scholarly journals Socrates' understanding of the task of philosophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Šejla Avdić
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Indelible Mark ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

The article tries to present Socrates' understanding of the task of philosophy step by step with reference to contemporary interpretations. Along the way, an inevitable obstacle is encountered, and that is the problem of the contemporary meanings of Socrates 'philosophy. Socrates did not leave a written trace behind, so we draw knowledge about his philosophy and life from the main testimonies, which are the writings of Aristophanes, Xenophon, Plato and Aristotle. Given our acceptance and affection for certain testimonies, we are moving further and further away from the definition of historical Socrates. The paradox of this distancing, is shown in the fact that Socrates in this way in his mental heritage becomes closer to us as our contemporary. But what cannot be ignored is the fact that Socrates, with his philosophy, left an indelible mark in the development of the whole of philosophical thought and the determinants of modern culture as a whole. The transition from the question of nature to the question of human life, through the introduction of a method aimed at eliminating misconceptions and the possibility of determining the right direction for action, is what makes Socrates one of the most important philosophers and leaves him in today's view of the source of modern thought.

scholarly journals Trauma and Sacrifice in Divided Communities: The Sacralisation of the Victims of Terrorism in Spain

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Eliana Alemán ◽  
José Pérez-Agote
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
The State ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Public Demonstrations ◽  
The Way

This work aims to show that the sacrificial status of the victims of acts of terrorism, such as the 2004 Madrid train bombings (“11-M”) and ETA (Basque Homeland and Liberty) attacks in Spain, is determined by how it is interpreted by the communities affected and the manner in which it is ritually elaborated a posteriori by society and institutionalised by the state. We also explore the way in which the sacralisation of the victim is used in socially and politically divided societies to establish the limits of the pure and the impure in defining the “Us”, which is a subject of dispute. To demonstrate this, we first describe two traumatic events of particular social and political significance (the case of Miguel Ángel Blanco and the 2004 Madrid train bombings). Secondly, we analyse different manifestations of the institutional discourse regarding victims in Spain, examining their representation in legislation, in public demonstrations by associations of victims of terrorism and in commemorative “performances” staged in Spain. We conclude that in societies such as Spain’s, where there exists a polarisation of the definition of the “Us”, the success of cultural and institutional performances oriented towards reparation of the terrorist trauma is precarious. Consequently, the validity of the post-sacrificial narrative centring on the sacred value of human life is ephemeral and thus fails to displace sacrificial narratives in which particularist definitions of the sacred Us predominate.

scholarly journals The Jurisprudence Hadith Analysis of Bribery and It's Impact on Human Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Nuryamin Nuryamin
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

This article discusses the concept of bribery in the perspective of hadith jurisprudence and its impact on human life. By looking at some definitions of bribery, it is found that all definitions give different meanings, goals, and aspects, there are essence of bribery, or which have similarities to them (such as gratification), because bribery is a social phenomenon and has many patterns making it difficult to define definitions the right and limit the meaning. But a definition that explains the meaning of bribery objectively, namely: Giving given to someone (an official) so that the right becomes wrong and wrong becomes right, because it summarizes the essence of bribery practice and is considered a comprehensive definition of all banned aspects of bribery, so let us choose this. In Qur’ān and Ḥadīth, Allah forbade his servant to eat bribery property, because this property was included as part of consuming other people's assets with vanity. Even though bribery is called a variety of terms in daily life, such as facilitation payments, tips, etc., the legal status and prohibition cannot change with these various terms. Bribes also have the potential to create hate conflicts and hostility among members of the community. Because in essence, bribery is only a tool for those who hold policies to oppress the weak. On the other hand, those who surrendered their wealth to the recipients of this bribe gave their assets very forcefully.

scholarly journals Kazus Alecka Bourne’a a konstytucyjne zasady ochrony życia i zdrowia

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
Piotr Szudejko
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function

