharan countries: a systemic review and meta-analysis

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-020-01655-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Biruk Shalmeno Tusa ◽

Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet ◽

Assefa Tola Gemada ◽

Bedasa Taye Merga ◽

Lemma Demissie Regassa

Keyword(s):

Physical Health ◽

Environmental Health ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Fasting Blood Sugar ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Health Domain ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Various primary studies have been conducted in sub-Saharan countries on the level of health related quality of life (HRQoL) and their associated factors among diabetic patients. However, the result of these studies lacks consistency. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the pooled level of HRQoL and their associated factors among diabetic patients in sub-Saharan countries. Methods Electronic databases predominantly PubMed were searched. Databases, such as Google and Google scholar, were searched for gray literature. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Heterogeneity of the studies was checked by Forest plot and I-squared statistic. Both inverse-variance fixed-effect and DerSimonian and Laird random-effects methods were applied to estimate the pooled level of HRQoL (for both WHO-QoL-BREF and SF-36) and the effect size of associated factors. Result From a total 776 retrieved studies, 16 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled mean score of physical health, psychological, social relation and environmental health domain of WHO-QoL-BREF were 43.12, 47.40, 46.60 and 45.59 respectively. Age had a significant association (pooled β = − 0.47), (pooled β = − 0.24), (pooled β = − 0.32) and (pooled β = − 0.03) with physical health, psychological health, social relation and environmental health domains respectively. Being rural residence (pooled β = − 0.32) was inversely associated with environmental health domain of WHO-QoL-BREF. Increased fasting blood sugar had a significant association (pooled β = − 0.08, 95% CI − 0.11, − 0.05), (pooled β = − 0.07) and (pooled β = − 0.004) with physical health, psychological health and environmental health domains respectively. Having Co-morbidity (pooled β = − 6.25) and diabetes related complication (pooled β = − 5.65) were contrarily related to physical health domain of WHO-QoL-BREF. Conclusion The pooled mean of physical and environmental domains of HRQOL scores was the least compared to the psychological and social domains. Being Old age and rural residence, increased fasting blood sugar, having co-morbidity and diabetic related complications were contrarily related to level of HRQoL. Therefore, we recommend that early detection and treatment of diabetes related complication and comorbidity and control of fasting blood sugar. While doing that due attention should be given for old and rural dwellers.

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Study of the Glycemic Control and the Biochemical Profile in the Gabonese Diabetic Patient

International Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders ◽

10.33140/ijdmd/02/01/00002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Control ◽

Diabetic Patient ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Poor Glycemic Control ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Biochemical Profile ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Hba1c Control ◽

Sub Saharan

Background: Management of diabetes remains a challenge in Africa. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the glycemic control in diabetics patients with diabetes in Gabon sub-Saharan country. Methods: This study involving 87 diabetic patients (Men25 ; Women : 62) were investigated anthropometric parametres, glycemic control and biochemical profil. Results: All our results show that with an average age of 53±11.02 years diabetic Gabonese patients present a poor glycemic control (P <0.0001): Glycemia (Control: 4.95 ± 1.16 mmol/l vs Diabetic : 10.27 ± 4.47 mmol/l) ; HbA1c (Control : 5.05 ± 0.46% vs Diabetics : 7.40 ± 2.36%) associated with a hepatic steatosis : Alat ( Alat : Control: 17.25 ± 13.7u/l vs Diabetic: 25.84 ± 13.19 u/l), Asat (Control: 18 ± 13.20 u/l vs Diabetic: 36.93 ± 17.87 u/l). Conclusion: Is evidence, a high proportion of patients with diabetes remains poorly controlled. This is the case in Gabon diabetic patients.

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Investigation of Common Bacterial Pathogens Leading to Urinary Tract Infections Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Sub-Saharan Africa.

