scholarly journals The respiration muscles recovery tangent after the breath holding: The study of affirmation of methods of knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Mirko Ostojić ◽  
Đorđe Stefanović
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

The subject of this research is the individual respiration constant calculated based on the respiratory musculature breathing equation. This non-experimental observation conducted on a sample of students from the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education in Belgrade (N=30). The measurement aimed at the acquisition and analysis of the average power of the surface electromyography signal (sEMG) in the protocols before and after prolonged respiratory retention. The results of the research showed that the individual coefficient of control break (Cp) represents a unique characteristic of the respiratory muscles of the subjects. In a relatively trained sample of young people of both sexes, it determined that after holding their breath, until the moment of the so-called "stroke" (progression of respiration to adapt to a stressful situation), recovery time has a linear course and is directly related to the engagement of the monitored respiratory muscles of the subjects, i.e., indirectly the capacity of the individual to assimilate O2 from the inhaled air. In the practical meaning of this research, we emphasize that individual results can be correlated with the equation of respiration of respiratory muscles, to find out and approach the original method for the presented personal respirational constant.

scholarly journals The development of conscious self-regulation of workers of coal industry enterprises as a condition for ensuring the safety of professional activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Stanislavovna Morozova ◽  
Evgeniia Aleksandrovna Medovikova ◽  
Daria Nikolaevna Grinenko ◽  
Anastasiia Evgenevna Kargina
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

The actual problem of our time at the enterprises of the Kuzbass coal industry is the moment of ensuring the psychological security of the employee's personality. Psychological security is a fairly broad concept that includes many components and is exposed to various factors [2]. The aim of the study is to consider the importance of self-regulation of the individual as a condition for ensuring the safety of the subject of professional activity. The following methods and techniques were used in the study: The method "Style of self-regulation of behavior" by V. I. Morosanova; Test "Meaning-life orientations" by D. A. Leontiev; Questionnaire by H. Zachera and M. Freze "Professional time perspective of the future". The research is based on the development and testing of the technology of psychological and pedagogical influence in the form of reflexive seminars, which allows to increase the level of awareness of self-regulation of subjects of professional activity.

scholarly journals Changes in Respiratory Parameters and Fin-Swimming Performance Following a 16-Week Training Period with Intermittent Breath Holding

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileios Stavrou ◽  
Argyris G. Toubekis ◽  
Eleni Karetsi
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training with intermittent breath holding (IBH) on respiratory parameters, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and performance. Twenty-eight fin-swimming athletes were randomly divided into two groups and followed the same training for 16 weeks. About 40% of the distance of each session was performed with self-selected breathing frequency (SBF group) or IBH (IBH group). Performance time of 50 and 400 m at maximum intensity was recorded and forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and SpO2 were measured before and after the 50 m test at baseline and post-training. Posttraining, the respiratory parameters were increased in the IBH but remained unchanged in the SBF group (FEV1: 17 ±15% vs. -1 ±11%; FVC: 22 ±13% vs. 1 ±10%; PEF: 9 ±14% vs. -4 ±15%; p<0.05). Pre compared to post-training SpO2 was unchanged at baseline and decreased post-training following the 50 m test in both groups (p<0.05). The reduction was higher in the IBH compared to the SBF group (p<0.05). Performance in the 50 and 400 m tests improved in both groups, however, the improvement was greater in the IBH compared to the SBF group in both 50 and 400 m tests (p<0.05). The use of IBH is likely to enhance the load on the respiratory muscles, thus, contributing to improvement of the respiratory parameters. Decreased SpO2 after IBH is likely due to adaptation to hypoventilation. IBH favours performance improvement at 50 and 400 m fin-swimming.

scholarly journals Trauma from abuse, suggestibility and EMDR

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Romana Ficorilli
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Face ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