The article presents the case of Dr. Aleck Bourne, which the author proposes to include in the catalog of borderline cases constituting the basis for in-depth discussions on ethical and legal aspects of human life with regard to the development of biology and medicine. The starting point is the presentation of the worldwide models for regulating the practice of abortion as well as the Polish regulation, together with a discussion on the role of the Constitutional Tribunal in shaping current legal provisions. The author notes that the interpretation of the right to life adopted by the Tribunal encourages the repeal of the indication model and the introduction of a complete ban on abortion, which will have significant consequences for ordinary legislation. Apart from describing the facts in the Bourne case, the strategy adopted by the defense and the sentence itself, the possible further areas of considerations regarding the limits of permissibility of termination of pregnancy have been signaled. Then, the conclusions resulting from legal analysis of the case were transferred to the exegesis of the constitutional principles of the right to life and the right to healthcare. Their constitutional form, interpretation resulting from the rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal and the ordinary legislation have been presented. The author indicates the main terminological deficiencies identified in this respect: the lack of any definition of the beginning of a human being, the existence of two separate criteria for determining death, which could lead to different results and the lack of an unambiguous definition of disease adopted by the legislator. Based on the concepts presented in the case, the right to healthcare has been defined as a legal right resulting from the right to life. The final thesis is that there are no grounds for hierarchizing these rights, as they are intertwined in content and function.

scholarly journals Reflections about abortion limitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 3787-3790
Author(s):  
Andrea Cioffi ◽  
Fernanda Cioffi ◽  
Raffaella Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
American States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clear Solution

Abstract The debate on abortion has not yet found a clear solution. In fact, there is still discussion about what the limits of this procedure should be. This uncertainty is related to the lack of a clear definition of human life: when can the product of conception be defined as a human being with full medical-legal rights? Based on the answer to this question, the various world governments have drafted more or less restrictive laws regulating abortion. Since May 2019, some American states have considerably restricted the possibility of carrying out abortion on their territory. Alabama has practically banned abortion in any circumstance (including incest and rape). Obviously, these restrictive policies have had a significant impact on the social, bioethical and legal debate, concerning abortion, globally. This paper analyses the implications of these policies with a focus on women’s fundamental rights: the right to health and the right to self-determination.

scholarly journals Should Patent Infringement Require Proof of Copying?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lemley
Keyword(s):  
Patent Law ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Patent Infringement ◽  
Important Paper ◽  
Injunctive Relief ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
System Today ◽  
The Way

Patent law gives patent owners not just the right to prevent others fromcopying their ideas, but the power to control the use of their idea even bythose who independently develop a technology with no knowledge of thepatent or the patentee. In an important paper, Samson Vermont challengesthis received wisdom, arguing that independent invention should be adefense to patent infringement, just as it would be in copyright or tradesecret cases.Independent invention has much to recommend it. The most significantproblem facing the patent system today is the rise of so-called "patenttrolls" - entities who do not manufacture products or transfer technology,but wait and assert patents against successful companies who independentlydeveloped and manufactured the technology without knowledge of the patent.An independent invention defense would eliminate the troll problem in onefell swoop. Nonetheless, I have concerns. While I agree with Vermont thatwe can learn a great deal from the fact of independent invention, I am notyet persuaded that we can be sure that an independent invention defensewill have no undue effect on incentives. Complicating this difficultempirical question is the likelihood that the effects of an independentinvention defense would be different in different industries. Further, anindependent invention defense will significantly change any market forpatent rights that might exist or be developing today.In light of this, I suggest four steps we might take that take advantage ofVermont's insights without moving all the way to an independent inventionsystem. First, we should change the definition of willful infringement toexclude independent inventors. Second, we should adopt some form of a prioruser right. Third, we should give simultaneous invention greater credencein determining whether inventions are obvious. Finally, we might considerwhether the defendant independently invented as a factor in decidingwhether to grant injunctive relief and the conditions to impose on suchrelief.

scholarly journals TWO PATHS OF FAITH. ON THE QUESTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL IDEAS OF RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHY OF F.M. DOSTOYEVSKY AND L.N. TOLSTOY

2018 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Lapin ◽  
◽  
Anastasiya Andreevna Stefanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development

The paper deals with consideration of approaches to definition of the phenomenon of religious faith. Modern determination of faith relies on semantics of the term and a number of significant aspects, which historically determined the contents of religious belief understood by representatives of the Russian philosophy. Many ideas raised by fiction gained further development and specification and acted as a powerful impulse of evolution of the Russian philosophical thought. In this work the authors address two most outstanding and authoritative figures of the national imaginative and philosophical thought - F.M. Dostoyevsky and L.N. Tolstoy. Tolstoy recognizes the sense of faith regardless of its object. His faith is “the force of life”, knowledge of sense of human life, and means of finding of this sense. It is completely rational and can choose any, even not religious principle, as an object of faith. For Dostoyevsky, faith is a gift sent from above, otherworldly and independent of human. His belief is irrational; it is valuable in itself and for the sake of itself, as only faith is able to answer the last, “accursed questions”.

