scholarly journals Bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Republic of Serbia

Napredak ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Vladimir Marić
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Formal Establishment

The text outlines and analyses the relations between India and Serbia from the formal establishment of diplomatic relations in 1948 till the present. The author gives special attention to the political and economic relations between the two countries. In the context of political relations, the author discusses the meetings that took place at the highest level as well as the significance of the Non-Aligned movement. With regard to economic relations, the paper points to the importance of bilateral cooperation that has developed since the establishment of diplomatic relations and has intensified in the past few years, with concrete results being achieved.

scholarly journals Belarus - Azerbaijan Relations (2005-2018): between Economy and Search for Political Support

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-449
Author(s):  
Alexander Dmitrievich Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
Political Support ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Security Treaty ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Decisions

Belarusian-Azerbaijani relations are characterized by quite gradual development. Initially both republics were not seriously interested in each other. As a result, diplomatic relations were not immediately established. This state of practical affairs determined the lack of research interest in the Belarusian-Azerbaijani dialog. Nevertheless, from time to time the BelarusianAzerbaijani relations influence the economic confrontation between Belarus and Russia. Therefore, the study of this issue becomes relevant, as it helps identifying the real state of cooperation, prospects for its development and problems that Belarus and Azerbaijan may face while developing bilateral relations. The key research focus is on studying different areas of Belarusian-Azerbaijani cooperation and on analyzing the way how the practical results of this area cooperation contribute to solving specific problems faced by the Belarusian and Azerbaijani authorities. Analysis and synthesis are the main methods used for achieving the research goals. The study of specific areas of bilateral cooperation - energy, military, economic, political and others will make it possible to understand the crucial importance of each of the areas. Consideration of the problem as a whole on the basis of the analyzed material will allow finding out the reasons of the specific political decisions and actions. As a conclusion, the author assumes that Azerbaijan’s interest in cooperation with Belarus is mostly based on economic and military considerations. Belarus has helped Azerbaijan in establishing a licensed assembly of civilian equipment, and also sells it military equipment, including the most modern, which the Republic possesses. In its turn, Belarus’ interest in Azerbaijan primarily lies on energy and ideological components, which are tightly interlinked. With Azerbaijani energy carriers, Minsk tried to demonstrate to Moscow that the option of replacement for Russian oil was real. In addition, Belarus could get a loan from Azerbaijan to repay its debt to Russia. This gave the Belarusian President a reason to put relations with Azerbaijan higher than with closer allies in the Collective Security Treaty Organization, which caused distrust of Belarus on the part of some of its members.

scholarly journals Polityka Turcji wobec Bałkanów Zachodnich po 2008 roku

Politeja ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (53) ◽  
pp. 127-149
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kopyś
Keyword(s):  
Regional Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Peace ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
Negative Memories

With the disintegration of Yugoslavia, all the balances in the Balkans were altered and the instability that arose from this process reached a level that threatened international peace. The historical ties between the peoples of Turkey and countries of the region have extended until today. There are Turkish minorities and communities as well as kin communities in the Balkan countries on the one hand; whereas there are citizens of Balkan‑origin in Turkey on the other. Turkey aims to initiate a psychological breakthrough in the Balkans to undo the negative memories of the past. At the regional level, Turkey follows three different sets of policies. The first is to develop bilateral relations to the possible highest extent. The second track is the creation of trilateral mechanisms, such as between Turkey, Serbia, and Bosnia; and Turkey, Croatia, and Bosnia‑Herzegovina. The third track aims to achieve region‑wide cooperation efforts and foster economic interdependence to secure the future of the political relations.

scholarly journals Turkey and Greece: Political and Economic Relations within the Conflict Circumstances (1999-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-689
Author(s):  
Alexandra Nikolaevna Atrashkevich
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
The Political ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Constant Increase ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Further Development

