scholarly journals Libertad, igualdad, competitividad: En torno a la transfiguración de los valores europeos tras la era de la modernización

2019 ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Teresa López Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Production System ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cultural Terms

Competitividad es una expresión polisémica que, en términos económicos,implica el grado de integración de la sociedad en un modelo productivobasado en la investigación, la innovación y las altas tecnologías. Pero, a su vez, entérminos ideológicos no deja de hundir sus raíces en la idea darwinista de la luchapor la supervivencia y la selección natural. Por ello, aun cuando la competitividadse invoca en términos pretendidamente objetivos como los económicos, conscienteo inconscientemente se refuerza a la vez el relato de un determinado orden social;un relato que divide el mundo entre ganadores y perdedores y que determinaquiénes merecerán perder o ganar. Y en términos culturales ello es probablementelo único que se hace, en tanto que mayores dosis de cultura competitiva no implicannecesariamente la mejora de ningún indicador real. El artículo confronta algunosde los principales indicadores económicos y sociales en el entorno UE28, conlos índices culturales de cada sociedad, encontrando que son otros los conjuntos devalores que inciden en la productividad, el empleo, la riqueza, el bienestar o ladesigualdad.Competitiveness is a polysemic word that, first of all, makes referenceto a production system based on innovation, development and high technologies.But, on the other hand, in ideological terms it refers us to the darwinist ideasof the natural selection and the fight for survive. So, when we appeal to competitivenesseven in economic, impartial terms, at the same time -and conscious orunconsciously- we reinforce the narrative of a social order that divides our societybetween winners and losers, and defines who of all will deserve to be at one sideor at the other. And in cultural terms it probably is the only thing we do, becausehigher doses of competitive culture do not necessarily increase the improvement ofany social or economic indicator. This work confronts some of these indicatorswith the cultural dimensions of the UE28 countries, finding that are others thevalues that affect the results on wealth, productivity, employment, welfare or inequality.

Mapping the Field

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hofstede’S Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions

Hofstede's investigation of culture and cultural dimensions is the most widely cited research in the analysis of topics related to the field. How the author presented his work had an impact in the past, and still has an impact on today's scholars and practitioners who, thanks to its dimensions, are able to implement a framework that helps to deepen processes of cross-cultural relationships. However, such innovative research has often been criticised by the same academics that were putting it into practice. On the other hand, many scholars consider his work to be a milestone. This chapter reviews Hofstede's cultural dimensions and explores both sides of the argument, summarising the pros and cons of applying his approach to ethics and sustainability. The work also recommends areas for further discussion and research, as three of the dimensions proposed by Hofstede will become foundation for the development of the remainder of this book.

Decadence and the Organic Metaphor

2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
WHITNEY DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Account ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Natural Forms ◽  
Cultural Forms ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultural World

ABSTRACT While Charles Darwin's evolutionary account of organic decay, decline, and extinction provided a model for accounts of supposedly similar processes in the domain of human culture and society, Darwin's own theory of natural selection depended on models of cultural and social transformation, degeneration, and destruction. In the full circuit of the organic metaphor of decadence, then, a theory of culture was applied to nature and then re-applied to the cultural world even though cultural forms do not always literally display processes of organic morbidity, and natural forms do not always literally display the results of intentional human artistry, cultivation, and collection. The organic metaphor of decadence was some-times used to imagine a continuous and regenerating life; sometimes, however, the organic metaphor was used to imagine the necessity of all-pervasive death. The essay compares and contrasts these two approaches——exemplified, on the one hand, by Darwin's own writings and, on the other hand, by Joris-Karl Huysmans's Against Nature.

scholarly journals MAQASHID AL-SYARIAH SEBAGAI KONSEP DASAR DALAM TEORI PEMBENTUKAN HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Alvan Fathony
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Reasoning ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Divine Law

The majority of fuqoha 'has defined fiqh as a result of understanding, tashawwur and critical reasoning (al-idrak) of a mujtahid. But on the other hand, fiqh as a result of ijtihad teryata is often described as divine law (sharia). As Ijma '(consensus), there are many differences in defining it, but until now there are still many fuqoha' who regard ijma 'as qath'i propositions which are level with texts and are sariari-made propositions' and even claim that those who oppose ijma 'including infidels. Humans often traditionalize actions that are considered good and are their daily needs, so that Islam also still recognizes and contributes to maintaining the tradition (‘Urf) into a method of observation, not only maintaining it but because it pays more attention to the benefit of the people. Because Islam comes in the context of regulating the social order that is oriented towards achieving benefit and avoiding loss (madlarat), moreover the texts of the Shari'a itself do not provide a detailed solution to the diversity of problems of each community. Traditionally the implications of Urf are very limited to only space and time, while legal decisions continue to apply even in different situations and conditions. So the view of jurisprudence towards the world (jurist's worldview) is intended as the development of the Urf concept in order to achieve the universality of maqashid al-sharia.

