scholarly journals Properties and groundwater level of humogley soil of southern Bačka

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Saša Pekeč ◽  
Marina Milović ◽  
Velisav Karaklić
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Low Sodium

The paper examines hydromorphic soils from the class of gley soils, soil type humogley. The examined soils are located in the protected part of the inundation of the middle course of the Danube. According to the chemical properties of the examined soils, the pH value ranges from 7,64 to 8,15 on average, and with depth there is an increase in alkalinity. The total salts of the examined soils had increased values in the humus horizon and ranged from 0,06 to 0,09%. The texture classes of the humus horizon of these soils are: clay loam to sandy clay loam, while the lower sub-horizons of the gley are textural classes of sandy loam, loamy sand and sand. The influence of the Danube water level on the groundwater level results in high correlation coefficients, which range from 0,67 to 0,88. The groundwater in these soils had the highest level from 28 cm to 70 cm depth, and the lowest level was from 110 to 175 cm deep. The amplitude of groundwater variation during the year in the examined humogley soils ranges from 66 to 132 cm. Groundwater quality classes according to U.S. Salinity Laboratories are unfavorable and range from C3S1 to C4S1, ie salt to very salty water with low sodium content, and according to the FAO classification the water quality is such that there is a moderate need for restriction. High groundwater level above the critical level, as well as watering the soil with water of this quality can have an impact on salinization of the surface horizon of humogley soil of the examined area.

scholarly journals Influence of wood-derived biochar on the physico-mechanical and chemical characteristics of agricultural soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S.F. Ahmed ◽  
Vijaya Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Specific Influence ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractAmendment of soil with biochar has been shown to enhance fertility and increase crop productivity, but the specific influence of biochar on soil workability remains unclear. Select physico-mechanical and chemical properties of clay loam and sandy loam soils were measured after amendment with wood-derived biochar of two particle size ranges (0.5-425 and 425-850 µm) at five dosages ranging from 0.5 to 10% dry weight. Whereas the clay loam soil workability decreased when the finer wood-derived biochar was applied at rates of 6 or 10%, soil fertility was not enhanced. The sandy loam soil, due to Proctor compaction, significantly decreased in bulk density with 6 and 10% wood-derived biochar amendments indicating higher soil resistance to compaction.

scholarly journals Saline water irrigation in semiarid region: I – effects on soil chemical properties

2019 ◽  
pp. 1169-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Guilherme Medeiros Pessoa ◽  
Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos Freire ◽  
Renato Lemos dos Santos ◽  
Fernando José Freire ◽  
Márcio Fléquisson Alves Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam

The use of saline water for crop irrigation is a commonly adopted practice among the farmers in the semiarid regions around the world, but the magnitude of soil salinization resulting from the use of these waters is currently insufficiently understood. This work aims to evaluate the chemical attribute changes of two Fluvisols cultivated with onion and subjected to irrigation with increasing levels of salinity, expressed by electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Sandy loam and silty clay loam soils were irrigated with three different levels of saline waters with electrical conductivity (EC - 200, 700 and 2,000 μS cm-1) and six levels of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR - 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 (mmolc L-1)0.5). Thus, the experiment consisted of a complete factorial arrangement 2 x 3 x 6 (two soils, three EC levels and six SAR levels), in four replicates. The soils were cultivated with onion and pH levels of the soil were measured at 90 days after transplanting, as were the contents of exchangeable and soluble cations. ESP and SAR values were then calculated. This study revealed that the use of water with salinity at or above 700 μS cm-1 is capable of promoting changes in the chemical properties of soils and the continuous use of irrigation water with high EC and high SAR values may promote salinization and sodification of Fluvisols in a semiarid environment. These changes were found to be more severe in silty clay loam soils than in sandy loam soils.

scholarly journals PHYSIO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TIDAL FLATS SEDIMENTS IN IRAQI COASTLINE, NORTHWEST OF ARABIAN GULF

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2E) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Dounia Al-khuzaie
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
The Impact

The quantitative and qualitative physic-chemical properties considered in more than 15 geographical sites were selected along the Iraqi coastline. The grain size analysis and the EC, pH, TDS, K, Na, Mg, Ca, HCO3, Cl, SO4 were estimated in the sediments sample. Three types of soil textures dominate which are sandy clay, sandy clay loam and clay loam were observed in the present study. The results show that the pH value ranges from7.67-8.19, EC (23-68.45 dS/m), TDS (14720-43808 ppm), Na (6388-20746 ppm), K (73.225-211.875ppm), Ca (306.25-537.5 ppm), Mg (675-2475ppm), Cl (6160-18350 ppm), SO4 (1680-4080 ppm), HCO3 (93.75-225 ppm), SAR (37.61-107.95). The analytical results for the surface samples presented the impact of both solodization and salinization processes. They are shown from the high values of EC and domination of Na in the exchangeable complex. The ions occur in the following concentration order: Na > Mg > Ca > K and Cl > SO4 > HCO3.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties, spreadability and consumer acceptance of low-sodium cream cheese

