scholarly journals “RIEMPI IL CALICE, O COPPIERE”: LA PRATICA DEL MAJLIS SUFI COME BANCHETTO DEI BEATI NEL PARADISO ATTRAVERSO LA LETTERATURA SUFI MEDIEVALE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Patrizi
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
Real Relationship ◽  
Specific Study ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
And Function ◽  
Practical Dimension

Riassunto: Nell’ambito del Sufismo delle confraternite, la sessione di dhikr rituale collettiva, solitamente definita majlis, mostra caratteristiche analoghe anche in contesti molto differenti. Nonostante questa pratica ricopra un’importanza e una funzione assolutamente primarie nel contesto del Sufismo, alla sua analisi non è ancora stato dedicato alcuno studio specifico. In particolare, nessuna attenzione è stata portata fino ad oggi al suo processo di formazione, e questo non soltanto nella sua dimensione di pratica, ma anche e soprattutto dal punto di vista simbolico e metaforico. In questo articolo cercherò quindi di mettere in luce come la pratica del majlis sufi mostri l’influenza diretta di due complesse metafore teologiche: la metafora della regalità, che si esercita sul majlis sufi grazie al rapporto, allo stesso tempo metaforico e reale, che intercorre tra regalità e potere spirituale, e la metafora del banchetto dei beati nel paradiso. Abstract: Within the context of Brotherhood Sufism, the collective ritual dhikr session, usually referred to as majlis, shows similar characteristics even in very different contexts. Although this practice has an absolutely primary importance and function in the context of Sufism, no specific study has yet been devoted to its analysis. In particular, no attention has been paid until now to its formation process, not only in its practical dimension, but also and above all from a symbolic and metaphorical point of view. In this paper I will therefore try to highlight how the practice of Sufi majlis shows the direct influence of two complex theological metaphors: the metaphor of kingship, which is exercised on Sufi majlisthrough the metaphorical and real relationship between kingship and spiritual power, and the metaphor of the banquet of the blessed in paradise.

scholarly journals Expression and Function of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides in the Human Brain: Physiological and Pharmacological Implications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 834
Author(s):  
Anima M. Schäfer ◽  
Henriette E. Meyer zu Schwabedissen ◽  
Markus Grube
Keyword(s):  
Organic Anion ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Efflux Transporters ◽  
Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides ◽  
Current State ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Uptake Transporters

The central nervous system (CNS) is an important pharmacological target, but it is very effectively protected by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), thereby impairing the efficacy of many potential active compounds as they are unable to cross this barrier. Among others, membranous efflux transporters like P-Glycoprotein are involved in the integrity of this barrier. In addition to these, however, uptake transporters have also been found to selectively uptake certain compounds into the CNS. These transporters are localized in the BBB as well as in neurons or in the choroid plexus. Among them, from a pharmacological point of view, representatives of the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are of particular interest, as they mediate the cellular entry of a variety of different pharmaceutical compounds. Thus, OATPs in the BBB potentially offer the possibility of CNS targeting approaches. For these purposes, a profound understanding of the expression and localization of these transporters is crucial. This review therefore summarizes the current state of knowledge of the expression and localization of OATPs in the CNS, gives an overview of their possible physiological role, and outlines their possible pharmacological relevance using selected examples.

THE CRITICALLY ILL CHILD: SICKLE CELL DISEASE CRISES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-635
Author(s):  
Howard A. Pearson ◽  
Louis K. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Heterozygous Form ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Function

This brief review, being limited in scope to the recognition and management of the life-threatening and painful crises in infants and children with sickle-cell disease, has not even touched on the intriguing mystery of the molecular basis for the sickling phenomenon–how one amino-acid substitution (gene controlled) in the beta chain sequence of 146 amino acids can cause such serious disruption in form and function; or how this mutation occurred in the first place and why it has persisted in contrast to the rapid disappearance of many other deleterious mutants. Nor has there been even mention of the many milder symptoms, signs, and complications due to the presence of Hb. S., either in the homozygous (disease-producing) state or heterozygous form when found in combination with other hereditary hemoglobin defects. The accumulated knowledge about this mutant gene, its biochemical effects, and geographic distribution is enormous. From a fundamental scientific standpoint, sickle cell disease is one of the best understood of human afflictions. However, from a practical point of view treatment of the patient himself is often only symptomatic and palliative. Nevertheless, prompt and effective therapy of the myriad manifestations of sickle cell disease can effectively reduce morbidity and mortality. The pediatrician who cares for black children in his practice should be familiar with the cardinal diagnostic and clinical aspects of sickle cell disease and its crises.