The author distinguishes four stages of bilateral relations between Turkey and Greece in 1999-2017: 1) the “thaw” of 1999-2003; 2) the period of the growing cooperation with attempts to resolve the Cyprus issue in 2003-2009; 3) the next one encompassing 2009-2014, when efforts to build a contractual-cum-institutional basis for the expansion of relations took place: 4) and that of worsening the political relations in 2014-2017. After analyzing these phases, the author concludes that during the whole of study period, Ankara and Athens failed to improve their bilateral relations to the point of overcoming negative historical accounts and ethnic stereotypes. Despite the constant increase of the trade volume, at the political level there were a number of problems hindering the intensification of the bilateral dialogue. The main ones are the Cyprus issue and Turkey’s claims on the Greek continental shelf. The solution of these issues is obligatory for the further development of bilateral political relations as well as for the maintenance of the security in the region.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BILATERAL STRATEGIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilufar ROHATALIEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
The Political ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Near Future

This article provides a detailed review of bilateral strategic relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea in the political, economic, trade, cultural and humanitarian spheres. The purpose of this study is to determine the most important areas of bilateral cooperation between countries in the near future, as well as to identify new topical areas of cooperation, taking into account modern realities in the international arena. Based on the results of the work, the author gives recommendations regarding the intensification of bilateral relations, identifying promising areas of cooperation between the countries.

The Portuguese Republic and the People’s Republic of China: Impact and Trends of Economic Diplomacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050003
Author(s):  
Francisco B. S. José Leandro ◽  
Danilo Lemos Henriques
Keyword(s):  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

This paper will examine the interplay and relationship between bilateral diplomatic relations and economic relations through the lens of political factors, examining the concrete case of the Republic of Portugal and the People’s Republic of China. It will consider their common past — the nations’ historical similarities, their common aims and ideological differences, and analyze the alignment and the synergy developed in the modern era in developing common platforms of aims and will, in terms of political agenda-setting, such as through the issue of the status of the territory of Macao and the relationship with Portuguese-speaking countries (PSCs). It further analyzes the past few decades through the signing of diplomatic protocols, engaged bilateral and multilateral economic diplomacies, and growing commerce and trade links to identify the key trends and extrapolate relevant correlations. We examine the progresses in the relationship between the advancement of Sino-Portuguese diplomatic relations and the development of economic interplay post the 1979 period, following the formal establishment of bilateral diplomatic relations. We argue in favor of an existing positive correlation between acts of economic diplomacy and the development of bilateral economic relations. This paper presents a methodological, theoretical-inductive, and constructivist perspective, combining qualitative, quantitative, and non-participated observation.

China’s India Policy: The Importance of Bilateralism— An Appraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalin Surie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
World View ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Positive History ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Bilateral Approach ◽  
History Of

Given the essential positive history of China’s relations with India, China’s world view and the fact of geographical contiguity, the essential approach that China follows vis-à-vis India post 1949 is based on bilateralism. The bilateral approach has defined China’s negotiations over the border as well as economic relations between the two. In the past bilateralism has allowed China to consolidate its control over Tibet and follow a mercantilist economic policy vis- a- vis India. But the change in the geopolitical status of both nations indicates that bilateral relations, after Wuhan, have been reset to represent those between two ‘major powers’ who have broader regional and global interests as well. Although bilateralism will continue to underline their policies towards each other in matters of common development, regional development or the building of a community with a shared future for humanity, China will need to redefine its approach to bilateralism by broadening and deepening it to create a truly mutual relationship.

BELARUS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE WEST: TO THE PROSPECTS OF BILATERAL TIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE UKRAINIAN CRISIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Лаптева ◽  
Yuliya Lapteva ◽  
Слинько ◽  
Aleksandr Slinko ◽  
Узилевский ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
The West ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Negative Factor ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis

The article analyzes some problems affecting the prospects of Russian-Belarusian relations in the context of the Ukrainian crisis. The current international situation also affects the range of possibilities of transformation of the political regime in Belarus. The article analyzes some positions of Western scholars, providing differing views on the nature of the conflict between Russia and the West, as well as the proposed approaches to the development of relations between the West and Belarus. The analysis allows to define the Russian interests in the development of relations with Belarus more clearly. Currently, among the factors that negatively affect the prospects of bilateral relations the authors point out the economic downturn in Russia, deep structural crisis of the Belarusian economy, the objective shortcomings of existing integration institutions. A significant negative factor is the fact that the Ukrainian crisis contributes to the politicization of issues of bilateral cooperation, which introduces complexity in the formation of stable partnerships.

