Modelling Effect of Toxic Metal on the Individual Plant Growth: A Two Compartment Model

A two compartment mathematical model for the individual plant growth under the stress of toxic metal is studied. In the model it is assumed that the uptake of toxic metal by the plant is through root compartment. The toxic metal present in the soil interfere with the uptake and distribution of essential nutrients in plant causing decrease in the nutrient uptake eventually damaging the root structure. In the model it is further assumed that the resistance to nutrient transport from root to shoot compartment increases and nutrient use efficiency decreases due to the presence of toxic metal. In order to visualize the effect of toxic metal on plant growth, we have studied two models, that is, model for plant growth with no toxic effect and model for plant growth with toxic effect. From the analysis of the models the criteria for plant growth with and without toxic effects are derived. The numerical simulation is done using Matlab to support the analytical results.

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Evaluation of Individual Plant Growth Estimation in an Intercropping Field with UAV Imagery

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture12010102 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 102

Author(s):

Norazlida Jamil ◽

Gert Kootstra ◽

Lammert Kooistra

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Height ◽

Digital Terrain Model ◽

Ground Truth ◽

Growing Season ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Surface Model ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Automatic Assessment ◽

The Individual

Agriculture practices in monocropping need to become more sustainable and one of the ways to achieve this is to reintroduce intercropping. However, quantitative data to evaluate plant growth in intercropping systems are still lacking. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have the potential to become a state-of-the-art technique for the automatic estimation of plant growth. Individual plant height is an important trait attribute for field investigation as it can be used to derive information on crop growth throughout the growing season. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of UAV-based RGB imagery combined with the structure from motion (SfM) method for estimating the individual plants height of cabbage, pumpkin, barley, and wheat in an intercropping field during a complete growing season under varying conditions. Additionally, the effect of different percentiles and buffer sizes on the relationship between UAV-estimated plant height and ground truth plant height was examined. A crop height model (CHM) was calculated as the difference between the digital surface model (DSM) and the digital terrain model (DTM). The results showed that the overall correlation coefficient (R2) values of UAV-estimated and ground truth individual plant heights for cabbage, pumpkin, barley, and wheat were 0.86, 0.94, 0.36, and 0.49, respectively, with overall root mean square error (RMSE) values of 6.75 cm, 6.99 cm, 14.16 cm, and 22.04 cm, respectively. More detailed analysis was performed up to the individual plant level. This study suggests that UAV imagery can provide a reliable and automatic assessment of individual plant heights for cabbage and pumpkin plants in intercropping but cannot be considered yet as an alternative approach for barley and wheat.

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Influence of stable iodine on the uptake of the thyroid – model vs. experiment

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1623989 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 40 (01) ◽

pp. 31-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

U. Wellner ◽

E. Voth ◽

H. Schicha ◽

K. Weber

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Compartment Model ◽

The Body ◽

Iodine Uptake ◽

Model Calculations ◽

Physiological Conditions ◽

Iodine Supply ◽

Predicted Values ◽

The Individual ◽

Stable Iodine

Summary Aim: The influence of physiological and pharmacological amounts of iodine on the uptake of radioiodine in the thyroid was examined in a 4-compartment model. This model allows equations to be derived describing the distribution of tracer iodine as a function of time. The aim of the study was to compare the predictions of the model with experimental data. Methods: Five euthyroid persons received stable iodine (200 μg, 10 mg). 1-123-uptake into the thyroid was measured with the Nal (Tl)-detector of a body counter under physiological conditions and after application of each dose of additional iodine. Actual measurements and predicted values were compared, taking into account the individual iodine supply as estimated from the thyroid uptake under physiological conditions and data from the literature. Results: Thyroid iodine uptake decreased from 80% under physiological conditions to 50% in individuals with very low iodine supply (15 μg/d) (n = 2). The uptake calculated from the model was 36%. Iodine uptake into the thyroid did not decrease in individuals with typical iodine supply, i.e. for Cologne 65-85 μg/d (n = 3). After application of 10 mg of stable iodine, uptake into the thyroid decreased in all individuals to about 5%, in accordance with the model calculations. Conclusion: Comparison of theoretical predictions with the measured values demonstrated that the model tested is well suited for describing the time course of iodine distribution and uptake within the body. It can now be used to study aspects of iodine metabolism relevant to the pharmacological administration of iodine which cannot be investigated experimentally in humans for ethical and technical reasons.

