scholarly journals Farmakologija protiepileptičnih zdravil v obdobju novorojenčka in dojenčka

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Esih ◽  
Petja Fister ◽  
Zvonka Rener-Primec
Keyword(s):  
Drug Response ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
New Science ◽  
Developmental Characteristics

Te aim of this review article is to elucidate the profound effect of developmental characteristics of newborns and infants on the dosing regimen of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). AEDs have different mechanisms of action that can broadly be grouped in three categories. Te pharmacokinetics of AEDs are largely affected by developmental changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Te cytochrome P450 enzymes represent an important component of the drug metabolism and vary widely with the child’s development and genetics. In the light of this, an important path is paved by a new science–pharmacogenetics, the study of drug response in relation to specifc genes, which is becoming increasingly important in adjusting the drug dosage. Some recommendations regarding the genetic profle have already been approved but are not yet implemented into daily clinical practice. Considering both, the developmental changes and AED characteristics, an optimal dosage with minimal adverse effects may be achieved.

scholarly journals An Overview on the Potential Hazards of Pyrethroid Insecticides in Fish, with Special Emphasis on Cypermethrin Toxicity

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1880
Author(s):  
Mayada R. Farag ◽  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
Rana M. Bilal ◽  
Ahmed G. A. Gewida ◽  
Kuldeep Dhama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Great Public Health

Pesticides are chemicals used to control pests, such as aquatic weeds, insects, aquatic snails, and plant diseases. They are extensively used in forestry, agriculture, veterinary practices, and of great public health importance. Pesticides can be categorized according to their use into three major types (namely insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides). Water contamination by pesticides is known to induce harmful impacts on the production, reproduction, and survivability of living aquatic organisms, such as algae, aquatic plants, and fish (shellfish and finfish species). The literature and information present in this review article facilitate evaluating the toxic effects from exposure to various fish species to different concentrations of pesticides. Moreover, a brief overview of sources, classification, mechanisms of action, and toxicity signs of pyrethroid insecticides in several fish species will be illustrated with special emphasis on Cypermethrin toxicity.

scholarly journals Analysis of Neural Activity of the Human Basal Ganglia in Dystonia: a Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Ondřej Klempíř ◽  
Radim Krupička
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Spike Train Data ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus is an efective symptomatic treatment for pharmacoresistant dystonic syndromes, where pathophysiological mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art approaches for processing of microelectrode recordings in dystonia; in order to define biomarkers to identify patients who will benefit from the clinical deep brain stimulation. For this purpose, the essential elements of microelectrode processing are examined. Next, we investigate a real example of spike sorting processing in this field. Herein, we describe baseline elements of microrecordings processing including data collection, preprocessing phase, features computation, spike detection and sorting and finally, advanced spike train data analysis. This study will help readers acquire the necessary information about these elements and their associated techniques. Thus, this study is supposed to assist during identification and proposal of interesting clinical hypotheses in the field of single unit neuronal recordings in dystonia.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING NOVEL POLYMER AND LIPID BASED CARRIER SYSTEMS IN CLINICIAN PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kallem Sharat Venkat Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Smart Polymers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Carrier Systems

From the past two decades, technological advancements in science and chemistry made possible many new drug delivery systems that have the potential to completely change the course of routine therapeutic ways.  Lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems are considered to be the pillars of many drug dosage forms, irrespective of their route of administration. With increasing knowledge on their chemistry, lipids and polymers are being modified and used as potential novel drug delivery systems with smart polymers and lipid nanotechnology paving the way for efficient drug delivery into the patient. This review article covers the swing of these drug delivery systems in the current market and interpreting all this from a health care professional’s point of view. Keywords: Gene delivery, Lipid based drug delivery, Polymer based drug delivery, Target specific drugs, Solid lipid nanoparticles

scholarly journals Automatic Anaesthesia Regularization System

2020 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Rajeshwari R ◽  
Sumithra K ◽  
Kiruthika S ◽  
Anusuya M
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Drug Injection ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Lethal Complications ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
Dosage Administration

Nowadays, in surgeries, the anaesthesia is delivered manually. During this process, there is a chance to commit minute mistakes which may lead to lethal complications. During anaesthesia drug injection, the doctors should concentrate on the drug dosage, amount of drug, response of vital body parameters. The vital body parameters include temperature, blood pressure, heart rate. The incorrect dosage administration may cause lethal effects. To avoid this, the anaesthetist administers few millilitres of anaesthesia in a regular intervals of time to the patient. Thus ,a microcontroller based automatic anaesthesia regularization system is developed. So that the adequate amount of drug is injected in optimum level, which ensures the patient safety. The drug is delivered depending on the sensors output.

scholarly journals ​Ecotoxicology and Its Impact on Ecosystem: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Singh ◽  
Naresh Chandra ◽  
Madhu Swamy ◽  
Shashi Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
New Science ◽  
Human Interventions ◽  
Risk Assessment And Prevention ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Proper Disposal

Ecotoxicology is a relatively new science that helps to protect the existing ecosystem from toxic environmental pollutants. The scientists are working towards prediction, observation, monitoring, risk assessment and prevention from these toxicants and their harmful effects on population, community and ecosystem. It is a multidisciplinary field, which integrates toxicology, chemistry and ecology. Presently the human interventions and chemical production without proper disposal are one of the most responsible factors for presence of harmful pollutants in the biosphere. The toxic chemical may cause detrimental effects like change in behavior pattern of population, reduced growth, physiological and molecular changes and developmental changes ultimately may change the whole exposed ecosystem. Although, ecotoxicologists are facing a lot of problems to predict the effect of a chemical on an individual living population, they are doing a great job to protect our ecosystem.

scholarly journals Long lasting octreotide LAR therapy in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1S) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Alfredo Butera
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Octreotide Lar ◽  
Individual Tumour

In this article we report a case of a patient with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung. Patients with LCNEC usually have poor prognosis and the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for these patients has not been fully established. This case suggests that octreotide LAR, a somatostatine analogue (SSA), can be useful in the treatment of neuroendocrine carcinoma also as maintenance therapy in association with chemotherapy. Further studies, regarding individual tumour biological behaviour and SSAs optimal dosage, could be useful to optimise treatment and to add new insights into the mechanisms of action and the role of SSAs in the therapy of NETs.

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