Analysis of endotoxin level in camel milk samples collected from vending outlets in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Rajendran Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Endotoxin Level ◽  
Milk Samples

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Specific RNA and Anti-MERS-RBD in Camel Milk from Different Regions of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiydh Alshehri ◽  
Mir Naiman Ali ◽  
Nabil Miled
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Drinking Milk

Abstract Background: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes viral pneumonia disease in humans. The close contact with camels and drinking milk may cause Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transfer to humans. Methods: This study was designed to detect the existence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in camel milk samples collected from healthy animals according to local customs from 83 barns located around Saudi Arabia. Camel milk samples were examined for viral RNA by RT-qPCR, also ELISA assay was performed to detect IgG antibodies directed against MERS Receptor-Binding Protein (RBD).Results: Among 83 camel milk samples tested,the result showed that seven samples (8.4%) were positive for MERS-CoV RNA, while 40.9% of camel milk samples had antibodies directed against this virus.Conclusions: The findings indicate that some regions (East and South part) are characterized by a high incidence of viral antibodies. The South western region displayed the lowest infection rates. Camel breed Sahilia seems to be resistant to viral infection as compared to other breeds such as Hamra. This need to be more explored in order to reduce spread of infection and also to understand the underlying reasons. The presence of viral RNA in camel milk samples warrants for measures to prevent possible food-borne transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus through milk consumption.

scholarly journals Amino acids content and electrophoretic profile of camel milk casein from different camel breeds in Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh H. Salmen ◽  
Hamza M. Abu-Tarboush ◽  
Abdulrahman A. Al-Saleh ◽  
Ali A. Metwalli
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Electrophoretic Profile ◽  
Milk Casein

Prevalence of Antibodies toCoxiella burnetiiin Camel Milk in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia: a Comparison with Serum

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Gar El Nabi ◽  
Amel O. Bakhiet ◽  
Mohammed A. Alshaikh ◽  
Riyadh S. Aljumaah ◽  
Osama B. Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Camel Milk

scholarly journals Growth inhibition of foodborne pathogens in camel milk: Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abusheliabi Aisha ◽  
Al-Holy Murad A ◽  
Al-Rumaithi Hind ◽  
Al-Khaldi Sufian ◽  
Al-Nabulsi Anas A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples

The growth behaviour of foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp.) was investigated in pasteurised camel milk and compared with pasteurised bovine milk at different incubation temperatures. This study also aimed to compare the growth patterns of these four foodborne pathogens in pasteurised and raw camel milk. Pasteurised or raw camel milk and pasteurised bovine milk were separately inoculated with a cocktail of three strains of each foodborne pathogen. The inoculated milk samples were incubated at 10, 25, and 37°C. The total bacterial count (TBC) in raw milk and the total thermoduric bacteria count (TDB) in pasteurised milk samples were monitored. Greater growth inhibition rates of four pathogens were obtained for the pasteurised camel milk compared to the pasteurised bovine milk. Raw and pasteurised camel milk exerted bacteriostatic effect against all tested pathogens, particularly for the first 8 h of incubation in milk at the different temperatures. Pasteurised camel milk exerted an inhibitory activity that was equivalent to that of raw camel milk.

scholarly journals Microbiological Studies on Naturally Present Bacteria in Camel and Buffalo Milk

2020 ◽  
pp. 562-570
Author(s):  
Amr M. Abdou ◽  
Riham H. Hedia ◽  
Shimaa T. Omara ◽  
Mai M. Kandil ◽  
M. A. Bakry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacilli

The aim of current study was to isolate and identify naturally occurring probiotic Lactobacillus species in buffalo milk, camel milk, and camel urine to investigate their susceptibility to antibiotics and their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. A total number of seven samples which included three milk samples from buffalo, three milk samples from camel, and one urine sample from camel were collected and used in this study. The samples were cultured, and 18 isolated strains were identified by using 16S rRNA multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis, which was performed following DNA extraction from the isolated bacteria. Buffalo and camel milk were different in their Lactobacilli content. All Lactobacilli strains that were found in both camel milk and camel urine, were also found in buffalo milk, Lactobacilli strains in camel milk and urine were generally more resistant to the antibiotic. Lactobacilli isolated from buffalo milk, camel milk, and also camel urine presented variable degrees of antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Further studies should be conducted with more samples to gain more information in the field of antibacterial activity of probiotic lactobacilli and to understand the mechanisms of their activity. Hopefully, they can be used as natural alternatives instead of synthetic antibiotics.

Modification of IgE binding to αS1-casein by proteolytic activity of Enterococcus faecium isolated from Iranian camel milk samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 276-277 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reihane Kordesedehi ◽  
Asghar Taheri-Kafrani ◽  
Mohammad Rabbani-Khorasgani ◽  
Rezvan Kazemi ◽  
Daniel Mutangadura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Ige Binding

scholarly journals Seasonal and physiological variation of gross composition of camel milk inSaudi Arabia

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelgadir Musaadbr ◽  
Bernard Faye ◽  
and AlMutairi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Physiological Variation

scholarly journals Improvement Of Camel Milk Microbial Loads By Activation Of Lactoperoxidase Enzyme System During Different Storage Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
IEM El Zubeir ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Keeping Quality

This study was designed to investigate the effect of using the recommended FAO Lactoperoxidase Enzyme System (LPS) on improving the keeping quality and increasing the shelf life of raw milk from camels at different stages of lactations. Fresh milk samples were obtained after morning milking from Camel Research Center of Khartoum University.

scholarly journals Antibiotic profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative Staphylococci species isolated from raw camel milk from Garissa County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elly Kirwa ◽  
Abong O Gabriel ◽  
Timothy E. Maitho ◽  
Mbindyo CM ◽  
Abuom T O ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Milk Samples

The emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria in clinically challenging situations is a global concern. Staphylococcus resistance poses a threat to available therapeutic agents in management of camel diseases. S. aureus is often isolated from mastitic camel milk. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) can be pathogenic in humans and animals. This cross-sectional study investigated the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of Staphylococci species in raw camel milk from Garissa County, Kenya. A total of 231 raw camel milk samples from healthy camels were collected. Disk diffusion was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Bacteria were revived in Buffered Peptone Water (BPW). Staphylococcus isolates were cultured on Mannitol Salt agar (MSA) and Blood Agar (BA). Coagulase and catalase tests were used to biochemically characterize the isolates. Antibiotic disks were placed on Mueller Hinton Agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and diameters of zones inhibition measured. The readings were recorded as either susceptible, intermediate, or resistant based on the interpretative breakpoints by the veterinary Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Antimicrobial agents tested included; Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Cephalexin, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Cefoxitin, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol. Out of the 231 raw camel milk samples cultured, 52.8% (122/231) Staphylococci isolates were recovered. Among the Staphylococci isolates 83.6% (102) were S. aureus and 16.4% (20) were CoNS. Overall, 83 (68%) isolates were catalase positive and 122 (91.7%) showed β-haemolysis on BA culture. Highest resistance was observed against Cephalexin (81.9%) and Streptomycin (72.1%) while the lowest resistance was seen against Chloramphenicol (1.6%) and Tetracycline (3.3%). MRSA and MRCoNS were reported at 9.8% and 15% of the isolates respectively. MDR was recorded in 43.4% of the isolates resistant to at least 3 or more antimicrobial groups while 39.3% isolates were resistant to 1 or 2 antimicrobial tested.   In conclusion, the study showed that CoNS and S

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