scholarly journals Risk Factors of Hypertension among Diabetic Patients from Yaoundé Central Hospital and Etoug-Ebe Baptist Health Centre, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beryl Kemche ◽  
Brice Ulrich Saha Foudjo ◽  
Elie Fokou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Stage 1

Uncontrolled blood pressure is a threat to diabetic patients’ life. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors of hypertension among diabetic patients at different stages from Yaoundé Central Hospital and Etoug-Ebe Baptist Health Center of Cameroon. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted for 6 months, and 109 participants (types 1 and 2), aged 24–81 years, were enrolled using simple random sampling. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, habitual behaviors, clinical history blood pressure, and anthropometric measures. The prevalence of hypertension was 86.2%. Of the total, 13.8% participants were normotensive, 32.1% stage 1 hypertensive, and 54.1% stage 2 hypertensive. Being a male (p=0.046) and not smoking (p=0.036) were negatively associated with stage 1 hypertension whereas eating less than 3 times (p=0.046) and duration of diabetes greater than 9 years among women (p=0.039) were positively associated. Age above 40 years (p=0.002) was negatively associated with stage 2 hypertension. However, age above 40 years had a negative effect among Christian, less educated diabetics, people having diabetes for more than 9 years, and those on medical treatment (5.556≤specific OR≤10.278). Duration of diabetes (age-adjusted OR=1.155; p=0.003) and abnormal waist circumference (crude OR=4.074; p=0.024) were positively associated with stage 2. Abnormal waist-to-hip ratio (crude OR=3.773; p=0.028) and feeding rate greater than 2 times a day (WHR-adjusted OR=3.417; p=0.046) were positively associated with hypertension (stages 1 and 2). This study suggests that hypertension, present at its two stages, is a serious health issue among diabetic patients. Thus, appropriate intervention should be put in place to prevent and control hypertension by managing identified risk factors.

scholarly journals The Association of Depression and the Cardiovascular Risk Factors of Blood Pressure, HbA1c, and Body Mass Index among Patients with Diabetes: Results from the Translating Research into Action for Diabetes Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay B. Kimbro ◽  
W. Neil Steers ◽  
Carol M. Mangione ◽  
O. Kenrik Duru ◽  
Susan L. Ettner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Diabetic patients are nearly three times as likely to have depression as their nondiabetic counterparts. Patients with diabetes are already at risk for poor cardiovascular health. Using cross-sectional data from the translating research into action for diabetes (TRIAD) study, the authors tested the association of depression with cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients. Depression was measured using the patient health questionnaire (PHQ8). Patients who scored greater than 9 on the PHQ8 were classified as depressed and were compared with those who were not depressed(n=2,341). Depressed patients did not have significantly different blood pressure levels than those who were not depressed. However, those who were depressed had higher HbA1c levels than those who were not depressed(P<0.01)and higher BMIs than those who were not depressed(P<0.01). These results indicate that depressed diabetic patients are at greater risk of having poor control of cardiovascular risk factors and suggest that depression screening should be a standard practice among this patient group.

scholarly journals Assessment of glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a clinic-based study in a slum of Kolkata

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4768
Author(s):  
Tania Pan ◽  
Aparajita Dasgupta ◽  
Sweta Suman ◽  
Bobby Paul ◽  
Rajarshi Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Glycaemic Control ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Urban Health Centre

Background: Although diabetes is a chronic condition, it can be controlled and managed to prevent complications. Long-standing diabetes with poor glycaemic control leads to many complications. This study aims to assess the glycaemic control status and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients attending Urban Health Centre in a slum of Kolkata, West Bengal.Methods: A clinic-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 184 diabetic patients attending clinic at Urban Health Centre, Chetla from October-December 2017. Each respondent was interviewed using a structured schedule to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, disease profile and self-care activities. Height and weight were measured. Individuals with PPBS ≥160 mg/dl were said to have poor glycaemic control. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0.Results: Out of 184 participants, 37.5% had poor glycaemic control. Mean (±SD) age of the participants was 51.64 (9.64) years. Median duration of diabetes was 4 years. 104 (56.5%) had overweight/ obesity. Only 26.6% had satisfactory dietary practice. Test results revealed ≥4 years duration of diabetes, overweight/ obesity, smoking, unsatisfactory diet and non-adherence to medications as significant predictors of poor glycaemic control, explaining 31.6% of the variance of glycaemic control with non-significant Hosmer–Lemeshow statistics.Conclusions: The study has identified factors associated with poor glycaemic control among the study participants. Emphasis on promoting a healthy lifestyle which includes a healthful eating plan, cessation of smoking, maintaining optimum body weight and strictly adhering of prescribed medications would go a long way in maintaining good glycaemic control.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors for diabetic retinopathy at first ophthalmological contact

