Lifestyles and stress according to self-kindness and goal directedness among drivers

Aim Home delivery drivers are particularly likely to have unhealthy lifestyles and high stress because of their unusually strenuous work. This study identified differences in their lifestyles and stress according to self-kindness and goal directedness. Methods Participants were drivers from a western Tokyo branch of a large company that included a Japanese transportation business. A total of 407 drivers completed a questionnaire including items about self-kindness from the Self-Compassion Scale, goal directedness from the Japanese Experiential Time Perspective Scale, stress responses, and job stress; data from 362 male drivers were analyzed, mean age = 41.87 years (SD = 7.8). Participants were divided into four groups based on these scores: high self-kindness and high goal directedness (HS/HG), low self-kindness and high goal directedness (LS/HG), high self-kindness and low goal directedness (HS/LG), and low self-kindness and low goal directedness (LS/LG). Responses were compared among groups using Kruskal–Wallis test, Bonferroni’s multiple-comparison test, and χ2 test. Results Median fatigue, anxiety, and depression scores differed significantly among the four groups. More drivers with HS/HG than with LS/LG reported feeling rested because of sleeping well. Discussion Home delivery drivers with high self-kindness and high goal directedness exhibited restful sleep and lower levels of stress responses. Home delivery drivers should work on and manage both self-kindness and goal directedness, which employers should also facilitate.

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Self-criticism and self-compassion role in the occurrence of insomnia on college students

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.702 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. s268-s268 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. Teixeira ◽

S. Simões ◽

M. Marques ◽

H. Espírito-Santo ◽

L. Lemos

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Older Students ◽

Examination Period ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Falling Asleep ◽

Competing Interest ◽

And Gender ◽

Compassion Scale ◽

Insomnia Symptoms

IntroductionTo our knowledge there are no research about the influence of self-criticism and self-compassion in the occurrence of insomnia.ObjectivesTo study the association between self-criticism, self-compassion and insomnia on university students; to explore differences in these associations on two moments of student's lives–examination and no examination period.AimsWe anticipate that the stress and pressure of the examination period have an impact on student's sleep and there are, also, differences by age and gender.MethodSelf-Criticism and Self-Reassurance Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, Pre-Activation Sleep Scale, Insomnia Assessment Scale and Anxiety and Depression and Stress Scales were answered by 160 college students (M = 26.45, SD = 7.98; range = 19–54 years) during an examination period and by 108 college students during a no examination period (M = 26.34; SD = 0.43; range = 19–54 years).ResultsIn both periods (examination and no examination period) older students (30–54 years) tended to be more self-compassionate and tolerant, such as less self-critical and punitive. During the examination period, younger students (19–29 years) showed higher levels of self-criticism, cognitive, and somatic activation before falling asleep. There was also a higher proportion of younger students in the insomniac and insomnia symptomatic groups. Moreover, significant correlations were found between cognitive and somatic activation and depression, anxiety, and stress in both moments.ConclusionsIn the examination period, the youngest students are more critical and less compassionate, what might lead to greater cognitive and somatic activation before sleep and, consequently, to insomnia symptoms and insomnia itself.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Self-Compassion as a Compensatory Resilience Factor for the Negative Emotional Outcomes of Alcohol- Involved Sexual Assault among Undergraduates

International Journal of Child and Adolescent Resilience ◽

10.7202/1069076ar ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 52-69

Author(s):

N.J. Strickland ◽

C. Wekerle ◽

I.L. Kehayes ◽

K. Thompson ◽

K. Dobson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Assault ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Lower Order ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Common Humanity ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Emotional Outcomes ◽

Main Effects ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

Compassion Scale

Objectives: Approximately half of sexual assaults involve alcohol; these assaults tend to be more severe and may be more likely to result in negative emotional outcomes like anxiety and depression (Ullman & Najdowski, 2010). Self-compassion (SC; extending kindness and care towards oneself) may promote resilience from the negative emotional consequences of alcohol-involved sexual assault (AISA). This study examined SC as a resilience factor, testing whether it attenuates and/or counteracts the association between AISA and negative emotional outcomes. Methods: Undergraduate drinkers (N = 785) completed measures tapping past-term AISA (Kehayes, et al., 2019), SC (i.e., Self-Compassion Scale; Neff, 2003), and anxiety and depression (Kessler et al., 2002). The Self-Compassion Scale was scored as two higherorder domains (self-caring, self-criticism) each with three lower-order facets (self-kindness, mindfulness, and common humanity; over-identification, self-judgment, and isolation). Results: Supporting compensatory effects, the higher-order SC domains showed main effects: the presence of self-caring and relative absence of self-criticism counteracted the adverse effects of AISA on both anxiety and depression. Similarly, the lower-order SC facets showed main effects: the presence of self-kindness and relative absence of overidentification counteracted the adverse effects of AISA on anxiety/depression – with therelative absence of self-judgment and isolation additionally counteracting the effect of AISA on depression. Conclusion: SC works as a compensatory resilience factor for the association between AISA and anxiety/depression. Implications: SC interventions with attention towards increasing self-kindness and decreasing negative facets of SC may be important for negative emotional outcomes in general, including those following AISA.