scholarly journals Tech-Enabled Role Model: From Troublesome Past to Herald of Progress

2019 ◽  
pp. 274-289
Author(s):  
Gert Antsu
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The interview describes the state of relations between Ukraine and Estonia through the lens of experience of Gert Antsu, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Estonia to Ukraine. It is mentioned Estonia has been one of the most consistent partners of Ukraine since establishment of diplomatic relations between Estonia and Ukraine, both in the past and recent years before and after the Revolution of Dignity and Russian aggression. Estonia undertakes a moral duty to support a friendly nation in these complex circumstances. However, even close political relations did not prevent damages to the sphere of economy, caused by aggression of the Russian Federation. The article reports the membership of Estonia in the Un Security Council will not bring substantial changes into relations with Ukraine, since they are friendly and close in any case. Estonia is highly interested in support of stable international order, taking into account the small territory of Estonia and frankly low force potential. Estonia is dedicated to a struggle against climate changes, since it faces ever-growing effects of such changes. Ten years ago, Estonia joined the EU Emissions Trading System, and Mr Ambassador participated in those negotiations. The article reports that e-governance is a positive trend among the priorities of policy of Mr Zelenskyi, President of Ukraine. Mr Ambassador has no doubts Estonia can contribute to enhancement of the system ‘Trembita’ that became a successful story of assistance of Estonia and the EU to Ukraine. However, to reveal the project potential in full, Ukraine has to solve several issues where experience of Estonia could be useful. The article also mentions Mr Ambassador studied Ukrainian. It would be hard for him to study it if he were from Belgium, Portugal or Korea and did not understand the peculiarities of the Slavic languages. He has about 30 book in Ukrainian, most of which are fictions. He considers studying of a language as an evident respect to the receiving state and a useful means for establishment of friendly relations with Ukrainian nation. Studying of languages is an integral attribute of a modern person, thus Mr Ambassador has no doubts: his successor will also study Ukrainian. Keywords: Estonia, interstate relations, climate changes, Ukrainian language, economic relations, e-governance.

scholarly journals SANCTIONS: POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FORESHORTENING

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
I. D. Matskulyak ◽  
G. N. Bogacheva ◽  
B. A. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
External Intervention ◽  
Positive Effect

A number of aspects of the change of the political and economic relations, apparent by the sanctions policy of the western states to the Russian Federation and its realization, has been considered. The balance between the liberty, equality and fraternity, the perfect competition and free business, on the one hand, and the competition of smothering, ball and chain, on the other hand, – has been disclosed. It has been substantiated, that the western states seek to substitute the colonial influence in the past for sanctions pressure in our days. It allows them to get not only the competitive advantage, but also to obtain the absolute dictatorship sometimes. The conclusion has been made, that external intervention in the natural course of managing and especially the rough administrative influence never gives a positive effect.

scholarly journals Some aspects of cultural diplomacy in the framework of bilateral cooperation between France and Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
A. Kussainova ◽  
◽  
L. S. Kalibekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World Community ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The World ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Further Development

The article analyzes aspects of cultural diplomacy in the framework of humanitarian cooperation between France and Kazakhstan, their importance in establishing diplomatic relations. Certainly, in the context of globalization, the role of cultural diplomacy is growing, the world has turned into a huge information space, where the interconnection and interdependence of the countries of the world community is evidently. Cultural diplomacy is often a means of establishing and developing relations with other states and peoples, as well as a means of selfexpression and positioning a country in the world arena and in the mass consciousness. The main emphasis in the article is given to the sphere of education and culture, their role is determined as a means of deepening bilateral relations between two countries. The strengths and weaknesses of cooperation in this area, as well as prospects for further development are considered. The growing role of cultural diplomacy between countries as a means of deepening bilateral relations is noted.

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