scholarly journals Effect of altitudinal variation on the soil characteristics in sal (Shorea robusta gaertn.) forests of eastern Nepal

Our Nature ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Tej Narayan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Sal Forest

Physico-chemical properties of forest soil depends on a variety of natural factors, the most important are variation in altitude, vegetation cover and microbial activities. The present study was conducted to understand the effect of variation in altitude in the soil characteristics in Tarai Sal forest (TSF) and Hill Sal forest (HSF), of eastern Nepal. Soil samples were collected from thirty plots randomly in each forest from 0- 15cm and 15-30cm depths in May 2012. Both forests had sandy loam type of soil texture. However, the percentage composition of soil particles varies within the forest sites. Soil moisture was higher in TSF. It was maximum in the rainy season in both forests. Water holding capacity was slightly higher in TSF. Bulk density was higher in TSF and it increased with soil depth in both forests. The pH value was slightly higher in HSF than TSF however, the value increased in lower soil depth in both forest stands. In the upper soil layer (0-15cm) soil organic carbon (SOC) was higher in HSF (2.09%) than TSF (1.6%). Similarly, total nitrogen (TN) was also higher in HSF (0.173%) than in TSF (0.129%) while total phosphorus (TP) was more or less same in both forest stands. The potassium (K) a soil extractable nutrient also showed higher value in HSF (312.13 µg g-1) than TSF (238.47 µg g-1). The values of SOC, TN, TP and K decreased in lower depth (15-30cm) in both forest stands. In conclusion, variation in altitude causes difference in the microclimatic condition which resulted into the alternation in soil characteristics. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. 

scholarly journals Characterization of the existing soil management in relation to some selected physico-chemical properties at Bulehoraworeda, West guji zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenea Worku ◽  
Abdissa Debela ◽  
Diriba Shanko
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Surface Horizon ◽  
Physico Chemical

The study of soil physico-chemical properties were made on the soils of BuleHoraWoreda, WestGuji zone. The objective of the study was to characterize soil physical and chemical properties to assess the fertility status of the soils in the study areas. Soil profile pits at representative sites were described and soil samples were collected from each depth of 0-15 cm, 15 – 30 cm, and 30–60 cm depending on the root depth of the crop. Soil samples were collected from two different study areas for the determination of soil texture, bulk density, porosity, soil pH and electrical conductivity. The top layer (0-15 cm) has an average bulk density of 1.10 g/cm3, whereas the subsurface layer (15-30 and the bottom layer (30-60 cm) has an average bulk density of 1.16 g/cm3 and 1.26 g/cm3, respectively at the GuyyeKebele. The average value of bulk density 1.18 g/cm3, 1.29 g/cm3 and 1.39g/cm3 was recorded on the surface horizon (0-15 cm), subsurface horizon (15-30 cm) and the bottom horizon (30 - 60 cm) depth, respectively at BuleHora Farm. Accordingly, the highest (1.39 g/cm3) and the lowest (1.10 g/cm3) average bulk density values were recorded for BuleHoraand GuyyeKebele study Farm, respectively. The average highest porosity (58.48%) value was observed in the surface horizon (0 -15 cm) soil depth and the average lowest porosity value (52.11%) was observed in the bottom horizon (30 – 60 cm) depth at GuyyeKebele study Farm. The average porosity value of the soils in BuleHora study Farm were recorded 55.27%, 52.39% and 47.63% for the surface horizon (0 -15 cm), sub surface horizon ( 15 –30 cm) and bottom horizon (30 – 60 cm) depth , respectively. The soil textural class was changed with depth from sandy clay in surface horizon (0-15 cm) to clay in both sub surface horizon (15- 30 cm) and bottom horizon (30-60 cm) at GuyyeKebele. The pH value was observed on the soils of the GuyyeKebele study area increased from 6.08 at surface horizon (0 – 15 cm) to 6.27 at the sub surface horizon (15- 30 cm) and then slightly decreased to 6.21 at the bottom horizon (30-60 cm) of the soil depth. Lowest soil pH value (5.44) was measured in the surface horizon (0 –15 cm) and the highest pH value (6.09) was observed in bottom horizon (30-60 cm) soil depth at BuleHora farm. The electrical conductivity of the saturated soil paste extracts of the study area was low (ranging from 0.0387 to 0.1587 dS m-1) throughout the profile showing no significant accumulation of soluble salts to convert the soil to saline soil.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (2): 43-48, December, 2017