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The Сoncept of Self-compassion: a Russian Adaptation of the Scale by Kristin Neff

Cultural-Historical Psychology ◽

10.17759/chp.2020160404 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 35-48

Author(s):

K.A. Chistopolskaya ◽

E.N. Osin ◽

S.N. Enikolopov ◽

E.L. Nikolaev ◽

G.A. Mysina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Close Relationships ◽

Time Perspective ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Self Esteem ◽

The Self ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Russian Version ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Support Students ◽

Compassion Scale

The article describes a relatively new psychological construct of self-compassion and its relation to another well-known notion, self-esteem. Arguments are presented in favor of the new construct in working with adolescents and patients. According to that, there is a need of an adaptation on a Russian sample of the scale, which measures self-compassion. It was hypothesized that the Self-Compassion Scale by K. Neff will be an appropriate instrument to measure the construct on a Russian sample, as it passed successful adaptation in many other countries. For that purpose the scale was translated, and was then given to students in three Russian cities, along with Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Almost Perfect Scale, Experience in Close Relationships – Revised, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (students were from Moscow, Cheboksary, Kirov, N = 490, 152 males, 337 females, one person undefined, aged 17— 28 (М = 19,3, SD = 1,2)). ESEM showed satisfactory fit of the model with 6 specific factors (subscales) (χ2(184) = 452,074; CFI = 0,956; TLI = 0,923; RMSEA = 0, 055 (0,048; 0,061), SRMR = 0,028). Indices of reliability for the subscales were also satisfactory. Correlations of the subscales with other questionnaires showed good construct validity. Thus, the Russian version of the Self-Compassion Scale by K. Neff can be used in clinical and research purposes on Russian youth samples.

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Validierung einer deutschen Version der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D)

Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1026/1616-3443/a000088 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 115-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Jörg Hupfeld ◽

Nicole Ruffieux

Keyword(s):

Reliabilität Und Validität ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Compassion Scale

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Self-Compassion bezeichnet eine positive Grundeinstellung gegenüber der eigenen Person in schwierigen Lebenssituationen. Dieses Persönlichkeitsmerkmal hat sich als wirksamer Schutzfaktor erwiesen, der die emotionale Resilienz fördert. In letzter Zeit wurden Therapieansätze entwickelt, in denen die Förderung von Self-Compassion eine zentrale Rolle einnimmt. Fragestellung: Wie gut sind die Gütekriterien der deutschen Übersetzung der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D)? Methode: Die 26-Item Skala wurde ins Deutsche übersetzt. An zwei Stichproben (396 und 165 Personen) wurden die dimensionale Struktur, Reliabilität und Validität der Skala überprüft. Ergebnisse: In Übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen zur Originalfassung zeigten sich für die SCS-D eine sechsfaktorielle Struktur und erwartungsgemäße Zusammenhänge mit psychischer Belastung und subjektivem Wohlbefinden. Schlussfolgerung: Mit der deutschen Übersetzung der SCS liegt ein Inventar vor, mit dem Self-Compassion ökonomisch, reliabel und valide erfasst werden kann.

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Self-Compassion Scale

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t10178-000 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kristin D. Neff

Keyword(s):

Self Compassion ◽

Compassion Scale

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Old Wine in New Bottles? The Case of Self–Compassion and Neuroticism

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.2097 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 160-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Christian Kandler ◽

Stefan Pfattheicher ◽

Mattis Geiger ◽

Johanna Hartung ◽

Selina Weiss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Personality Psychology ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Negative Factor ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Compassion Scale ◽

Positive Factor

Research on self–compassion, which is defined as being understanding and kind to oneself when confronted with negative experiences, has produced an impressive number of articles in recent years. This research shows that individual differences in self–compassion, as measured by the Self–Compassion Scale (SCS), are positively related to life satisfaction, health and social functioning. However, a critical and systematic test of self–compassion from a personality perspective has not yet conducted so far. In the present study ( N = 576), we (i) tested the factor structure of the SCS, (ii) examined the distinctiveness of self–compassion with regard to the five–factor model of personality, focusing on neuroticism, and (iii) tested the incremental predictive power of self–compassion beyond the five–factor model in the context of life satisfaction. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a two–factor plus six facets solution of self–compassion (a positive factor and a negative factor). Additional analyses revealed that the negative factor was redundant with facets of neuroticism ( rs ≥ .85), whereas the positive factor had some unique variance left. However, neither the negative factor nor the positive factor could explain substantial incremental variance in life satisfaction beyond neuroticism. Recommendations for how to use the SCS are provided, and the future of research on self–compassion is discussed. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Evolution of psychosocial burden and psychiatric symptoms in patients with psychiatric disorders during the Covid-19 pandemic

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.1007/s00406-021-01268-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Belz ◽

Philipp Hessmann ◽

Jonathan Vogelgsang ◽

Ulrike Schmidt ◽

Mirjana Ruhleder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

High Stress ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Time Range ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Psychosocial Burden

