scholarly journals Diagênese de Arenitos do Grupo Bauru no Estado de São Paulo

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Regina Stradioto ◽  
Hung Kiang Chang

In the state of São Paulo, the Bauru Group units cover about 47% of the territory, constituting an aquifer of great interest, in particular for public watersupply. In this study, core samples were taken for petrographic and diagenetic characterization of different units, seeking to improve the knowledge of the Bauru Aquifer System. The samples were submitted to analysis by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The units of this aquifer system are mostly subarkoses (67% of the samples), except the Marilia Formation, which is composed of sublitharenite and quartzarenite. These sandstones were submitted to shallow and low-intensity diagenesis. The main diagenetic phases identified were dissolution of the detrital minerals, notably feldspar and pyroxene, neoformation of clay minerals, iron oxi-hydroxide, calcite and analcime. Locally there is precipitation of quartz, feldspar and titanium oxide.

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo José Cordeiro Santos ◽  
Janine Berrier ◽  
Michel Grimaldi ◽  
Selma Simões De Castro

Diversos autores têm ressaltado, nos seus trabalhos de pesquisa, uma certa dificuldade na identificação de revestimentos argilosos em observações de campo e de laboratório. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a importância da utilização do Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV) na identificação e na caracterização destas feições pedológicas encontradas em Argissolos nas proximidades de Bauru-SP. A área de estudo situa-se no oeste do estado de São Paulo, onde o quadro geológico regional é dominado por rochas sedimentares da Formação Marília, Grupo Bauru (Cretáceo da Bacia do Paraná), associadas aos Latossolos e aos Argissolos. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos no laboratório de Ciência do Solo do INRA/ Rennes (França). Um MEV possibilitou a observação e a caracterização química pontual das amostras. Foram utilizadas lâminas delgadas de solo de pequenas dimensões (4,5 X 7 cm) e pequenos torrões de solo (1 cm 3 ) com estrutura preservada. O MEV mostrou-se uma ferramenta eficaz nos estudos de gênese dos solos. Os resultados revelaram ainda que os revestimentos argilosos encontrados no topo no horizonte Bt dos Argissolos apresentam limite nítido com o fundo matricial, forte birrefringência, microlaminação, além da orientação das argilas paralela à parede dos poros, essas características indicam um processo de iluviação mecânica das argilas. As microanálises efetuadas nos revestimentos argilosos forneceram infor-mações adicionais àquelas obtidas com o estudo micromorfológico, principalmente por mostrar a existência de forte variação dos elementos ao longo das microestratificações. THE USE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) TO RECOGNITION OF CLAY COATINGS Abstract Many authors have been pointing out the difficulties of identification of clay coatings in field and laboratory observations. This work aims at estimating the importance of the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at the characterization and identification of these pedologicals features found in Alfisols in Bauru (SP) region. The studied region is located in the western part of São Paulo State, where the regional geology is dominated by sedimentary rocks from Marília Formation of Bauru Group (Cretaceous period), associated with soils of Alfisol and Oxisol type (figure 1). The studies were developed at the INRA/Rennes Soil Science laboratory. A Phillips XL20 scanning electron microscopy connected to an EDS spectrometer make the observation and punctual chemistry characterization of the samples possible. Soil thin blades of small dimensions (4,5 X 7,0 cm) and small soil lumps (1,0 cm³) with preserved structure were used. The SEM showed to be an effective tool in soils genesis studies. The results showed that the clay coatings found in the chambers porosity from the superior portion of argillic horizon in Alfisols present a clear boundary with the immediately underlying soil materials, strong birrefringence, micro lamination, besides the orientation of the clays parallel to the pores wall, indicating a mechanic illuviation process of the clay (figures 2 to 6). The microanalyses done in clay coatings found in the argillic horizon, gave additional information to those acquired from the micromorphological studies, especially for showing the existence of a strong variation of the oxides elements through the micro laminations (figure 9 and table 1).