scholarly journals Lowland Bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica) Deforestation and Subsequent Cultivation Effects on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties in Southwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zebene Tadesse ◽  
Melkamu Abere ◽  
Belayneh Bayu ◽  
Kaiwen Pan ◽  
Yigardu Mulatu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bamboo Forest ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, bamboo thickets and woodlands play an important role in soil-water conservation and climate change mitigation in arid and semi-arid regions. However, bamboo mass flower-ing, rapid demographic changes and expansion of agricultural investments to bamboo domi-nated areas have led to deforestation and land degradation. In this study, we determined the effects of deforestation and subsequent cultivation on soil physical and chemical properties along a chronosequence of closely located agricultural lands with different ages (1, 3, 5 and 7 years) since converted from natural lowland bamboo forest. Hence, soil samples (n = 90) have been taken from both natural bamboo forests and adjacent agricultural lands at two soil depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm). Our result showed that CEC, K+, Ca+, Mg+ and available P were varied significantly with respect to cultivation periods and soil depth, while soil pH and Na+ varied with soil depth (P < 0.001). Soil C and total N contents (g/kg) in 0-20 cm soil layer declined significantly and exponentially with increasing years under cultivation. Conversion of natural bamboo forest to cropland during the past seven-year period significantly increased soil pH with soil depths, while CEC was declined throughout the cultivation period and soil depth. In general, the result revealed that conversion of natural lowland bamboo and subsequent cultivation of soil had negative effects on measured soil physicochemical properties.

Investigation and Modeling of Manganese Concentration in the Gravel Roadside

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audronė Mikalajūnė
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
The Road ◽  
Background Value ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Gravel Road

Road transport is one of the biggest soil polluter. There are a lot of investigations of soil pollution near highways, but soil pollution near gravel roadsides needs more experimental research. In this experimental study we selected gravel road Juseviciai – Budvietis – Derviniai and analyzed soil pollution near this road. Soil samples were collected on both sides of the road by making the transversal profile, the sampling points move away of the road at a distance 1; 2; 5; 10 meters, the samples were collected in 600 meters long strip. All samples were collected by using the envelope principle, samples were taken from the top of the soil layer 0–10 cm depth. It was established that Mn concentration in the soil sample, which was taken from the middle of gravel road carriageway, reached 238,5 mg/kg – it means 1,79 times less than background value. This value is more than 6 times less than maximum allowed concentration and quit close to the values, which were established on both sides in the soil close to gravel road. The modelling of Mn concentration where made in appropriate scale of mathematical model – 15 meter to both sides of gravel road, the width of the road – 4 meters. The simulated soil volume is 34 x 14 meters, the soil type – medium-coarse sandy loam. It was modeled that after one year Mn concentration in the soil, close to gravel road remains 1,3 times less than background value (at a constant Mn emission in the environment). Moving away from driveway till 10–15 meters the concentration of Mn decrease to 200 mg/kg in the soil depth of 0,5 m. After 10 years this concentration will reach 1 meter depth. Bet there would be no changes of Mn concentration in the groundwater level.

scholarly journals Properties and groundwater level of humogley soil of southern Bačka

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Saša Pekeč ◽  
Marina Milović ◽  
Velisav Karaklić
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Low Sodium

The paper examines hydromorphic soils from the class of gley soils, soil type humogley. The examined soils are located in the protected part of the inundation of the middle course of the Danube. According to the chemical properties of the examined soils, the pH value ranges from 7,64 to 8,15 on average, and with depth there is an increase in alkalinity. The total salts of the examined soils had increased values in the humus horizon and ranged from 0,06 to 0,09%. The texture classes of the humus horizon of these soils are: clay loam to sandy clay loam, while the lower sub-horizons of the gley are textural classes of sandy loam, loamy sand and sand. The influence of the Danube water level on the groundwater level results in high correlation coefficients, which range from 0,67 to 0,88. The groundwater in these soils had the highest level from 28 cm to 70 cm depth, and the lowest level was from 110 to 175 cm deep. The amplitude of groundwater variation during the year in the examined humogley soils ranges from 66 to 132 cm. Groundwater quality classes according to U.S. Salinity Laboratories are unfavorable and range from C3S1 to C4S1, ie salt to very salty water with low sodium content, and according to the FAO classification the water quality is such that there is a moderate need for restriction. High groundwater level above the critical level, as well as watering the soil with water of this quality can have an impact on salinization of the surface horizon of humogley soil of the examined area.