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Bhavkaran Singh ◽  
Prempal Kaur ◽  
Jaspreet Singh ◽  
Parveen Grang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is now considered as a growing global public health concern due to cost associated with diabetic micro and macrovascular complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss. Accurate estimation of prevalence of DR among diabetic patients and associated risk factors are of crucial importance to plan and execute preventive strategies in the community. Aims and Objectives: The present cross sectional hospital based observational study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of DR in diabetic patients at their first ophthalmological contact and toevaluate associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional hospital based observational study, all diabetic patients visiting ophthalmology clinic for the first time after being diagnosed as diabetic were enrolled. After recording demographic data and biochemical findings, each patient was investigated for DR and correlated with associated risk factors. Results: Of 1699 patients, majority (68.9%) of them had come to ophthalmology clinic with complaint of decreased vision. Only 16.12 % (274) patients had been referred for retinal exam by treating physician. DR was prevalent in 242(16.98%) non-referred and 31(11.31%) referred patients. Mean age and mean duration of diabetes was significantly higher in non-referred patients. Vision threatening DR was also significantly higher in nonreferred patients. Prevalence of DR was significantly correlated with age at presentation, duration of diabetes, rural background, uncontrolled diabetes, systolic blood pressure and high BMI. Conclusion: Low referral by treating physician and lack of awareness among patient accounts for late presentation of diabetic patients to ophthalmologist. Beyond just developing strategies to promote screening programs for early detection and management of DR, education of the patients,comprehensive planning and coordination between ophthalmologist and physician can go a long way to decrease the economic and social burden of preventable blindness due to diabetic retinopathy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Elderly Patients Aged 45-80 Years at Kanungu District

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debrah Asiimwe ◽  
Godfrey O. Mauti ◽  
Ritah Kiconco
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Background. Type 2 diabetes is a worldwide disaster including in Uganda, specifically in Kanungu District which had a rise in diabetic patients in 2018/2019 as compared to the 2017/2018 financial year. This research was determined to access the prevalence and risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes on elderly patients aged 45-80 years attending Kanungu Health Centre IV, Kanungu District. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients aged 45-80 years attending Kanungu Health Centre IV from June to August 2019. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was determined by the blood sugar of patients. Questionnaires were used to collect data for factors associated with type 2 diabetes. Data were statistically analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25 (SPSS Inc., USA) at P<0.05. Results. The overall prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 18.7% among the tested patients. 22.8% of diabetic patients were females as 7.8% were males. The age group most affected by diabetes was 61-65 years. Alcoholism, smoking, body mass index (BMI), and family history were found to be significantly associated with type 2 diabetes at P value < 0.05. Conclusion. There was a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes observed in this study compared to studies done in previous years which raise a public health concern. This study also found that females and patients aged 61-65 years were most affected by diabetes. Lastly, the presence of family history for diabetes, overweight, and being obese increases the chances of acquiring type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Diabetic Nephropathy Development in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-sectional Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santisith Khiewkhern ◽  
Witaya Yoosook ◽  
Wisit Thongkum ◽  
Chitkamon Srichompoo ◽  
Sawan Thitisutti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Introduction: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious long-term complications of patients with type 2 diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage kidney failure. Early detection and risk reduction measures can prevent DN. However, data showing the survival time and factors associated with DN development among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes is currently not available. Aim: This study aims to explore the survival time and examine the risk factors associated with the development of DN among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted during 1st January, 2002 to 3rd December, 2017 to performed and to explore the survival time and examine the risk factors associated with the development of DN among 1,540 patients with type 2 diabetes who received treatment at the Diabetes Mellitus (DM) clinic in Mahachanachai Hospital, Yasothon Province, Thailand. Data was collected from the Hospital Experience (HOSxP) program and medical records from 2002 to 2017. Kaplan-Meier and Cox’s regressions were used for data analysis. Results: From those 15 years, out of 1,540 cases 306 eligible patients with type 2 DM were selected for survival analysis. The results showed that 274 patients met the criteria for DN (89.50%) and 32 patients (10.50%) did not meet the criteria for DN. The median of DN survival time was five years. Multivariate Cox’s regression analysis confirmed that systolic blood pressure had a statistically significant association with the development of DN among hospitalised type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusion: Duration of Diabetes and Systolic blood pressure are associated with the development of DN. The application of future prevention and control measures are highly recommended to control systolic blood pressure for DN protection.