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The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 Transcription Factor Is Involved in the Multiple Stress Tolerance to Heat and Drought in Rice Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22137181 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 7181

Author(s):

Seong-Im Park ◽

Hyeok Jin Kwon ◽

Mi Hyeon Cho ◽

Ji Sun Song ◽

Beom-Gi Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Tolerance ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Hormone Signaling ◽

Combined Stress ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Individual ◽

Potential Use ◽

Multiple Stress Tolerance

The AP2/EREBP family transcription factors play important roles in a wide range of stress tolerance and hormone signaling. In this study, a heat-inducible rice ERF gene was isolated and functionally characterized. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 was categorized to Group-IIIc of the rice AP2/EREBP family and strongly induced by heat and drought treatment. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 protein targeted to nuclei and suppressed the ABA-induced transcriptional activation of Rab16A promoter in rice protoplasts. Overexpression of OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 enhanced thermotolerance of seeds and vegetative growth stage plants. The OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 overexpressing (OE) plants exhibited higher proline level and increased expression of a proline biosynthesis P5CS1 gene. Phenotyping of water use dynamics of the individual plant indicates that the OsERF115/AP2EREBP110-OE plant exhibited better water saving traits under heat and drought combined stress. Our combined results suggest the potential use of OsERF115/AP2EREBP110 as a candidate gene for genetic engineering approaches to develop heat and drought stress-tolerant crops.

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Two-Compartment Model of Cholesterol Kinetics for Establishment of Treatment Strategy of LDL Apheresis in Nephrotic Hypercholesterolemia

Blood Purification ◽

10.1159/000170180 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 317-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Masatomo Yashiro ◽

Eri Muso ◽

Munehiro Matsushima ◽

Ryoichi Nagura ◽

Kenji Sawanishi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Strategy ◽

Compartment Model ◽

Ldl Apheresis ◽

Two Compartment Model

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Clearance and Non-Invasive Determination of the Hepatic Extraction of Indocyanine Green in Baboons and Man

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0640207 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 207-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

S. L. Grainger ◽

P. W. N. Keeling ◽

I. M. H. Brown ◽

J. H. Marigold ◽

R. P. H. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Indocyanine Green ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Liver Blood Flow ◽

Compartment Model ◽

Hepatic Extraction ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Two Compartment Model ◽

Hepatic Extraction Ratio ◽

Plasma Disappearance Curve

1. The disposition of an intravenous bolus of indocyanine green (ICG) has been studied in healthy man and baboons using a novel analysis of a two compartment pharmacokinetic model. 2. This analysis enabled the hepatic extraction ratio (ER) of dye to be determined solely from the plasma disappearance curve, and the ER determined did not differ from that measured by hepatic vein catheterization. 3. When compared with clearance measured at steady state, the two compartment model gave a significantly more accurate determination of plasma clearance than did the conventional one compartment model. 4. It is concluded that, in health, liver blood flow may be calculated accurately and noninvasively after a single intravenous injection of ICG.

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Consideration of external events in the individual plant examination program

Nuclear Engineering and Design ◽

10.1016/0029-5493(93)90205-n ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 142 (2-3) ◽

pp. 231-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John T. Chen

Keyword(s):

Individual Plant ◽

External Events ◽

The Individual

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Acrolein Reduces Biomass and Seed Production of Potamogeton pectinatus in Irrigation Channels

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-03-101r1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 605-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Diego J. Bentivegna ◽

Osvaldo A. Fernández ◽

María A. Burgos

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Irrigation District ◽

Potamogeton Pectinatus ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Plant Weight ◽

The Third ◽

Irrigation Channels

Chemical weed control with acrolein has been shown to be a lower cost method for reducing submerged plant biomass of sago pondweed in the irrigation district of the Lower Valley of Rio Colorado, Argentina (39°10′S–62°05′W). However, no experimental data exist on the effects of the herbicide on plant growth and its survival structures. Field experiments were conducted during 3 yr to evaluate the effect of acrolein on growth and biomass of sago pondweed and on the source of underground propagules (i.e., rhizomes, tubers, and seeds). Plant biomass samples were collected in irrigation channels before and after several herbicide treatments. The underground propagule bank was evaluated at the end of the third year. Within each treatment, plant biomass was significantly reduced by 40 to 60% in all three study years. Rapid new plant growth occurred after each application; however, it was less vigorous after repeated treatments. At the end of the third year at 3,000 m downstream from the application point, plant biomass at both channels ranged from 34 to 3% of control values. Individual plant weight and height were affected by acrolein treatments, flowering was poor, and seeds did not reach maturity. After 3 yr, acrolein did not reduce the number of tubers. However, they were significantly smaller and lighter. Rhizomes fresh weight decreased by 92%, and seed numbers decreased by 79%. After 3 yr of applications, operational functioning of the channels could be maintained with fewer treatments and lower concentrations of acrolein.

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