scholarly journals Individual and group antecedents of satisfaction: One lab- multilevel study

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel M. Martínez ◽  
Eva Cifre
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Individual Self

<p>This study examines the simultaneous effect of individual (self-efficacy) and group variables (cohesion and gender diversity) on satisfaction. A laboratory study was conducted involving 373 college students randomly distributed across 79 small groups, who performed a laboratory task in about five hours. Two-level Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) method was used. Results show the main effect from individual self-efficacy to satisfaction (both level 1), the cross-level effect from group cohesion (level 2) to individual satisfaction (level 1), and the interaction effect between self-efficacy and gender diversity to satisfaction. These results suggest that in a work group, satisfaction has a background in individual and group variables. Group cohesion and gender diversity have important effects on satisfaction. The article concludes with practical strategies and with limitations and suggestions for future research.</p>

Inquiry and Gender Inequity in the Undergraduate Mathematics Classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrella Johnson ◽  
Christine Andrews-Larson ◽  
Karen Keene ◽  
Kathleen Melhuish ◽  
Rachel Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Mathematics Classroom ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Gender Inequity ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Content Assessment ◽  
And Gender

Our field has generally reached a consensus that active-learning approaches improve student success; however, there is a need to explore the ways that particular instructional approaches affect various student groups. We examined the relationship between gender and student learning outcomes in one context: inquiry-oriented abstract algebra. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we analyzed content assessment data from 522 students. We detected a gender performance difference (with men outperforming women) in the inquiry-oriented classes that was not present in other classes. We take the differential result between men and women to be evidence of gender inequity in our context. In response to these findings, we present avenues for future research on the gendered experiences of students in such classes.

scholarly journals The Effects of Game and Student Characteristics on Persistence in Educational Games: A Hierarchical Linear Modeling Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-165
Author(s):  
Seyedahmad Rahimi ◽  
Valerie Shute ◽  
Qian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Educational Games ◽  
Game Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Game Mechanics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ninth Grade Students ◽  
K 12

Persistence is an important part of student success—both in and out of school. To enhance persistence, we first need to assess it accurately. Digital games can be used as vehicles for measuring and enhancing persistence. The purpose of this study is to test the effects of (a) game-level characteristics (i.e., game mechanics and conceptual difficulty), and (b) student-related characteristics (e.g., students’ incoming knowledge and gender) on persistence in a game called Physics Playground. The participants in this study were 137, eighth and ninth-grade students from a K-12 school in Florida. We used a Hierarchical Linear Modeling Approach (HLM) to analyze the data. The major findings are (1) the degree of difficulty relating to both the physics concepts and game mechanics of each game problem are significant predictors of persistence, with the former being more effective than the latter in predicting students’ persistence, and (2) the number of gold and silver trophies students attained in the game were the only significant student-level predictors of persistence. We conclude by discussing the findings, the implications, limitations, and future research related to this study.

The Relationship Between Leader–Member Exchange and Employees’ Proactive Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Fong-Yi Lai ◽  
Szu-Chi Lu ◽  
Cheng-Chen Lin ◽  
Yu-Chin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract. The present study proposed that, unlike prior leader–member exchange (LMX) research which often implicitly assumed that each leader develops equal-quality relationships with their supervisors (leader’s LMX; LLX), every leader develops different relationships with their supervisors and, in turn, receive different amounts of resources. Moreover, these differentiated relationships with superiors will influence how leader–member relationship quality affects team members’ voice and creativity. We adopted a multi-temporal (three wave) and multi-source (leaders and employees) research design. Hypotheses were tested on a sample of 227 bank employees working in 52 departments. Results of the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis showed that LLX moderates the relationship between LMX and team members’ voice behavior and creative performance. Strengths, limitations, practical implications, and directions for future research are discussed.

Effects of a Low-Element Challenge Course on Abstinence Self-Efficacy and Group Cohesion

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie M. Clem ◽  
Thomas E. Smith ◽  
Kristin V. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chemically Dependent ◽  
Challenge Course ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Unity

Substance abuse researchers identify self-efficacy and group cohesion as important components in alcohol and other drug-dependency treatment. Objectives: The purpose of this single-group, pretest–posttest study is to explore the therapeutic value of a challenge course intervention on the self-efficacy and group cohesion of nine chemically dependent, adult females. Methods: Data were collected using two validated outcome measures administered before and after the intervention. Focus groups provided insight into the experiences of participants and were examined using manifest and latent theme analysis. Results: Findings indicate statistically significant improvements on both outcome measures with medium to large effect sizes. Several themes were identified including group unity, trust, interpersonal growth, and self-confidence. Conclusions: Suggestions for practice and future research are provided.

scholarly journals Effect of Self-esteem on Perceived Job Insecurity: The Moderating Role of Self-efficacy and Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Adewale A. Adekiya
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
International Markets ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Perceived Job Insecurity

AbstractThe high rate of job loss in most crude oil dependent countries, which may be attributed to the recent drop in the price of this commodity in international markets, has intensified the perception of threats associated with potential job loss among the employees who are still employed. Hence, perceived job insecurity, its associated outcome, coupled with how it can be mitigated has become a global phenomenon, which requires the attention of managers and practitioners alike. In this work, we built upon Hobfall’s conservation of resource theory (CRT) to present a research model that links employee’s self-efficacy and gender to the strength or weakness of the relationship between self-esteem and self-perceived job insecurity. Research data were collected from 153 randomly selected Nigerian Bank employees out of 217 drawn from a total population of 509. Based on the results from relevant statistical analysis, it is discovered that, while increase in self-esteem would lead to a significant decrease in job insecurity perception, such significant decrease is, however, not associated with self-efficacy and gender meaning that these variables are not moderators in the self-esteem/perceived job insecurity relationship. In line with these outcomes, we conclude by recommending that managers should focus on developing intervention strategies aimed at improving employee self-esteem with a view of reducing perceived job insecurity. In addition, important areas in need of future research were also identified.