scholarly journals Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Somalis Living in Norway and Somaliland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheir H. Ahmed ◽  
Niki Marjerrison ◽  
Marte Karoline Råberg Kjøllesdal ◽  
Hein Stigum ◽  
Aung Soe Htet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Framingham Risk

Objective: We aimed to assess and compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and predict the future risk of CVD among Somalis living in Norway and Somaliland. Method: We included participants (20–69 years) from two cross-sectional studies among Somalis living in Oslo (n = 212) and Hargeisa (n = 1098). Demographic data, history of CVD, smoking, alcohol consumption, anthropometric measures, blood pressure, fasting serum glucose, and lipid profiles were collected. The predicted 10-year risk of CVD was calculated using Framingham risk score models. Results: In women, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in Hargeisa compared to Oslo (p < 0.001), whereas no significant differences were seen in men. The ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly higher in Hargeisa compared to Oslo among both men (4.4 versus 3.9, p = 0.001) and women (4.1 versus 3.3, p < 0.001). Compared to women, men had higher Framingham risk scores, but there were no significant differences in Framingham risk scores between Somalis in Oslo and Hargeisa. Conclusion: In spite of the high body mass index (BMI) in Oslo, most CVD risk factors were higher among Somali women living in Hargeisa compared to those in Oslo, with similar patterns suggested in men. However, the predicted CVD risks based on Framingham models were not different between the locations.

scholarly journals Association of Hypertension and its risk factor in Type II diabetes mellitus patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Seema Singh ◽  
Nitin Ranjan Gupta ◽  
Syed Tahseen Raza ◽  
Avadh Kapoor ◽  
Pooja Singh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitor ◽  
Pressure Monitor ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: There are few reports in India about the correlation of hypertension, its risk factors and its relationship with type II diabetes. Several studies have shown that Type II diabetes in India is increasingly widespread. Aims and Objective: The main purpose of this research is to determine the association between hypertension and type II mellitus diabetes. Materials and Methods: The Department of Physiology, Era Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow and the Department of Internal Medicine, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sitapur, performed a cross-sectional study on 520 patients with type II diabetes. The structured questionnaire was prepared to collect history of hypertension, social and demographical parameters and diabetes duration. A trained staff has measured anthropometric data like height, weight and also took blood pressure by digital blood pressure monitor (CITIZEN-CH-432). Results: This study indicated a significant (p<0.001) relationship between BMI and hypertension in diabetes mellitus II patients. This study has also shown significant relationship between physical activity and hypertension in diabetes mellitus patients. The logistic regression study demonstrated that hypertension in diabetes mellitus patients has been positively associated with age (p<10-4) sensitivity level (p<10-3) and period of diabetes (p<10-2). Conclusion: Hypertension is a common issue among diabetic Indians. This research focused primarily on the association of hypertension and its related risk factors in patients with diabetes. The study showed that hypertension in diabetic patients is associated with age, physical activity, awareness level and BMI. More studies on larger sample sizes are needed to validate the current findings.