One of the most complete definitions of Trauma describes it as an "extreme, unsustainable and inevitable threatening experience, in the face of which the individual experiences a sense of helplessness", an event outside the range of usual human experiences, which overwhelm the normal human capacity for adaptation. A modern and current understanding of the concept of Trauma occurs with Bowlby, which places it for the first time in a "relational" context. He argues that the way people react in adverse life situations, particularly to a traumatic event, depends on the type of attachment that has been established between the child and his attachment figures (AFs). The concept of "child abuse and neglect" includes different forms of violence against children, ranging from verbal abuse to rape. Law 66 of 15 February 1996 introduced specific rules on child sexual abuse, in particular the way of listening to children in order to collect good testimony. The theory that today represents the point of reference for most research on the accuracy of memory in testimony, considers memory a "reconstructive" process, and is the result of the interaction between interpretation that is given by the subject in the coding phase, recovery of clues based on the general knowledge possessed by the subject and the context in which it is in the moment in which it must remember. Loftus' studies on false memories affirm that eye witnessing, however bona fide it may be, can be completely unreliable because there are many distortions of memory. The problem of suggestibility in memory is not so much that the momentary account can be modified, but that a distortion of the original episode of what is represented in memory of the event in question takes place, which, from that moment on, will be irreversibly modified. The therapeutic crisis support is the first phase of the therapeutic work following the abuse and has as its privileged recipients the victim and the adult who takes care of them. Currently, a trauma-focused therapy such as EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), an evidence-based psychotherapy approach, is used, recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the elective therapy for the treatment of PTSD and several psychopathologies related to traumatic events, including sexual abuse. Not only because the victims of abuse could in turn perpetrate the cycle of abuse, but also so that victimisation is not considered an unchangeable characteristic of the person.

Is alveolar carbon monoxide an unreliable index of carboxyhaemoglobin changes during smoking in man?

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Guyatt ◽  
Andrew J. T. Kirkham ◽  
Derek C. Mariner ◽  
Gordon Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Transient Change ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Co Gas

1. We measured alveolar carbon monoxide (CO) after a 20 s breath-holding period and carboxyhaemoglobin both before and after smoking a cigarette on 500 occasions (101 individuals). The two measurements were closely correlated but there was a marked difference in the change or ‘boost’ after smoking one cigarette. The mean relative boosts ([post value—pre value]/[pre + post]/2) for alveolar CO and carboxyhaemoglobin were 7.7% and 20.3%, while negative boosts (fall rather than the expected rise) were seen in 103 of 500 and three of 500 occasions respectively. In 140 studies a third alveolar CO reading taken 5 min later was slightly larger, but the difference was insignificant. 2. In seven subjects where the carboxyhaemoglobin level was raised by breathing a 2% CO gas mixture, the alveolar CO and carboxyhaemglobin boosts were similar (71.7% and 75.2% respectively), and they fell sharply subsequently rather than increasing further as occurred after smoking. 3. We conclude that alveolar CO measurements give a useful estimate of carboxyhaemoglobin level if the subject has not smoked for at least half an hour but that measurements of alveolar CO boost are useless since the act of smoking interferes with alveolar sampling. We postulate that cigarette smoking induces a transient change in pulmonary gas exchange.

scholarly journals Renal Association Clinical Practice Guideline on Haemodialysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Ashby ◽  
Natalie Borman ◽  
James Burton ◽  
Richard Corbett ◽  
Andrew Davenport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
National Level ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
List Type ◽  
Fluid Removal ◽  
Home Haemodialysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Abstract This guideline is written primarily for doctors and nurses working in dialysis units and related areas of medicine in the UK, and is an update of a previous version written in 2009. It aims to provide guidance on how to look after patients and how to run dialysis units, and provides standards which units should in general aim to achieve. We would not advise patients to interpret the guideline as a rulebook, but perhaps to answer the question: “what does good quality haemodialysis look like?” The guideline is split into sections: each begins with a few statements which are graded by strength (1 is a firm recommendation, 2 is more like a sensible suggestion), and the type of research available to back up the statement, ranging from A (good quality trials so we are pretty sure this is right) to D (more like the opinion of experts than known for sure). After the statements there is a short summary explaining why we think this, often including a discussion of some of the most helpful research. There is then a list of the most important medical articles so that you can read further if you want to – most of this is freely available online, at least in summary form. A few notes on the individual sections: This section is about how much dialysis a patient should have. The effectiveness of dialysis varies between patients because of differences in body size and age etc., so different people need different amounts, and this section gives guidance on what defines “enough” dialysis and how to make sure each person is getting that. Quite a bit of this section is very technical, for example, the term “eKt/V” is often used: this is a calculation based on blood tests before and after dialysis, which measures the effectiveness of a single dialysis session in a particular patient. This section deals with “non-standard” dialysis, which basically means anything other than 3 times per week. For example, a few people need 4 or more sessions per week to keep healthy, and some people are fine with only 2 sessions per week – this is usually people who are older, or those who have only just started dialysis. Special considerations for children and pregnant patients are also covered here. This section deals with membranes (the type of “filter” used in the dialysis machine) and “HDF” (haemodiafiltration) which is a more complex kind of dialysis which some doctors think is better. Studies are still being done, but at the moment we think it’s as good as but not better than regular dialysis. This section deals with fluid removal during dialysis sessions: how to remove enough fluid without causing cramps and low blood pressure. Amongst other recommendations we advise close collaboration with patients over this. This section deals with dialysate, which is the fluid used to “pull” toxins out of the blood (it is sometimes called the “bath”). The level of things like potassium in the dialysate is important, otherwise too much or too little may be removed. There is a section on dialysate buffer (bicarbonate) and also a section on phosphate, which occasionally needs to be added into the dialysate. This section is about anticoagulation (blood thinning) which is needed to stop the circuit from clotting, but sometimes causes side effects. This section is about certain safety aspects of dialysis, not seeking to replace well-established local protocols, but focussing on just a few where we thought some national-level guidance would be useful. This section draws together a few aspects of dialysis which don’t easily fit elsewhere, and which impact on how dialysis feels to patients, rather than the medical outcome, though of course these are linked. This is where home haemodialysis and exercise are covered. There is an appendix at the end which covers a few aspects in more detail, especially the mathematical ideas. Several aspects of dialysis are not included in this guideline since they are covered elsewhere, often because they are aspects which affect non-dialysis patients too. This includes: anaemia, calcium and bone health, high blood pressure, nutrition, infection control, vascular access, transplant planning, and when dialysis should be started.