scholarly journals NATIONAL CULTURE AND TRANSPARENCY: EVIDENCE FROM ISLAMIC BANKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Rochania Ayu Yunanda ◽  
Mohammad Ali Tareq ◽  
Akbariah Binti Mahdzir ◽  
Faried Kurnia Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Other Hand

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of predominant cultural values on banking disclosure. On one hand, Islamic banks have practiced Islamic principles which are universal for all countries. Islamic banks are expected to provide transparent information especially in terms of social and Shariah(Islamic) compliant information as Islamic banks claim themselves to have social objectives as the prime consideration. Islamic banks also have Shariah supervisory body to ensure that the banking activities and business operations are in line with Islamic requirements. On the other hand, Hofstede‘s cultural dimensions and Gray‘s hypotheses have rendered remarkable contributions in financial and accounting practices among different nations. Examining 45 Islamic banks in 11 Moslem majority countries, this paper focuses on four particular cultural dimensions namely individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance and whether these dimensions have an impact on transparency. This study found that two out of four national cultures still have significant effect on the transparency level in Moslem majority countries.

scholarly journals Social Trust as an Underlying Substance of Cultural Preferences

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Constructs ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Economic Parameters

The role and the importance of social trust have been objects of a comparatively well-defined interest among investigators with sociology and social psychology backgrounds. Unfortunately, this is not so true when it comes to economists. In Economics, even the link between culture and economic development still lacks the necessary attention. On the other hand, in order to explain this link, it will be of help and importance to take social trust into consideration both directly and as an infrastructural element of some important cultural dimensions. This article – being generally with a nature of an overview – attempts to show social trust namely as such an element, offering a framework for its interpretation and showing the correlational link between trust and several cultural constructs. This will hopefully help future modelling when it comes to investigating correlational and causal links between economic parameters and generalized social trust.

National Culture and Its Relationship With Innovation and Corruption

2017 ◽  
pp. 201-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Miguel Freitas da Silva ◽  
António Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Negative Effect

Innovation is a driver of economic growth, wealth and prosperity. On the other hand, corruption emerges as a worldwide problem responsible for sapping resources, inequality, human suffering and poverty. This study hypothesizes that national culture, measured using Hofstede's six cultural dimensions, have an impact on corruption and innovation, and that highly corrupt nations are less innovative. Data were obtained from Hofstede's, Transparency International, and Global Innovation websites for the year 2012. The findings support the claim that most national culture aspects have an impact on corruption, although their impact on innovation is less measurable. Corruption was found to have a strong and negative effect on innovation. Our results draw attention to the usefulness of Hofstede's six-dimension framework in research and the need for further analysis on how corruption influences innovation through mechanisms other than national culture.

Sex recognition and agonistic strategies of male and female crayfish

Behaviour ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-596
Author(s):  
Taiga Oyama ◽  
Yuto Momohara ◽  
Hirona Yano ◽  
Michiya Kamio ◽  
Naoyuki Fujiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Sex Recognition ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
Agonistic Encounters

Abstract Intraspecific communication is essential for agonistic and mating behaviours. Agonistic strategy of males must change according to the sex of opponents and that of females is also dependent on their physiological state as to whether they are brooding or not. We have analysed here the agonistic encounters between pairs of male and female crayfish in various combinations to reveal the interaction between agonistic and mating behaviours. After male crayfish became dominant, they aggressively chased subordinate males with attacks, while they did not attack female opponents. Furthermore, the agonistic behaviour of males changed depending on whether females were ovigerous or not. On the other hand, two females showed intense combats despite being ovigerous or not. Crayfish discriminated the sex of opponents via chemical signals in the urine. However, the dominant and subordinate social order of crayfish had no effect on selecting mating partners.

The Influence of Social Status on Communication Predispositions

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Sun Kim ◽  
Katsuya Tasaki ◽  
In-Duk Kim ◽  
Hye-ryeon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Communication Apprehension ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Status ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
Interdependent Self ◽  
Approach Orientation