The Mechanical Modeling of Oxygen-Containing Precipitates in Silicon Wafers on Different Stages of the Getter Formation Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 178-179 ◽  
pp. 483-488
Author(s):  
Pavel S. Shushpannikov ◽  
Robert V. Goldstein ◽  
Konstantin Ustinov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Mechanical Modeling ◽  
Silicon Matrix ◽  
Spheroidal Inclusion

The behavior of the oxygen-containing precipitate in silicon wafer on different stages of the getter formation process is considered from the mechanical point of view. The precipitate is modeled as a spheroidal inclusion undergoing inelastic eigenstrains in an anisotropic silicon matrix. The stress-strain state in the precipitate and matrix is calculated within the framework of the model. An energetic criterion of breaking the spherical shape by the coherent precipitates is obtained and analyzed. Criteria of the formation and onset of motion of the dislocation loops in the vicinity of the precipitate are also proposed. The obtained results are compared with the available experimental data.

scholarly journals An Introduction to Concept and Evolution of the Guardstone and Its Architectural Visualization of the Contemporary Religious and Cultural Diversities

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Sasni Amarasekara
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Aesthetic Evaluation ◽  
Specific Study ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Evolutionary Point ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Academic Study

<p>This specific study deals with a unique piece of Buddhist architecture, the Guardstone found almost in every part of ancient kingdoms in Sri Lanka spanning from Anuradhapura to Kandy period significantly. The Guardstone is an excellent piece of structure placed on either side of the first step of the flight of stairs at the entrance of ancient religious buildings or palaces in Sri Lanka. The origin of this architectural masterpiece is still to determine. Nevertheless, it is widely accepted in an evolutionary point of view that the guardstone has passed through several developmental stages from a simple slab to a highly sophisticated artifact in its dimensions, complexity and artistry. The numerous inclusions as well as exclusions from time to time to this artifact still remain uncertain as to whether they were due to secular or ecclesiastical reasons or simply due to the creators own culture influenced imagination. This study will peruse all the possible evidence that are available architecturally and to develop a logical reasoning for any identifiable characteristic and to elucidate with reasonable legitimacy as to how and why such a character is present or absent in a particular guardstone. This study in no way has any intention of rejecting or amending any proposition available at present but will pursue its best to shed light only on the attributes of a guardstone and to concentrate on the diversities of this beautiful monastic artifact that deserves serious academic study and meticulous aesthetic evaluation.</p>

scholarly journals «Beer Hall Putsch» in the US press assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
Margarita Igorevna Tulusakova
Keyword(s):  
Press Reaction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Us ◽  
American Press ◽  
Beer Hall

The paper studies the problem of the American press reaction to an attempted coup in Germany in 1923. The reasons for the Beer Hall Putsch from the point of view of the press were studied. The author shows the process of information accumulation about the putsch, the role and attitude of various representatives of the US press to it, and the international reaction to the Nazism. The role of Hitler in the coup attempt is analyzed. The author proves that there was direct influence of large American newspapers chief editors opinions on the information about the coup in Germany. The analysis of the US press reaction to the Beer Hall Putsch shows that American newspapers during the first days of the events observed these events closely. Moreover, the trends typical for the central press (coverage of international events, desire for analytics and forecasts) were also characteristic of small local periodicals. The Beer Putsch information support shows that in 1923 the US press was clearly divided in assessments about the most important issue: to support the rebels or to condemn them. The paper shows how the image of the Beer Hall Putsch influenced the policy of aggressors pacification in the future.

scholarly journals Concept «soul» in the language picture of the pupils' world

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
M.P. Mulina
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Systemic Thinking ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
The Russian Language

The article deals with the concept of «soul» from the methodological point of view: the effectiveness of its analysis at the Russian language lessons for the formation of linguistic, communicative and cultural competences in fifth class while studying the topic «Phraseologisms». The author shows that the complex analysis of the concept «soul» forms systemic thinking among pupils effectively and also teaches them to use the communicative and aesthetic means of the Russian language. The author emphasized that attention to the fact that it is important to explain to pupils the «mysterious Russian soul» in the perception of foreigners, because in their languages there's not so much meanings of the word «soul»

German Incunabula Herbals from the Russian State Library: Towards Popular Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-87
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Squires ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Popular Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Language History ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Library ◽  
And Function