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27
Author(s):  
Mirela Lučan ◽  
Jasmina Lukinac Čačić ◽  
Marko Jukić ◽  
Helena Tomić Obrdalj ◽  
Davorka Gajari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Sodium Reduction ◽  
Salt Mixture ◽  
Cream Cheese ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Chemical Attributes

The present study was performed to investigate the possibility of sodium reduction in cream cheese by partial reduction and substitution of sodium by potassium based salt. Four salt treatment were selected by preliminary study: 100 % NaCl (control), NaCl reduced to 65 % (T1), 35 % of NaCl substituted by KCl (T2), and KCl-based salt mixture Salut® which contains offflavours masking compound (T3). The study was evaluated physico-chemical attributes, colour, spreadability, sensory acceptance, as well as level of intensity of specific attributes of low-sodium cream cheese. Sodium reduction not influenced on the protein, fat and moisture content, water activity, acidity and the colour of cream cheese (P>0.05). However, sodium reduction significantly influenced to mineral composition, spreadability and sensory properties. The use of potassium salt substitutes significantly increased the value of K:Na ratio. Cheese containing commercial salt replacer Salut® had the closest hedonic score to control cheese compared to other replacers. The current research demonstrates that sodium content can be reduced by 35 % in cream cheese using a nutritionally valuable potassium-based salt mixture, without compromising the consumer acceptance.

scholarly journals Effect of altitudinal variation on the soil characteristics in sal (Shorea robusta gaertn.) forests of eastern Nepal

Our Nature ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Tej Narayan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Sal Forest

Physico-chemical properties of forest soil depends on a variety of natural factors, the most important are variation in altitude, vegetation cover and microbial activities. The present study was conducted to understand the effect of variation in altitude in the soil characteristics in Tarai Sal forest (TSF) and Hill Sal forest (HSF), of eastern Nepal. Soil samples were collected from thirty plots randomly in each forest from 0- 15cm and 15-30cm depths in May 2012. Both forests had sandy loam type of soil texture. However, the percentage composition of soil particles varies within the forest sites. Soil moisture was higher in TSF. It was maximum in the rainy season in both forests. Water holding capacity was slightly higher in TSF. Bulk density was higher in TSF and it increased with soil depth in both forests. The pH value was slightly higher in HSF than TSF however, the value increased in lower soil depth in both forest stands. In the upper soil layer (0-15cm) soil organic carbon (SOC) was higher in HSF (2.09%) than TSF (1.6%). Similarly, total nitrogen (TN) was also higher in HSF (0.173%) than in TSF (0.129%) while total phosphorus (TP) was more or less same in both forest stands. The potassium (K) a soil extractable nutrient also showed higher value in HSF (312.13 µg g-1) than TSF (238.47 µg g-1). The values of SOC, TN, TP and K decreased in lower depth (15-30cm) in both forest stands. In conclusion, variation in altitude causes difference in the microclimatic condition which resulted into the alternation in soil characteristics. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. 

scholarly journals Soil Fertility Evaluation of Major Cocoa Producing Areas of Cross River State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Kekong ◽  
Utietiang L. Undie
Keyword(s):  
Critical Level ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Laboratory Procedures

Assessment of soil textures and fertility properties of major cocoa producing areas of Cross River State of Nigeria was carried out to ascertain their suitability for cocoa production. Thirty six (36) representative soil samples were collected between November 2016 and January 2017 from 18 selected cocoa farms in Boki, Ikom and Etung and analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. Result indicated textural classes of loamy sand, sandy loam sandy clay loam, sandy clay and clay loam soils in the cocoa farms with a mean clay 30.02 percent, silt 13.49% and sand 56.43 the result of the fertility properties of the soils show means in the ranges of pH (5,31-5.64), EC (0.021-0.023 ds/m), OM (2.81-3.36%)TN (0.07-0.09%), AV.P (2.82-5.92 mg/kg), exch Mg (1.47-200 cmol/kg) exchange Na (0.05-0.06 cmol/kg) ECEC (6.73-8.94 cmol/kg) BS (77.25-82.70%). In this study area base saturation, exchangeable calcium and magnesium and total nitrogen were adequate within recommended limit. Available phosphorus, potassium, organic matter electrical conductivity and effective cation exchange capacity were below the critical level. A guarded application of appropriate fertilizers in this cocoa growing area is recommended for sustainable yield of cocoa in quantity and quality.