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaimahwati Zaimahwati ◽  
Yuniati Yuniati ◽  
Ramzi Jalal ◽  
Syahman Zhafiri ◽  
Yuli Yetri

<p>Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi bentonit alam menjadi nanopartikel montmorillonit. Bentonit alam yang digunakan diambil dari desa Blangdalam, Kecamatan Nisam Kabupaten Aceh Utara.  Proses isolasi meliputi proses pelarutan dengan aquades, ultrasonic dan proses sedimentasi. Untuk mengetahui karakterisasi montmorillonit dilakukan uji FT-IR, X-RD dan uji morfologi permukaan dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Partikel size analyzer untuk menganalisis dan menentukan ukuran nanopartikel dari isolasi bentonit alam. Dari hasil penelitian didapat ukuran nanopartikel montmorillonit hasil isolasi dari bentonit alam diperoleh berdiameter rata-rata 82,15 nm.</p><p><em>In this research we have isolated and characterized natural bentonite into montmorillonite nanoparticles. Natural bentonite used was taken from Blangdalam village, Nisam sub-district, North Aceh district. The isolation process includes dissolving process with aquades, ultrasonic and sedimentation processes.  The characterization of montmorillonite, FT-IR, X-RD and surface morphology test by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Particle size analyzer to analyze and determine the size of nanoparticles from natural bentonite insulation. From the research results obtained the size of montmorillonite nanoparticles isolated from natural bentonite obtained an average diameter of 82.15 nm.</em></p>


Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Ioannis Spanos ◽  
Zacharias Vangelatos ◽  
Costas Grigoropoulos ◽  
Maria Farsari

The need for control of the elastic properties of architected materials has been accentuated due to the advances in modelling and characterization. Among the plethora of unconventional mechanical responses, controlled anisotropy and auxeticity have been promulgated as a new avenue in bioengineering applications. This paper aims to delineate the mechanical performance of characteristic auxetic and anisotropic designs fabricated by multiphoton lithography. Through finite element analysis the distinct responses of representative topologies are conveyed. In addition, nanoindentation experiments observed in-situ through scanning electron microscopy enable the validation of the modeling and the observation of the anisotropic or auxetic phenomena. Our results herald how these categories of architected materials can be investigated at the microscale.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Liu ◽  
Decai Gong ◽  
Zhengquan Yao ◽  
Liangjie Xu ◽  
Zhanyun Zhu ◽  
...  

Abstract Historically, sutras played an important role in spreading Buddhist faith and doctrine, and today these remain important records of Buddhist thought and culture. A Mahamayuri Vidyarajni Sutra with polychrome paintings was found inside the cavity on top of the Nanmen Buddhist pagoda, built in the early Tang dynasty (618–627 CE) and located in Anhui Province, China. Textile was found on the preface which is strongly degraded and fragile. Unfortunately, the whole sutra is under severe degradation and is incomplete. Technical analysis based on scientific methods will benefits the conservation of the sutra. Optical microscopy (OM), micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with optical microscope (Raman), scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the pigment and gilded material, as well as the paper fiber and textile. Pigments such as cinnabar, minium, paratacamite, azurite, lead white were found. Gilded material was identified as gold. A five-heddle warp satin, made of silk, was found as the textile on the preface of the sutra. The sutra’s preface and inner pages were made of paper comprised of bamboo and bark. As a magnificent yet recondite treasure of Buddhism, the sutra was analyzed for a better understanding of the material. A conservation project of the sutra will be scheduled accordingly.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Paul Monchot ◽  
Loïc Coquelin ◽  
Khaled Guerroudj ◽  
Nicolas Feltin ◽  
Alexandra Delvallée ◽  
...  

The size characterization of particles present in the form of agglomerates in images measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) requires a powerful image segmentation tool in order to properly define the boundaries of each particle. In this work, we propose to use an algorithm from the deep statistical learning community, the Mask-RCNN, coupled with transfer learning to overcome the problem of generalization of the commonly used image processing methods such as watershed or active contour. Indeed, the adjustment of the parameters of these algorithms is almost systematically necessary and slows down the automation of the processing chain. The Mask-RCNN is adapted here to the case study and we present results obtained on titanium dioxide samples (non-spherical particles) with a level of performance evaluated by different metrics such as the DICE coefficient, which reaches an average value of 0.95 on the test images.


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