scholarly journals High-intensity activity is more strongly associated with metabolic health in children compared to sedentary time: a cross-sectional study of the I.Family cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan Fridolfsson ◽  
Christoph Buck ◽  
Monica Hunsberger ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
Fabio Lauria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) during childhood is important for preventing future metabolic syndrome (MetS). To examine the relationship between PA and MetS in more detail, accurate measures of PA are needed. Previous studies have only utilized a small part of the information available from accelerometer measured PA. This study investigated the association between measured PA and MetS in children with a new method for data processing and analyses that enable more detailed interpretation of PA intensity level. Methods The association between PA pattern and risk factors related to MetS was investigated in a cross- sectional sample of children (n = 2592, mean age 10.9 years, 49.4% male) participating in the European multicenter I. Family study. The risk factors examined include body mass index, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance and a combined risk factor score (MetS score). PA was measured by triaxial accelerometers and raw data was processed using the 10 Hz frequency extended method (FEM). The PA output was divided into an intensity spectrum and the association with MetS risk factors was analyzed by partial least squares regression. Results PA patterns differed between the European countries investigated, with Swedish children being most active and Italian children least active. Moderate intensity physical activity was associated with lower insulin resistance (R2 = 2.8%), while vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with lower body mass index (R2 = 3.6%), MetS score (R2 = 3.1%) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (R2 = 2.3%). PA of all intensities was associated with lower systolic- and diastolic blood pressure, although the associations were weaker than for the other risk factors (R2 = 1.5% and R2 = 1.4%). However, the multivariate analysis implies that the entire PA pattern must be considered. The main difference in PA was observed between normal weight and overweight children. Conclusions The present study suggests a greater importance of more PA corresponding to an intensity of at least brisk walking with inclusion of high-intense exercise, rather than a limited time spent sedentary, in the association to metabolic health in children. The methods of data processing and statistical analysis enabled accurate analysis and interpretation of the health benefits of high intensity PA that have not been shown previously.

scholarly journals Serum alanine aminotransferase activity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Caucasian population: the Tromsø study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Ivar Bekkelund
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase

Abstract Background High and low levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are both associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risks especially in elderly, but the mechanisms are less known. This study investigated associations between ALT and CVD risk factors including effects of sex and age in a Caucasian population. Methods Cross-sectional data were analysed sex-stratified in 2555 men (mean age 60.4 years) and 2858 women (mean age 60.0 years) from the population study Tromsø 6. Associations were assessed by variance analysis and multivariable logistic regression of odds to have abnormal ALT. Risk factors included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip-ratio, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, glycated haemoglobin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP). Results Abnormal elevated ALT was detected in 113 men (4.4%) and 188 women (6.6%). Most CVD risk factors associated positively with ALT in both sexes except systolic blood pressure and CRP (women only), while ALT was positively associated with age in men when adjusted for CVD risk factors, P < 0.001. BMI predicted ALT in men (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.88–1.00, P = 0.047) and women (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.86–0.95, P < 0.001). A linear inversed association between age and ALT in men and a non-linear inversed U-trend in women with maximum level between 60 and 64 years were found. Conclusion This study confirms a positive relationship between ALT and CVD risk factors, particularly BMI. Age is not a major confounder in the ALT-CVD relationship, but separate sex-analyses is recommended in such studies.

scholarly journals Association between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Thyroid Hormones in Euthyroid Diabetic Subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Quanzhong Li ◽  
Ping Lu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Biomedical Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Males

Objectives. The concept now emerging is that higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and lower thyroid hormone levels within the euthyroid range may adversely affect atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to investigate the potential associations between thyroid parameters and hyperhomocysteinaemia in a cohort of euthyroid diabetic subjects.Material and Methods. Two hundred and seventy-three euthyroid diabetic subjects (167 males and 106 females) were consecutively recruited in this cross-sectional study. Clinical and biomedical data was collected.Results. TSH level was higher in females than males. Compared to normal-homocysteine group, hyperhomocysteinaemia group was more likely to be elderly, males, with longer diabetes history, and with lower diastolic blood pressure. Free thyroxine (FT4) level was lower in hyperhomocysteinaemia group than in normal-homocysteine group; however, it was not statistically significant. Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride in logistic regression analyses, hyperhomocysteinaemia was significantly correlated with FT4 (P=0.021). No significant association was found with TSH or free triiodothyronine. When analyzed in subjects with TSH < 2.5 uIU/mL separately, we got similar results.Conclusions. In conclusion, we identified a relation between hyperhomocysteinemia and FT4 in a group of euthyroid diabetic patients.

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