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of social status of the communicator on communication predispositions of people with different cultural orientations. Based upon independent and interdependent self-construals as individual-level cultural dimensions, people’s degrees of two distinct communication orientations (communication apprehension as an avoidance orientation and argumentativeness as an approach orientation) were assessed in a dyad with different status of communicators (professor as high status and classmate as low status). Participants were a total of 702 undergraduates studying in Japan, Hawaii, and the mainland U.S. After reading two hypothetical conversational situations with different status communicators (professor and classmate), participants were asked to rate items measuring two communication constructs (communication apprehension and argumentativeness). The data indicated that individuals showed greater level of argumentativeness in the conversation with a low status communicator (classmate or roommate) than in the conversation with a high status communicator (professor). On the other hand, individuals showed greater level of communication apprehension in the conversation with high status communicator (professor) than in the conversation with low status communicator (classmate or roommate). We also found that, among people of high interdependence, the level of CA was greater in the conversation with the high status communicator than in the conversation with the low status communicator. On the other hand, among people of high interdependence, the level of argumentativeness did not differ in the conversation with the high status communicator as compared with the conversation with the low status communicator.

scholarly journals Globalisation, diversity and “new” creative classes in Lisbon: the ethnocultural economy and the rise of an ethnocultural production system

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Lima Costa
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Production System ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Globalisation and the intensification of migratory flows have favoured an increase in new forms of cultural expression, which represent an asset of significant economic and cultural value for the city of Lisbon. In the light of this process, and on the basis of our analytical proposal of an ethnocultural production system (EPS), it was possible to study how the articulation of various processes (economic, cultural and political) that occur and interact in the EPS help to support the appearance of new ethnically oriented markets (EOMs). Making comparisons with the empirical studies carried out (two questionnaires, one each onethnocultural supply and demand, and two ethnographical case studies, one in the area of Martim Moniz in Lisbon, and the other in the Cova da Moura neighbourhood in the Municipality of Amadora), we show, on the one hand, how an ethnocultural economy (EE) emerges in connection with the migratory flows mentioned and, on the other hand, what the important processes and actors are.

scholarly journals MENUMBUHKAN NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL MELALUI KARYA TARI KOREOGRAFER PEREMPUAN DI SUMATERA BARAT: SUATU TINJAUAN GENDER

Humanus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Fuji Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Social Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media

DEVELOPING LOCAL WISDOM VALUES THROUGH THE DANCE WORKS OF FEMALE CHOREOGRAPHERS IN WEST SUMATERA: A GENDER STUDIES Minagkabau in the social order, the personality of a woman governed by a norm that is contained in the content of the values of sumbang duo baleh (the twelfe of improper behaviors). As a female choreographer, the values of sumbang duo baleh are not only seen in the attitude of her personality, but also in the content her dance work as a reflection of her personality. However, all the twelfe values cannot considered altogether in a dance. If all the content of those values are fully referenced in the dance work, choreographers feels such rules would hamper creativity, especially in the embodiment of motion to the media staple in dance. The values of twelfe improperly behaviors can be implemented into the dance are walk improperly, sit improperly, stand improperly, look improperly, improper clothing, and improper behaviors. On the other hand, the involvement of women in artistic activity, driven by the demands of the economy. For that reason, women no longer have to rely on the man as the leader of the household, or be the responsibility of the system as in the economy in the longhouse, yet can already be anticipated through achievement in art. It likewise trigger the choreographer seeks to meet the needs of consumers, even vying to create markets that are commercial.Key words: The twelfe lacks, choreographer, dance AbstrakDalam tatanan sosial masyarakat Minagkabau, kepribadian seorang perempuan diatur oleh suatu norma yang tertuang dalam kandungan nilai-nilai sumbang duo baleh. Sebagai seorang koreografer perempuan, kandungan sumbang duo baleh tidak hanya terlihat dalam sikap kepribadiannya, namun kandungan nilai-nilai itu juga dapat terlihat dalam karya tari sebagai cerminan  kepribadiannya. Kandungan nilai sumbang duo baleh tidak semuanya dapat dituangkan dalam karya tari. Jika semua kandungan nilai-nilai tersebut secara utuh dijadikan acuan dalam berkarya tari, koreografer merasakan aturan-aturan tersebut akan menghambat kreativitas, terutama dalam perwujudan gerak yang menjadi media pokok dalam tari. Adapun kandungan nilai sumbang duo baleh dengan lugas dapat diimplementasikan  ke dalam tari adalah sumbang jalan, sumbang duduak, sumbang tagak, sumbang penglihatan, sumbang pakaian, dan sumbang kurenah. Di sisi lain, keterlibatan perempuan dalam aktivitas kesenian, didorong oleh tuntutan perekonomian. Untuk itu, perempuan tidak lagi harus menggantungkan perekonomian sepenuhnya kepada laki-laki sebagai pemimpin rumah tangga, atau menjadi tanggung jawab kaum sebagaimana dalam sistem perekonomian di rumah gadang, namum sudah dapat diantisipasi melalui prestasi dalam berkesenian. Hal demikian pula memicu para koreografer berupaya memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen, bahkan berlomba-lomba untuk menciptakan pasar yang sifatnya komersil.Kata Kunci: Sumbang duo baleh, koreografer, tari

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