scholarly journals POR PROFESSORES E ALUNOS ESPECIAIS: O ESPAÇO DA INDIVIDUALIZAÇÃO.

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Graciele Massoli Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Da Consolação Gomes Cunha Fernandes Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo trazer à luz a questão da individualização no processo de ensino no espaço da Educação Física para portadores de necessidades educacionais especiais. Ressaltamos que é no momento em que se discuti a inclusão dos portadores de deficiência numa sociedade excludente e que caminha para a globalização/ é que emerge a carência de reflexão sobre o indivíduo concreto/ historicamente construído e diluído nas relações que se findam e permeiam o cotidiano. The present rehearsal has as objective to bring to the light the subject of the individualization in the teaching process in the space of the Physical Education for carriers of special educational needs. We stood out that is in the moment in that if l discussed the inclusion of the deficiency carriers in a society excludente and that walks for the globalization it is that the reflection lack emerges on the individual concrete/ historically built and diluted in the relationships that if complete and they permeate the daily.

scholarly journals “WOULD YOU BE SO KIND NOT TO WITHHOLD MY APPLICATION”. THE 1920-S RABFAK STUDENTS' PROBLEMS REFLECTED IN THEIR APPEALS TO THE AUTHORITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
E. S. Studenikina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Student Life ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Student Transfer ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

Workers’ faculties (rabfak) began their work to help the workers and the poorest countrymen in gaining necessary knowledge for admission to higher educational institutions. The article examines the moment of the rabfak establishment from the point of view of students who wrote to the authorities. The analysis of letters helps us trace milestones in students’ lives, such as entering workers’ faculties, studies, graduation, along with the related problems. Most of the letters to the authorities dealt with the students’ personal problems and their involvement into getting proper education, without considering systemic issues, such as inefficient learning in some institutions or the lack of students with a certain specialization. Students’ letters also help us look more closely at the problems of rabfak students, especially since those letters are rarely allocated into individual cases; much more often they are mixed with the appeals of students and/or other citizens to certain authorities. Partially, the topics contained in the letters were the subject of a wide public discussion of the 1920s (overload of educational and social work, difficult living conditions, the need to work additionally, etc.); others concerned the individual situation of a particular student: transfer to another university for family reasons, disappointment in the profession, etc. The letters give an idea not only about the peculiarities of studying at the workers’ faculty, but also about the student life of that time, relations between students, and the perception of the higher education system by young people as well

scholarly journals POR PROFESSORES E ALUNOS ESPECIAIS: O ESPAÇO DA INDIVIDUALIZAÇÃO.

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Graciele Massoli Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Da Consolação Gomes Cunha Fernandes Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo trazer à luz a questão da individualização no processo de ensino no espaço da Educação Física para portadores de necessidades educacionais especiais. Ressaltamos que é no momento em que se discuti a inclusão dos portadores de deficiência numa sociedade excludente e que caminha para a globalização/ é que emerge a carência de reflexão sobre o indivíduo concreto, historicamente construído e diluído nas relações que se findam e permeiam o cotidiano. The present ensay has as objective to bring to the light the subject of the indívidualization in the teaching process in the space of the Physical Education for carriers of special educatíonal needs. We stood out that is in the moment in that if I díscussed the inclusion of the deficiency carriers in a society excludente and that walks for the globalization it is that the reflectíon lack emerges on the individual concrete, historically built and diluted in the relationships that if complete and they permeate the daily.