scholarly journals Carbon Stock and Respiration of Rhizosphere Soils of Sal (Shorea Robusta Roxb. Ex. Gaertn. F.) In Relation To Some Environmental Variables of Different Sal Forest Stands of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-693
Author(s):  
Maliha Jerin Propa ◽  
Md Imran Hossain ◽  
Ashfaque Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
C Dynamics ◽  
Sal Forest

Effects of some environmental variables (moisture, temperature, pH) on the carbon stock and respiration in the rhizosphere soil of Sal (Shorea robusta Roxb. ex. Gaertn. f.) of 11 different Sal forest stands situated in Cumilla, Gazipur, Sherpur, Modhupur, Dinajpur and Rangpur of Bangladesh were assessed. Soil samples were collected from two layers (upper layer, 0 - 15 cm and lower layer, 15–30 cm depth). During February 2019, samples were collected from Kotbari and Rajeshpur of Cumilla and during June 2019, samples were collected from the rest of the stands. The values of different variables showed fluctuations, e.g. moisture content (11.87 - 38.78%), pH (4.73 to 6.03), conductivity (63.13 - 248.83 μS/cm), soil organic carbon (135.43 - 1263.53 ton/ha) and respiration (75.95 - 91.8 mg CO2/g soil) respectively. Rates of respiration increased where pH remained 4 to 6 and the temperature 20 to 34ºC. Rate of respiration also increased when the amount of moisture content and carbon stock decreased. This research will help to understand the role of environmental factors on the variability of soil C dynamics in the natural Sal forest areas of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 685-693, 2021 (September) 

scholarly journals Assessment of Some Wetland Potentials in Makurdi Supporting Rice and Sugarcane Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jacob Usman ◽  
J.O. Ogbu ◽  
S.E. Iji ◽  
S. Afatar
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Type B ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Seasonally Flooded ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The study was carried out in Makurdi, Benue State with the view to characterize some wetlands of Makurdi area and their suitability to rice and sugarcane production. In order to characterize and classify the soil, four pedons were dug at the selected seasonally flooded wetlands. The soils were characterized in terms of their morphological, physical and chemical properties. The soils were generally sandy loam, loamy sands and sandy clay loam. The distribution of clay content increased with soil depth for all pedons. The soils were strongly to moderately acid in reaction (3.47 to 5.61) in H2O. The soils had low (0.2 to 3.77 g/kg) organic carbon. The percentage base saturation ranged from 5 to 75 %. The soils were classified as Vertic Endoaquepts/Vertic Gleysols (Orthoeutric), Aeric Glossaqualfs/Lixic Gleysols (Orthoeutric) and Typic Epiaquults/Ferralic Acrisols (Epidystric). Soil Type B was marginally suitable (S3) for sugarcane. However, all the 4 soil types were moderately suitable (S2) for rice.

scholarly journals Physiochemical characteristics of soil in tropical sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) forests in eastern Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shishir Paudel ◽  
Jay P Sah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Water Holding

The physiochemical properties of soils of two different types of forests (pure Shorea robusta and mixed Shorea robusta) were analyzed. Soil samples were collected from both types of forest and analyzed for texture, pH, organic matter, humus content, water holding capacity, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. In both the pure and mixed forest, soil was sandy loam (60.12% and 50.58% sand, 28.59% and 35.24% silt and 11.12 and 22.41% clay, respectively). The pH value was lower in pure forest (4.33) than in the mixed forest (5.26), and so were phosphorus and water holding capacity. The higher values of humus, organic matter, nitrogen and potassium (7.34%, 2.42%, 0.117%, 267.73 kg/ha, respectively) were found in pure forest. The higher levels of soil nutrients in the pure forest were due partly to reduction in the loss of top soil and partly to the increased supply of nutrients in the form of leaf litter and biomass from the larger number of sal trees and their saplings. Key words: Shorea robusta, soil texture, nitrogen, soil pH, Udayapur Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(2): 107-110, 2003

Comparative study of the rhizospheric arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from three medicinal licorice plants from Xinjiang

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Gao ◽  
Zhongke Wang ◽  
Xinhua Lv ◽  
Guifang Li ◽  
Yaling He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Inflata