10.51168/sjhrafrica.v2i6.31 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Jackline Nakkungu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Urinary Bladder ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Klebsiella Species ◽

Streptococcus Species ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Sub Saharan

Background: The risk of diabetic patients acquiring UTIs is higher than that of their non-diabetic counterparts. This is due to the damage on the urinary bladder nerves caused by high blood glucose levels. This nerve damage reduces the ability of the urinary bladder to sense the presence of urine in it. As a result, urine stays for a long time in the bladder, increasing the growth of the bacteria in urine. UTI’s may lead to emphysematous pyelonephritis, cystitis in females, renal and perirenal abscess, papillary necrosis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and fungal infections. There is limited knowledge about the bacteria affecting diabetic patients in Uganda. Methodology: In a cross-sectional study, 76 diabetic patients at Our Lady of Consolata Kisubi Hospital had their urine samples collected and analyzed for the presence of uro-bacterial pathogens in the microbiology laboratory at the University of Kisubi. Patients were instructed on how to collect midstream urine, which were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. The bacteria were identified according to colony size, shape, and hemolysis. Several biochemical tests were used to confirm the presence of the different bacteria strains from the individual subcultured colonies Results Escherichia coli was the most predominant bacterium associated with UTIs in diabetes mellitus with an abundance of 42.3 %. This was followed by Klebsiella species with 21.1%, Staphylococcus aureus with 14.1%, Streptococcus species at 11.76%, Proteus species at 5.8%, Enterococcus faecalis at 3.5%, and Serratia marcescens with 1.17%. Female diabetic patients were found to be more infected with uropathogenic than their male diabetic counterparts. Conclusion and recommendations: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Proteus species, Serratia marcescens, and Enterococcus faecalis were identified to be commonly found in the urine of patients with diabetes mellitus. More screening and early management of such infections are needed in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Evaluation the relation between age at the time of diabetes diagnosis and Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody in non- overweight, obese diabetic individuals

Vietnam Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology ◽

10.47122/vjde.2020.40.7 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Thua Nguyen Tran

Keyword(s):

Glutamic Acid ◽

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽

Objective Evaluation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Acid Decarboxylase ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetes Diagnosis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Central Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: Evaluation the relation between age at the time of diabetes diagnosis and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody in non- overweight, obese diabetic individuals. Method: A cross-sectional study on 284 non overweight- obesity diabetic patients at Hue Central hospital from August 2017 to August 2019. All patients were measured autoantibodies glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD). GAD antibody- positive was determined when autoantibodies to GAD concentration was higher than 5 IU/mL. Clinical data (age, sex, weight, hight) were obtained. Age at the time of diabetes diagnosis was interviewed. Data were analysed by SPSS version 16.0 and Medcalc software. Results: The risk of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody- positive in non- overweight, obese diabetic individuals increased 2.7 time when aged at the time of diabetes diagnosis 50 and older. The cut-off of age at the time of diabetes diagnosis for detecting risk of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody- positive in non- overweight, obese diabetic individuals was 57. Conclusion: This study showed non- overweight, obese diabetic individuals should be screened for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody at aged 50 and older

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Role of Education of Diabetes to Controlling Plasma Glucose, BMI, Cholesterol, Blood Pressure in Central Hospital Nampula.

Journal of Current Medical Research and Opinion ◽

10.15520/jcmro.v2i01.119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (01) ◽

pp. 75-80

Author(s):

Dr Madhumati Varma MD

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Traditional Healers ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Central Hospital ◽

Lifestyle Measures ◽

Control Of Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Individual ◽

Diabetic Person

Mozambique is located on the East Coast of Africa. In this country, obesity, poor knowledge regarding diabetes, and a lack of awareness of the complications of diabetes are prevalent. Furthermore, most of the population utilizes traditional healers for the treatment of diabetes. There are unhealthy food habits, a sedentary lifestyle in the urban population, and increased economic growth among office-related professions, which is one of the risk factors that cause diabetes and its complications. Currently, no study has been conducted for patients on the effects of education in various modalities of diabetes. Accordingly, there is an extreme need to educate diabetic patients to improve their control of diabetes and to reduce its complications. Adequate medical management and proper lifestyle measures should start directly at the time of the diagnosis of diabetes, which can result in the diabetic individual living a life just as cheerful as that of a non-diabetic person. However, this objective requires proper counselling of the patient specifically at the time of diagnosis, which can be achieved by well-planned educational programs that target the newly diagnosed diabetic individual and create awareness about diabetes. In central hospital Nampula in diabetic OPD, three education sessions were organized, at an interval of one month (baseline, first follow up and second follow up). Each participant was evaluated in each session regarding their BMI, blood pressure, plasma glucose, cholesterol concentrations. The statistical analysis showed strong significantly positive correlation effects with glucose to BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol on controlling each of these parameters. Prior to the commencement of the baseline education session, an evaluation of the evolution of patient knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus (the pretest) was performed. At the end of the second follow up, a posttest was performed, which showed strong significant increases in the knowledge of diabetes.

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