Ventilatory muscle training and the oxygen cost of sustained hyperpnea

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Bradley ◽  
D. E. Leith
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Oxygen Cost ◽  
Subject Group ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ventilatory Muscles

We measured the oxygen cost of breathing during sustained voluntary normocarbic hyperpnea in 12 subjects (4 endurance trainers, 4 strength trainers, and 4 controls) before and after a 5-wk training program limited to the ventilatory muscles (Leith, D. E., and M. E. Bradley. J. Appl. Physiol. 41: 508–516, 1976). “Steady-state” measurements of oxygen consumption were made at pulmonary ventilations ranging from 103 to 250 l/min. There were marked differences in the relationship between the metabolic cost of breathing and pulmonary ventilations between subjects. Spontaneously chosen respiratory frequencies ranged from 80 to 120 breaths/min and varied widely, even in a given subject, suggesting that the optima for frequency are broad or that optimization was imperfect. The subject group who performed endurance training increased by 19% the level of hyperpnea that they could sustain for 7––15 min, and increased their oxygen consumptions during this hyperpnea by an average of 67%. Following a 15-wk period of detraining, endurance trainers had lost 50% of their gains in the ventilations that they could sustain and in the accompanying oxygen consumptions. We conclude that ventilatory muscle endurance training can appreciably increase the aerobic endurance of the respiratory muscles.

scholarly journals O Entendimento dos Estudantes de Enfermagem Acerca do Processo de Morrer e Morte

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Maria Elizabeth Da Costa Felipe Santiago ◽  
Eliza Mendonça de Carvalho ◽  
Renata De Lima Pessoa
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Private University ◽  
Professional Experiences ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Curricular Practices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

A morte é o fenômeno através do qual é posto fim a vida. Esse cenário remete aos seres humanos comportamentos emocionais diferentes, seja no indivíduo que está morrendo ou em seus familiares. No espaço hospitalar, a morte remove seu aspecto sagrado e de finitude e os profissionais de saúde assumem os cuidados com esse processo. Entretanto, ao contrário do que se possa imaginar, nem sempre esses profissionais estão aptos a lidar com esse processo. Tendo em vista que o profissional da Enfermagem vivencia, diariamente, os conflitos entre a morte e a vida, muitas vezes, este sai despreparado da graduação, receoso com o momento de lidar com essa dualidade. Assim, este estudo tem por objetivo compreender a visão dos acadêmicos de Enfermagem de uma Universidade privada do município de Natal, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, quanto ao entendimento dos mesmos sobre o tema morte e o morrer, trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória com abordagem quantitativa, que foi realizada em uma Universidade Privada do Município de Natal. A população entrevistada foi de 125 alunos do nono e décimo períodos, que responderam a um questionário. Nas respostas, 53% dos acadêmicos entrevistados já presenciaram algum óbito durante as práticas curriculares e 51% afirmam estar preparados para informar notícias difíceis. Em relação a estudar sobre a tanatologia na graduação, 98% dos alunos considera importante. Mediante o estudo, conclui-se  que as respostas obtidas pelos participantes, o resultado foi surpreendente, pois se esperavam respostas negativas a respeito da preparação do graduando quanto à temática, pelo fato de não terem na grade curricular a disciplina tanatologia, e mesmo que as respostas tenham sido intermediárias se retomam as questões com a certeza de que não foi  concluído, visto que as respostas  motivaram para a inquietante discussão sobre o processo de morte e morrer. Palavras-chave: Morrer. Formação. Estudantes de Enfermagem. AbstractDeath is the phenomenon through which life is terminated. This scenario reminds humans of different emotional behaviors, whether in the individual dying or in their family members. In the hospital space, death removes its sacred and finitude aspect  and health professionals take care of this process. However, contrary to what can be imagined, these professionals are not always able to deal with this process. Considering that the Nursing professional experiences daily the conflicts between death and  life, often, the same is not prepared during the undergraduate degree , and are thus  of the moment to deal with this duality. Thus, this study aims to understand the view of Nursing students of a private University of the city of Natal in the state of Rio Grande do Norte regarding their understanding of the subject of death and dying; this is a descriptive research, an exploratory study with a quantitative approach that was carried out at a Private University of the Municipality of Natal. The interviewed population was 125 students from the ninth and tenth periods who answered a questionnaire. In the responses, 53% of the interviewed students had already witnessed death during the curricular practices and 51% said they were prepared to report difficult news. In relation to studying on the tanatology in the undergraduation degree 98% of the students considers important. Through the study, it is concluded that the answers obtained by the participants, the result was surprising, since negative answers were expected regarding the student’s preparation on the subject, because they did not have in the curriculum of tanatology, and even if answers were intermediate, it is returned  to the questions with the certainty that it was not, since the answers motivated the disturbing discussion about the  death and dying process. Keywords: Die. Formation. Nursing students.

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