scholarly journals MUSIK DAN PEMATANGAN DINI JIWA ANAK

Imaji ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cipto Budy Handoyo
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Bright Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

Music cannot be separated from human life, and it has been attached to people from generation to generation in all periods of time. Therefore, music logically influences human life as the civilization develops both in positive and in negative ways. The negative influences can cause the human beings’ “early maturity”. Commonly, negative influences have the power to affect people more easily, and this also happens in music. Music can easily inspire people, especially the young, in a negative way. For example, when children enjoy a certain kind of music with all its negative performance and style, they will be easily stimulated by what they see. Thus, people generally expect to gain the positive effects from music. In doing so, there is a huge responsibility for us to think about the way music can give positive contributions especially for the young. In this case, we should optimistically guide children to choose the right kinds of music for them so that we can help them develop their mind for their bright future.

scholarly journals Teologiczne korzenie współczesnego kryzysu ojcostwa, płci i rodziny. Na marginesie Promieniowania ojcostwa Karola Wojtyły

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1 Zeszyt specjalny) ◽  
pp. 291-303
Author(s):  
Jarosław Kupczak
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
The Public ◽  
Home Life ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

In no historical era have the topics of sex and gender occupied such space in academic and public debates. Today, an immense number of publications and conferences is devoted to subjects such as sexual differences, the definition of masculinity and femininity, the question whether and to what extent is sex part of nature, and to what extent of culture? These topics, always considered important in the anthropological and ethical fields, benefitted in the public debate from a certain social consensus on obvious and indisputable matters, as did those which were hidden from debate and concerned with that which is private and concerns the secrets of home life. Today, they have lost this double protection. Karol Wojtyła’s drama The Radiance of Fatherhood, written in the 1960s, surprisingly anticipates these contemporary discussions and proposes a philosophical and theological perspective appropriate for Western culture in which it is possible to give the right answers to the questions posed. In this perspective, these basic existential realities for every human being – being a son or daughter, mother or father, man or woman, husband or wife – do not only point to the sphere of human biology, nor are they contractual and subject to modifications. Rather, in the symbolic and sacramental interpretation which is proper to human life, they form the spiritual DNA of any human being from which that which is truly human can develop.

To Obey or Not to Obey? Mencius’ Discourse on the Political Duties of Officials

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-216
Author(s):  
Fang Xudong (方旭东)
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Active Service ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

Mencius’ discourse on officials who could not be summoned by the king reveals that, according to him, no universal definition of a subject’s political duties existed toward his ruler. On the contrary, duties were determined by the subject’s status (i.e., whether he was an official in the bureaucracy) as well as by concrete circumstances (i.e., whether he was on active service or whether the king wanted to see him in order to inquire about the Way). Indeed, from Mencius’ standpoint, context mattered considerably when it came to the question of political duties and in fact, Confucian etiquette always reflected the same spirit of differentiation among status and circumstances. Furthermore, the ministers’ ethics as understood by Mencius appear to be founded on contract, the spirit of which compelled and also conferred the right to any minister with dignity to unilaterally terminate the contract and resign from his post if he found himself unable to carry out successfully his duty or realized that his ruler had no need for his advice.

scholarly journals Constitutional guarantee of the right to health and the practice of medical care: legal positions of the judicial authorities in cases related to cardiovascular pathology

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
S. S. Nesterov ◽  
Е. О. Taratukhin ◽  
G. A. Chasovskykh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

The article discusses a number of situations related medical and constitutional aspects of cardiovascular medical care. The ability to prevent the negative consequences caused by diseases is not only a task of medicine as a scientific and practical field, but also a task of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Article 41 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes the protection of human life and health as one of the main tasks of the state. Medical and civil aspects of the methods for preventing diseases and its consequences are shown. An integrated approach to the analysis of this problem contributes not only to the systematization of knowledge and experience in this field, but also helps to implement the definition of health of the World Health Organization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document