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic highly impacts mental health worldwide. Patients with psychiatric disorders are a vulnerable risk population for worsening of their condition and relapse of symptoms. This study investigates the pandemic-related course of psychosocial burden in patients with pre-existing mental disorders. With the newly developed Goettingen psychosocial Burden and Symptom Inventory (Goe-BSI) psychosocial burden has been traced retrospectively (1) before the pandemic (beginning of 2020), (2) at its beginning under maximum lockdown conditions (March 2020), and (3) for the current state after maximum lockdown conditions (April/May 2020). The Goe-BSI also integrates the Adjustment Disorder New Module (ADNM-20), assesses general psychiatric symptoms, and resilience. A total of 213 patients covering all major psychiatric disorders (ICD-10 F0-F9) were interviewed once in the time range from April, 24th until May 11th, 2020. Across all diagnoses patients exhibited a distinct pattern with an initial rise followed by a decline of psychosocial burden (p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.09; Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons between all three time-points: p < 0.05 to 0.001). Female gender and high ADNM-20 scores were identified as risk factors for higher levels and an unfavorable course of psychosocial burden over time. Most psychiatric symptoms remained unchanged. Trajectories of psychosocial burden vary in parallel to local lockdown restrictions and seem to reflect an adaptive stress response. For female patients with pre-existing mental disorders and patients with high-stress responses, timely and specific treatment should be scheduled. With the continuation of the pandemic, monitoring of long-term effects is of major importance, especially when long incubation times for the development of mental health issues are considered.

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Using Compassionate Mind Training as a Resource in EMDR: A Case Study

Journal of EMDR Practice and Research ◽

10.1891/1933-3196.7.4.186 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 186-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Elaine Beaumont ◽

Caroline J. Hollins Martin

Keyword(s):

Depression Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Discussion Section ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Compassion Scale ◽

Mind Training ◽

Current Signature ◽

Insight Into

This case study examines the contribution of compassionate mind training (CMT) when used as a resource in the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of a 58-year-old man, who presented after a recent trauma with psychological distress and somatic symptoms—an inability to sign his name. Self-report questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], Impact of Events Scale-R [IES-R], and Self-Compassion Scale [SCS]) were administered at pretherapy, midtherapy, posttherapy, and 9-month follow-up. EMDR with CMT facilitated recall of forgotten memories about his sister’s traumatic death decades previously, with related emotions of shame and grief, creating insight into how these past events linked to his current signature-signing phobia. Eight sessions of therapy resulted in an elimination of the client’s signature-signing phobia and a reduction in trauma-related symptoms, elevation in mood, and increase in self-compassion. Effects were maintained at 9-month follow-up. The “Discussion” section highlights the value of working collaboratively with clients to best meet their individual needs.

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Genome-wide identification and functional characterization of Camelina sativa WRKY gene family in response to abiotic stress

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36113/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yanan Song ◽

Hongli Cui ◽

Ying Shi ◽

Jinai Xue ◽

Chunli Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Stress Resistance ◽

Segmental Duplication ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

High Stress ◽

Camelina Sativa ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Large Expansion

Abstract Background: WRKY transcription factors are a superfamily of regulators involved in diverse biological processes and stress responses in plants. However, knowledge is limited for WRKY family in camelina (Camelina sativa), an important Brassicaceae oil crop with strong tolerance against various stresses. Here, genome-wide characterization of WRKY proteins is performed to examine their gene-structures, phylogenetics, expressions, conserved motif organizations, and functional annotation to identify candidate WRKYs mediating regulation of stress resistance in camelina.Results: Total of 242 CsWRKY proteins encoded by 224 gene loci distributed uneven on chromosomes were identified, and classified into three groups via phylogenetic analysis according to their WRKY domains and zinc finger motifs. 15 CsWRKY gene loci generated 33 spliced variants. Orthologous WRKY gene pairs were identified, with 173 pairs in C. sativa and Arabidopsis genomes as well as 282 pairs for C. sativa and B. napus, respectively. 137 segmental duplication events were observed but no tandem duplication in camelina genome. Ten major conserved motifs were examined, with WRKYGQK as the most conserved and several variants existed in many CsWRKYs. Expression analysis revealed that half more CsWRKY genes were expressed constitutively, and a set of them had a tissue-specific expression. Notably, 11 CsWRKY genes exhibited significantly expression changes in plant seedlings under cold, salt, and drought stress, respectively, having preferentially inducible expression pattern in response to the stress.Conclusions: The present described a detail analysis of CsWRKY gen family and their expression profiled in twelve tissues and under several stress conditions. Segmental duplication is the major force for large expansion of this gene family, and a strong purifying pressure happened for CsWRKY proteins evolutionally. CsWRKY proteins play important roles for plant development, with differential functions in different tissues. Exceptionally, eleven CsWRKYs, particularly five alternative spliced isoforms were found to be the key players possibly in mediating plant response to various stresses. Overall, our results provide a foundation for understanding roles of CsWRKYs and the precise mechanism through which CsWRKYs regulate high stress resistance to stress as well as development of stress tolerance cultivars for Cruciferae crops.

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