Abstract We investigated the rhizospheric arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi from the three medicinal licorice plants, i.e., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat., and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. The AM fungi were reported to be affected by the host plant species as well as soil depth, physical, and chemical properties. We collected the rhizosphere from these licorice plants, from the soil layer with a depth of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm in the Xinjiang region. Furthermore, we employed the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform to investigate the structure and diversity of these AM fungal communities. The soil physical and chemical properties were also evaluated to determine the relationship between the medicinal Glycyrrhiza rhizospheric AM fungi and the associated soil factors. In order to provide a reference for revealing the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in increasing the content of active components in cultivated licorice root, we isolated a total of 34 AM fungi that encompassed a phylum, a class, five (orders, families, and genus), and the Glomus and Paraglomus emerged as the dominant genus. We observed the highest diversity in the AM fungi in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. The Glycyrrhiza inflata showed the highest richness, whereas the Glycyrrhiza glabra showed the lowest richness and diversity in each soil layer. The plant species influenced the AM fungi more than the soil depth. The total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and organic matter in the soil prominently impacted the distribution of soil AM fungi. In contrast, the soil ammonium and nitrogen content had the lowest-impact on the AM fungi distribution. The genus Glomus was was found to be positively correlated with total phosphorus (P<0.001), and negatively correlated with total potassium (P<0.001), total salt (P<0.01), soil water content, and organic matter (P<0.05). The genus Paraglomus was found to be negatively correlated with the total phosphorus (P<0.001), whereas positively correlated with total potassium (P<0.001), total salt (P<0.001), organic matter (P<0.05), and fast-acting potassium (P<0.05). Besides, we found a positive correlation between the genus Diversispora and ammonium nitrogen (P<0.05), whereas the available phosphorus (P<0.05) and total salt (P<0.05) were negatively correlated with the genus Diversispora.

KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA CUKA KAYU DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Karima
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
And Chemical Properties

There’s so many pal solid waste or palm empty fruit bunches, but the utilization is not maximized, this research its to optimized utilization of palm solid waste to be wood vinegar and want to know the composition physical properties and chemical properties of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches. Total yield of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches its 15,94 % and total yield of charcoal its 64,58 %. GCMS result showing chemical properties from wood vinegar of burning < 100oC its obtained 19 compound and burning >100 oC its obtained 6 compound. The result physichal properties testing from crued wood vinegar its obtained specific gravity 1,0005 and 1,0010, pH value are 3,233 and 3,186, TAT content are 9,36 % and 11,12 %, phenol content its 0,44 %. The result physical properties testing from wood vinegar which has decolorizatin by activated carbon its obtained specific gravity are 0,9987 and 0,999, pH value are 3,036 and 3,012, TAT content are 8,29 % and 9,27 % and phenol content its 0,01 %.Keywords: palm bunches, wood vinegar, liquid smoke

scholarly journals Assessment of Seasonal Variability in Soil Nutrients and Its Impact on Soil Quality under Different Land Use Systems of Lower Shiwalik Foothills of Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1398
Author(s):  
Tavjot Kaur ◽  
Simerpreet Kaur Sehgal ◽  
Satnam Singh ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study was conducted to investigate the seasonal effects of five land use systems (LUSs), i.e., wheat–rice (Triticum aestivum—Oryza sativa) system, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), orange (Citrus sinensis) orchard, safeda (Eucalyptus globules) forest, and grassland, on soil quality and nutrient status in the lower Satluj basin of the Shiwalik foothills Himalaya, India. Samples were analyzed for assessment of physico-chemical properties at four soil depths, viz., 0–15, 15–30, 30–45, and 45–60 cm. A total of 120 soil samples were collected in both the seasons. Soil texture was found to be sandy loam and slightly alkaline in nature. The relative trend of soil organic carbon (SOC), macro- and micro-nutrient content for the five LUSs was forest > orchard > grassland > wheat–rice > sugarcane, in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. SOC was highly correlated with macronutrients and micronutrients, whereas SOC was negatively correlated with soil pH (r = −0.818). The surface soil layer (0–15 cm) had a significantly higher content of SOC, and macro- and micro-nutrients compared to the sub-surface soil layers, due to the presence of more organic content in the soil surface layer. Tukey’s multiple comparison test was applied to assess significant difference (p < 0.05) among the five LUSs at four soil depths in both the seasons. Principle component analysis (PCA) identified that SOC and electrical conductivity (EC) were the most contributing soil indicators among the different land use systems, and that the post-monsoon season had better soil quality compared to the pre-monsoon season. These indicators helped in the assessment of soil health and fertility, and to monitor degraded agroecosystems for future soil conservation.

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