Effect of sugarcane monocropping on soil physical and chemical properties in texturally varied soils

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rama Lakshmi ◽  
T. Sreelatha ◽  
K. Veerabhadrarao ◽  
N. Venugopalarao
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Soil Fertility Status ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The present study was formulated to study the effect of sugarcane monocropping on soil physical and chemical properties of different textural classess of popular sugarcane growing areas of Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh. Results revealed that soil physical properties under monocropping were negatively influenced with increasing frequency of ratooning in all the textural classes. However more influence was observed under clay loam soils compared to sandy loams. The data on soil fertility status in different ratoons indicated that the available macro nutrient status and soil organic carbon content was higher in all the surface soils compared to subsurface soils and it was the highest in clay loam soils followed by red loam and sandy loams soils. With in different textural classes, clay loam soils exhibited the highest micronutrient status followed by red loams and sandy loam soils.

scholarly journals Impacts of sodium chloride reduction in tomato soup system using potassium chloride and amino acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Akgün ◽  
Seda Genc ◽  
Qiaofen Cheng ◽  
Özlem Isik
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Tomato Soup ◽  
Salt Formulation

Five different salt mixtures were prepared for the aim of lowering the sodium content of tomato soup and effects of using these mixtures on sensory, rheological, microbiological and physico-chemical properties of the final products were evaluated. The results showed that the use of salt substitutes did not affect flow behaviour of soup samples. Sensory profiling revealed that any group could not manage to reach the same saltiness level with the regular salt tomato soup (reference); nevertheless, tomato soups with salt formulation D (60% NaCl, 28% KCl, 6% l-lysine hydrochloride and 6% l-glutamic acid) and E (60% NaCl, 28% KCl and 12% l-glutamic acid) had the most similar sensory evaluation with the reference. No differences were observed among groups in terms of a<sub>w</sub> (P &gt; 0.05). On the other hand, the lowest average pH value and the highest aerobic mesophilic counts (87 CFU/g) were observed in the soup with salt formulation E (P &lt; 0.05). The findings suggest that the partial replacement of 40% sodium chloride (NaCl) by 28% potassium chloride (KCl), 6% l-lysine hydrochloride and 6% l-glutamic acid (salt formulation D) seems an alternative approach for reducing the sodium content of tomato soups although it may cause a bit decrease in saltiness and an increase in the number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (68 CFU/g).

scholarly journals Soil Physico-chemical Properties at Different Habitat Types in Disturbed and Undisturbed Sites of the Takamanda Rainforest, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Egbe Enow Andrew ◽  
Njoh Roland Ndah ◽  
Eneke Bechem ◽  
Celestine Fonyikeh-Bomboh Lucha
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Undisturbed Forest

Soil fertility in tropical forest ecosystems is achieved by high and rapid circulation of nutrients, through nutrient cycling which is a function of climate variability. Decomposition is a key process in nutrient cycling and the formation of soil organic carbon. This study examines the physico-chemical properties of soils in different habitat types in the disturbed and undisturbed Takamanda rainforest.  A total of 180 soil samples were collected from the different habitat types of the two forest sites. At each of the sites, soil samples were collected from the ridge tops (crest of a ridge), hilly slopes (side of a ridge), plains (low land), swamps (low land area saturated with water) and valley bottoms (trough surrounded by ridges). Soil samples were collected at 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm, 40-50 cm and 50-60 cm soil depths. The results indicated that the bulk densities were highest in the habitats of hilly slope (1.43±0.35) and ridge top (1.21±0.11) in the disturbed and undisturbed forest respectively. The soil porosity was highest (73±50) in plain and valley bottoms (72±60) in the undisturbed forest. The electrical conductivity was highest (58.83±80, 57.00±4.50) in valley bottoms in both disturbed and undisturbed sites respectively. The soil textural classes noted in both top soil and subsoil in disturbed and undisturbed were loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, sandy clay loam and clay loam. The macro-nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Organic Carbon, Sulphur, Calcium and Potassium) generally showed a decreased trend with soil depths across habitats in disturbed and undisturbed forests. The soil micronutrients (Manganese, Iron, Zinc, Copper and Nickel) showed an increased trend with soil depths across habitats in disturbed and undisturbed forest sites. Therefore, appropriate measures are necessary for conservation and management of the soils of Takamanda rainforest. This would enhance the growth and diversity of both flora and fauna of these rainforest sites. 

KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA CUKA KAYU DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Karima
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
And Chemical Properties

There’s so many pal solid waste or palm empty fruit bunches, but the utilization is not maximized, this research its to optimized utilization of palm solid waste to be wood vinegar and want to know the composition physical properties and chemical properties of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches. Total yield of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches its 15,94 % and total yield of charcoal its 64,58 %. GCMS result showing chemical properties from wood vinegar of burning < 100oC its obtained 19 compound and burning >100 oC its obtained 6 compound. The result physichal properties testing from crued wood vinegar its obtained specific gravity 1,0005 and 1,0010, pH value are 3,233 and 3,186, TAT content are 9,36 % and 11,12 %, phenol content its 0,44 %. The result physical properties testing from wood vinegar which has decolorizatin by activated carbon its obtained specific gravity are 0,9987 and 0,999, pH value are 3,036 and 3,012, TAT content are 8,29 % and 9,27 % and phenol content its 0,01 %.Keywords: palm bunches, wood vinegar, liquid smoke

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