Early printed herbals have a special place in the 15th-century book production as they were popular both with academics, including medical scientists and pharmacists, and with the common reader. The popular response to the mass production of herbal books made possible by the invention of printing left textual and linguistic evidence in the form of handwritten marginal notes. In the present study, six copies of illustrated herbals printed in Mainz by Peter Schoeffer in 1484 and 1485 are compared as to the subject, language and function of the marginal notes found in them. Five of these books are from the Rare Books Department of the Russian State (former Lenin) Library, the sixth copy from the Moscow University Library is used to enable better comparison. The analysis has shown that the types of marginal notes vary significantly depending on the owners’ social status, interest, background, and on the time and region. Marginal notes in Latin or Greek are considered from the point of view of their thematic (content) and chronological (dating) characteristics. As the result of many centuries of natural science, herbals were an important source of professional knowledge for academics, including medical scientists and pharmacists, of the time. Thematically, linguistically and paleographically, marginal notes of this type can be ascribed to professionals or students of natural sciences. Notes made considerably later than the incunabula era can in fact only be explained by an academic interest on the part of the reader (some notes date after 1700). Marginal notes made in German and, judging by the handwriting, dating closer to 1500 reflect work of common medical practitioners or even of lay readers, who used their herbals to cope with practical problems of their everyday life. These German marginal notes are of high interest as a source for German language history, as they contain synonymous names of plants, additional to those used in the printed text. The analysis of their form, dialect, and distribution proves that they offer valuable lexical material (regional names) in the semantic field usually scarcely documented in medieval literary texts. Those descriptions, which are indicative of region or dialect, show a distinct Southern German origin of their authors.

Determiners

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoevos Panagiotidis
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Generalized Quantifier ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Generalized Quantifier Theory ◽  
Nominal Agreement ◽  
Categorial Status ◽  
Semantic Point ◽  
And Function ◽  
Quantifier Theory

Determiners are a nominal syntactic category distinct from both adjectives and nouns; they constitute a functional (aka closed or ‘minor’) category and they are typically located high inside the nominal phrasal structure. From a syntactic point of view, the category of determiners is commonly understood to comprise the word classes of article, demonstrative, and quantifier, as well as non-adjectival possessives and some nominal agreement markers. From a semantic point of view, determiners are assumed to function as quantifiers, especially within research informed by Generalized Quantifier Theory. However, this is a one-way entailment: although determiners in natural language are quantificational, their class contains only a subset of the logically possible quantifiers; this class is restricted by conservativity and other factors. The tension between the ‘syntactic’ and the ‘semantic’ perspective on determiners results to a degree of terminological confusion: it is not always clear which lexical items the Determiner category includes or what the function of determiners is; moreover, there exists a tendency among syntacticians to view ‘Determiner’ as naming not a class, but a fixed position within a nominal phrasal template. The study of determiners rose to prominence within grammatical theory during the ’80s both due to advances in semantic theorizing, primarily Generalized Quantifier Theory, and due to the generalization of the X' phrasal schema to functional (minor) categories. Some issues in the nature and function of determiners that have been addressed in theoretical and typological work with considerable success include the categorial status of determiners, their (non-)universality, their structural position and feature makeup, their role in argumenthood and their interaction with nominal predicates, and their relation to pronouns. Expectedly, issues in (in)definiteness, quantification, and specificity also figure prominently in research work on determiners.

scholarly journals Maintaining and Improving the Environmental Cleanliness in Semarang Municipality in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Oktiva Herry Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Similar Point ◽  
The Face ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
And Function ◽  
Participatory Observation

Language produced in a specific event of communication will have its form and function. Some messages are delivered in direct ways meaning the form and the functions are symmetric; some others are delivered in indirect ways, asymmetric. Direct or indirect ways will give different perceptions to those who receive the content of the message. Considering the face of receivers is one of the principles that should be made by policy makers as they communicate with people in public space. This article aims to explain the forms of language used to prohibit littering and the way the maker of prohibition thinks about the writing of littering. The research is conducted by using non-participatory observation method. This, then, is followed by applying note taking technique and recording. The result shows mostly the writings of littering prohibition are made an indirect way and less number in indirect way. Having a direct way means society is placed as subordinate in relation to the authorities. Even though less in number, indirect littering prohibition shows some writings see an equal position between the writer and reader. Both take a similar point of view on littering.

The formation and function of the sclerosis rim in the femoral head: A biomechanical point of view

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZhiPing Chen ◽  
Yong Xu ◽  
ZhenXi Qi ◽  
JinShui Zho
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
And Function
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