Disrupting board appointments: Australia's governance guidelines and gender capital

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Sheridan ◽  
Linley Lord ◽  
Anne Ross-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Board Directors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Board Dynamics ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
Gender Capital

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify how board recruitment processes have been impacted by the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) governance changes requiring listed boards to report annually on their gender diversity policy and profile.Design/methodology/approachEmploying a social constructivist approach, the research analyses interviews conducted with matched samples of board directors and stakeholders in 2010 and 2017 about board recruitment in ASX50 companies.FindingsThe introduction of ASX guidelines requiring gender reporting disrupted traditional board appointment processes. Women's gender capital gained currency, adding an additional dimension to the high levels of human and social capital seen as desirable for board appointments. The politics of women's presence is bringing about changes to the discourse and practice about who should/can be a director. The authors identify highly strategic ways in which women's gender capital has been used to agitate for more women to be appointed to boards.Research limitations/implicationsWhile sample sizes are small, data within the themes cohered meaningfully across the time periods, making visible how women's presence in the board room has been reframed. Future research could consider what this may mean for board dynamics and how enduring are these changes.Practical implicationsThis study highlights the forms that human and social capital take in board appointments, which can be instructive for potential directors, and how these intersect with gender capital. The insights from the study are relevant to board recruitment committees seeking to reflect their commitment to a more gender equitable environment.Originality/valueThere has been a recalibration of men's and women's gender capital in board appointments, and there is now a currency in femaleness disrupting the historical privilege afforded “maleness”.

Getting Women on Board: Some Reflections on Research on Board Gender Diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050003
Author(s):  
Kris Hardies ◽  
Diane Breesch
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Executive Compensation ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Board Gender Diversity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Broad Overview

Al-Shaer and Harakehn (2020) and Lopatta et al. (2020) study different aspects of the relationship between board gender diversity and corporate outcomes, respectively executive compensation and non-financial performance. In this discussion, we offer a broad overview of the main results of both studies, provide some points of discussion in relationship to these specific studies, and elaborate on a number of additional points that link the current studies to the broader literature on board gender diversity and gender research in accounting more generally. We conclude with some suggestions for future research.

A Novel Intervention for System-Involved Intimate Partner Violence Survivors: Changes in Parenting

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-280
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Wretman ◽  
Cynthia Fraga Rizo ◽  
Rebecca J. Macy ◽  
Shenyang Guo ◽  
Dania Ermentrout
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Court System ◽  
Linear Modeling

Purpose: A growing subpopulation of intimate partner violence (IPV) victims comprises mothers who have been mandated to services by either the court system or child protective services (CPS). Two human service agencies in the United States developed a 13-week novel intervention to address these women. All participants were assigned to the intervention, which featured group psychoeducation sessions, social events, and childcare. Method: This quasi-experimental study gathered preliminary evidence regarding whether the intervention promoted participants’ ( N = 70) parenting practices. Specifically, growth curve analyses using hierarchical linear modeling examined outcomes at completion (3 months) and follow-up (6 months). Results: Participants reported statistically significant improvements on key parenting practices at both postintervention time points. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary support for engaging court- and CPS-involved female IPV survivors in specialized, group-based interventions such as that investigated herein. Future research should investigate similar programs using larger samples and more robust designs.

Ethical Leadership and Whistleblowing: Collective Moral Potency and Personal Identification as Mediators

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1223-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fa-Wang Zhang ◽  
Jian-Qiao Liao ◽  
Jin-Ming Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Moral Potency ◽  
Internal Whistleblowing ◽  
The Relationship

Given the prevalence and concealment of misconduct in the workplace, whistleblowing has become an important organizational control mechanism. In this study, we focused on the process by which ethical leadership influences employees to blow the whistle internally. We collected data via a survey administered to the respondents, who were leader–member dyads in a large branch of the central bank in southern China. Hierarchical linear modeling results revealed that ethical leadership was positively related to internal whistleblowing by subordinates. We controlled for ethical climate and found that collective moral potency as a component of the ethical environment, and employees' personal identification with their supervisors fully mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and internal whistleblowing. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.

scholarly journals The Effect of the OCB Gap on Task Performance with the Moderating Role of Task Interdependence

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Yuha Yang ◽  
Heesun Chae
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Task Interdependence ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
The Social

Using the social exchange theory and the social cognitive perspective in group dynamics, this study seeks to examine how different individuals in the degree of engagement in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among members of a team (i.e., the OCB gap) can affect their work performance across varying levels of task interdependence. The research hypotheses were tested empirically using field data regarding 146 employee-supervisor dyads collected from 41 teams in South Korea. The results of the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis indicate that having a lover level of OCB engagement than the group average induces feelings of indebtedness in employees, and this sense of obligation is stronger in a high level of task dependence context. We further discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this research and suggest areas for future research.

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